Headache
Headache: Excerpt from A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
Muscle contraction (tension)
Migraine
Cluster (histamine) headache
Nonmigrainous vascular causes
Effort (physical activity)
Vasomotor rhinitis
Cough (e.g., Arnold-Chiari syndrome)
Fever
Hypertension
Hypotension
Hypoxia or hypercapnia, or both (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary infiltrative disease, sleep apnea syndrome, high altitude)
Anemia
Cerebrovascular disease (thrombosis, embolism,
hemorrhage)
Postseizure
Post–lumbar puncture
Endocrine causes
Hypoglycemia
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Adrenal insufficiency
Carcinoid, serotonin-secreting tumors
Premenstrual syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Drugs and toxins
Theophylline
Caffeine and caffeine withdrawal
Nitrates
Nitrites (e.g., hot dogs)
Dextroamphetamines
Ephedrine
Oral contraceptives
Reserpine
Monamine oxidase inhibitors plus catecholamines
Monosodium glutamate (MSG)
Histamine
Steroid withdrawal
Alcohol withdrawal
Disulfiram (Antabuse) plus alcohol
Lead
Benzene
Carbon monoxide
Carbon tetrachloride
Insecticides
Intracranial causes
Tumor
Arteriovenous malformation
Aneurysm (with or without hemorrhage)
Subdural hematoma
Encephalitis, brain abscess
Pseudotumor cerebri
Post-traumatic
Other lesions (e.g., sarcoidosis)
Arnold-Chiari malformation
Cranial inflammation
Meningeal irritation or inflammation
Infection (e.g., bacterial, viral, tuberculous, fungal)
Carcinomatous infiltration
Intrathecal injection
Postsubarachnoid hemorrhage
Vasculitis (e.g., temporal arteritis, lupus, polyarteritis nodosa)
Cranial and neck causes
Cranial bone lesions
Sinuses (trauma, inflammation)
Ears (external, middle, internal)
Eyes (inflammation, trauma, increased intraocular pressure, poor refraction)
Teeth, jaws (infection, trauma, temporomandibular joint malocclusion)
Cervical spine, ligaments, muscles (trauma, cervical spondylosis, ankylosing spondylitis, tumor)
Neuralgia (e.g., postherpetic, trigeminal, glosso-
pharyngeal)
Psychogenic, psychiatric
Systemic diseases
Infectious mononucleosis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Inflammatory bowel disease
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)–related illnesses
References
1. Lance JW: Approach to the Patient with Headaches, p. 206. See Bibliography, 3.
2. Headache and Other Craniofacial Pain, p. 148. See Bibliography, 1.
3. Raskin NH: Headache, p. 42. See Bibliography, 2.
Book Source Details
- Book Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
- Author(s): Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra
- Year of Publication: 1999
- Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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Copyright notice for book excerpts: Copyright © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.
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