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By far the most common causes of cyanosis in the newborn are respiratory (pneumonia, newborn respiratory distress syndrome [NRDS], meconium aspiration, etc.). Babies with respiratory illness are frequently in respiratory distress (grunting, flaring, retracting, tachypneic), whereas... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... When breathing requires extra effort, the accessory muscles — the sternocleidomastoid, scalene, pectoralis major, trapezius, internal intercostals, and abdominal muscles — stabilize the thorax during respiration. Some accessory muscle use... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Signs and Symptoms Rapid, shallow breathing; dyspnea, crackles, rhonchi; hypoxemia; bilateral infiltrates on chest X-ray
Treatment (Tx) Treatment of underlying disorder,... Pictures
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... Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), also called hyaline membrane disease, is the most common cause of neonatal mortality. In the United States alone, it kills 40,000 neonates every year. IRDS occurs in premature neonates and, if untreated, is fatal... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... When breathing requires extra effort, the accessory muscles—the sternocleidomastoid, scalene, pectoralis major, trapezius, internal intercostals, and abdominal muscles—stabilize the thorax during respiration. Some accessory muscle use... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Characterized by a deep, low-pitched grunting sound at the end of each breath, grunting respirations are a chief sign of respiratory distress in infants and children. They may be soft and heard only on auscultation, or loud and clearly audible without a... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Cindy Barter
Epigastric distress is a very common presenting complaint in both the emergency room setting and the outpatient setting. Of the multitude of diseases or diagnoses that can present with epigastric distress, gastroesophageal reflux... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Also called hyaline membrane disease and infant respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory distress syndrome is the most common cause of neonatal mortality.
Respiratory distress syndrome affects 10% of premature infants while rarely... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... A form of pulmonary edema that causes acute respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS, shock lung, stiff lung) results from increased permeability of the alveolocapillary membrane. Fluid accumulates in the lung interstitium, alveolar spaces, and small... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Characterized by a deep, low-pitched grunting sound at the end of each breath, grunting respirations are a chief sign of respiratory distress in infants and children. They may be soft and heard only on auscultation, or loud and clearly audible... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... When breathing requires extra effort, the accessory muscles — the sternocleidomastoid, scalene, pectoralis major, trapezius, internal intercostal, and abdominal muscles — stabilize the thorax during respiration. Some accessory muscle use normally takes place during... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Characterized by a deep, low-pitched grunting sound at the end of each breath, grunting respirations are a chief sign of respiratory distress in infants and children. They may be soft and heard only on auscultation, or loud and clearly audible without a... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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...Signs of respiratory distress include tachypnea,dyspnea, nasal flaring, grunting, retractions, and cyanosis. Apneais an extreme form of respiratory distress. Respiratory distress(neonatal and postneonatal) is discussed in the first part of thechapter and apnea in the second part. ... Principal Causes of Respiratory Distress (Neonatal) ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Respiratory Distress (Neonatal) ... Principal Causes of Respiratory Distress (Postneonatal) ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Respiratory Distress (Postneonatal) ... Diagnostic Approach: Respiratory Distress ... Principal Causes of Apnea ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Apnea ... Diagnostic Approach: Apnea ... References
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... When breathing requires extra effort, the accessory muscles—the sternocleidomastoid, scalene, pectoralis major, trapezius, internal intercostals, and abdominal muscles—stabilize the thorax during respiration. Some accessory muscle use normally... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Characterized by a deep, low-pitched grunting sound at the end of each breath, grunting respirations are a chief sign of respiratory distress in infants and children. They may be soft and heard only on auscultation, or loud and clearly audible without a... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... Author:
Russell Cross, MD
What to Do - Interpret the Data
The detection of persistent cyanosis in the neonate can be difficult because
of the changing physiology in the first several hours following delivery, but
it is an important marker for... Suggested Readings
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... Author:
Heidi Herrera, MD
What to Do - Take Action
Sickle cell disease (SCD)is the most commonsingle gene disorderin African
Americans. Other high-risk infant populations include the Mediterranean
countries, Turkey, the Arabian and... Suggested Readings
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... Author:
Sarika Joshi, MD
What to Do - Gather Appropriate Data
It is important for pediatricians to recognize the signs and symptoms of
respiratory distress, as it is a common presenting complaint for children.
With a careful history and physical... Suggested Readings
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... Ralph J. DeBerardinis, MD, PhD
Sulagna C. Saitta, MD, PhD
Metabolic Diseases in Acidotic Newborns - BASICS
Metabolic Diseases in Acidotic Newborns - description
Inborn errors of metabolism are inherited defects in biochemical... Metabolic Diseases in Acidotic Newborns - DIAGNOSIS ... Metabolic Diseases in Acidotic Newborns - TREATMENT ... Metabolic Diseases in Acidotic Newborns - FOLLOW UP ... Metabolic Diseases in Acidotic Newborns - bibliography ... Metabolic Diseases in Acidotic Newborns - CODES ... Metabolic Diseases in Acidotic Newborns - FAQ
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... Ralph J. DeBerardinis, MD, PhDSulagna C. Saitta, MD, PhD Metabolic Diseases in Hyperammonemic Newborns - BASICS Metabolic Diseases in Hyperammonemic Newborns - description Inborn errors of metabolism are inherited... Metabolic Diseases in Hyperammonemic Newborns - DIAGNOSIS ... Metabolic Diseases in Hyperammonemic Newborns - TREATMENT ... Metabolic Diseases in Hyperammonemic Newborns - FOLLOW UP ... Metabolic Diseases in Hyperammonemic Newborns - bibliography ... Metabolic Diseases in Hyperammonemic Newborns - CODES ... Metabolic Diseases in Hyperammonemic Newborns - FAQ
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... Ralph J. DeBerardinis, MD, PhDSulagna C. Saitta, MD, PhD Metabolic Diseases in Hypoglycemic Newborns - BASICS Metabolic Diseases in Hypoglycemic Newborns - description Inborn errors of metabolism are inherited defects in biochemical pathways... Metabolic Diseases in Hypoglycemic Newborns - DIAGNOSIS ... Metabolic Diseases in Hypoglycemic Newborns - TREATMENT ... Metabolic Diseases in Hypoglycemic Newborns - FOLLOW UP ... Metabolic Diseases in Hypoglycemic Newborns - bibliography ... Metabolic Diseases in Hypoglycemic Newborns - CODES ... Metabolic Diseases in Hypoglycemic Newborns - FAQ
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