Causes of Neutropenia

List of causes of Neutropenia

Following is a list of causes or underlying conditions (see also Misdiagnosis of underlying causes of Neutropenia) that could possibly cause Neutropenia includes:

• Leukemia
• Bacterial infections
• Viral infections
• Certain immune disorders (see Immune symptoms)

Causes of Neutropenia (Diseases Database):

The follow list shows some of the possible medical causes of Neutropenia that are listed by the Diseases Database:

• Imatinib mesylate
• Docetaxel
• Oklahoma tick fever
• Pentamidine
• Deferiprone
• Hydroxycarbamide
• Sulphasalazine
• Isoniazid
• Ethotoin
• Valganciclovir
• Procainamide
• Caspofungin
• Clozapine
• Chediak-Higashi disease
• Mirtazapine
• Sulphonamides
• Barth syndrome
• Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1
• Griscelli syndrome type 1
• Bevacizumab
• Propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency
• Mianserin
• Alemtuzumab
• Anakinra
• Topotecan
• Isovaleric acidaemia
• Idarubicin
• Aclarubicin
• Nortriptyline
• Quinidine
• Amodiaquine
• Dipyrone
• Azathioprine
• Histiocytosis X
• Bortezomib
• Paclitaxel
• Hereditary orotic aciduria
• Cyclical neutropenia
• Fludarabine
• Strontium-89
• WHIM syndrome
• Acetophenazine
• Mercaptopurine
• Chloramphenicol
• Methylmalonic aciduria type 2
• Neuroectodermal melanolysosomal disease
• Methimazole
• Stiripentol
• Zileuton
• Pyrimethamine
• Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
• Glutathione synthase deficiency
• Antipyrine
• Aplastic anemia
• Rheumatoid disease
• Lassa fever
• Actinomycin D
• Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis
• Ethosuximide
• Phenytoin
• Gemcitabine
• Riluzole
• Pentostatin
• Ganciclovir
• Myelokathexis
• Albendazole
• Trimetrexate
• Pipothiazine
• Clofarabine
• Levomepromazine
• Trastuzumab
• Myelodysplastic syndrome
• Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
• Penicillamine
• Autoimmune neutropenia
• Ibritumomab tiuxetan
• Shwachman-Diamond syndrome
• Glycogenosis type 1b
• Cohen syndrome
• Amitriptyline
• Eflornithine
• Dengue
• Doxorubicin
• Zidovudine
• Interferon beta
• Chlorpromazine
• Irinotecan
• Dyskeratosis congenita
• Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, McKusick type
• Captopril
• Copper deficiency
• Aminopyrine
• Carbimazole
• Hypersplenism
• Remoxipride
• 5-Azacytidine
• Visceral leishmaniasis
• Interferon alpha
• Familial histiocytic reticulosis
• Dubowitz syndrome
• Reticular dysgenesis
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome
• Dothiepin
• Gold salts
• Perazine
• Cilazapril
• Cidofovir
• X-linked hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome
• Phenylbutazone
• Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2
• Mitoxantrone
• Desipramine
• Propylthiouracil
• Hairy cell leukaemia
• Flucytosine
• Gemtuzumab ozogamicin
• Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
• Ticlopidine
• Kostmann disease

Causes of Neutropenia: Online Medical Books

16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE! Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration, for more information about the causes of Neutropenia.

Neutropenia: Differential Diagnosis
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)

Extrinsic to bone marrow

• Acute infection
  –Viral (HAV, HBV, VZV, RSV, EBV)
  –Bacterial (group B strep, typhoid, TB, tularemia), fungal
  –Rickettsial (typhus, RMSF)
  –Protozoal (malaria, toxoplasmosis)
• Drug-induced
  –Penicillin, sulfonamides
  –Ibuprofen, indomethacin
  –Ranitidine, cimetidine
  –Penicillamine
  –Barbiturates, benzodiazepines
  –Phenothiazines
  –Antithyroid medications
  –Anticonvulsants
• Environmental toxins (arsenic, benzene)
• Autoimmune
• Isoimmune neonatal
• Splenic or hepatic sequestration
  –Especially with concomitant mild thrombocytopenia or anemia
• Metabolic disorders
  –Glycogen storage diseases Ib

Intrinsic to bone marrow or myeloid cell progenitors
• Chronic benign or idiopathic neutropenia
• Cyclic neutropenia (autosomal dominant)
• Marrow replacement with leukemia, lymphoma, or metastatic solid tumors
• Kostmann syndrome
  –Severe congenital neutropenia
• Hypo- or dysgammaglobulinemia
• Myelodysplastic syndrome
• Myelofibrosis
• Schwachman syndrome
• Fanconi anemia
  –May involve neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, or pancytopenia
  –Associated with absent radius, thumb abnormalities, short stature
• Cartilage-hair hypoplasia
• Dyskeratosis congenita
• Chédiak-Higashi
• Reticular dysgenesis
• Myelokathexis

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Granulocytopenia and lymphocytopenia: Causes
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Granulocytopenia may result from diminished production of granulocytes in bone marrow, increased peripheral destruction of granulocytes, or greater utilization of granulocytes. Diminished production of granulocytes in bone marrow generally stems from radiation or drug therapy; it’s a common adverse effect of antimetabolites and alkylating agents and may occur in the patient who is hypersensitive to phenothiazine, sulfonamides (and some sulfonamide derivatives), antibiotics, and antiarrhythmic drugs. Drug-induced granulocytopenia usually develops slowly and typically correlates with the dosage and duration of therapy. Production of granulocytes also decreases in conditions such as aplastic anemia and bone marrow malignancies and in some hereditary disorders (infantile genetic agranulocytosis).

The growing loss of peripheral granulocytes is due to increased splenic sequestration, diseases that destroy peripheral blood cells (viral and bacterial infections), and drugs that act as haptens (carrying antigens that attack blood cells and causing acute idiosyncratic or non-dose-related drug reactions). Infections such as infectious mononucleosis may result in granulocytopenia because of increased utilization of granulocytes.

Similarly, lymphocytopenia may result from decreased production, increased destruction, or loss of lymphocytes. Decreased production of lymphocytes may be secondary to a genetic or a thymic abnormality or to immunodeficiency disorders, such as thymic dysplasia or ataxia-telangiectasia. Increased destruction of lymphocytes may be secondary to radiation, chemotherapy, or human immunodeficiency virus infection. Loss of lymphocytes may follow postsurgical thoracic duct drainage, intestinal lymphangiectasia, or impaired intestinal lymphatic drainage (as in Whipple’s disease).

Lymphocyte depletion can also result from elevated plasma corticoid levels (due to stress, corticotropin or steroid treatment, or heart failure). Other disorders associated with lymphocyte depletion include Hodgkin’s disease, leukemia, aplastic anemia, sarcoidosis, myasthenia gravis, lupus erythematosus, protein-calorie malnutrition, renal failure, terminal cancer, tuberculosis and, in infants, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID).

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Granulocytopenia and lymphocytopenia: Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)

Granulocytopenia and lymphocytopenia have several causes.

Granulocytopenia

Granulocytopenia may result from decreased production of granulocytes in bone marrow, increased peripheral destruction of granulocytes, or greater utilization of granulocytes.

Decreased production of granulocytes in bone marrow generally stems from radiation or drug therapy; it’s a common adverse effect of antimetabolites and alkylating agents and may occur in the patient who is hypersensitive to phenothiazines, sulfonamides (and some sulfonamide derivatives such as chlorothiazide), antibiotics, or antiarrhythmic drugs.

Drug-induced granulocytopenia usually develops slowly and typically correlates with the dosage and duration of therapy. Production of granulocytes also decreases in such conditions as aplastic anemia and bone marrow cancers and in some hereditary disorders such as infantile genetic agranulocytosis.

Loss of peripheral granulocytes is due to increased splenic sequestration, diseases that destroy peripheral blood cells (viral and bacterial infections), and drugs that act as haptens (carrying antigens that attack blood cells and causing acute idiosyncratic or non-dose-related drug reactions).

Infections, such as infectious mononucleosis, may result in granulocytopenia because of increased utilization of granulocytes.

Lymphocytopenia

Similarly, lymphocytopenia may result from the decreased production, increased destruction, or loss of lymphocytes. Decreased production of lymphocytes may occur secondary to a genetic or thymic abnormality or to immunodeficiency disorders, such as ataxia-telangiectasia and thymic dysplasia. Increased destruction of lymphocytes may occur secondary to radiation therapy or chemotherapy (with alkylating agents).

Loss of lymphocytes may follow postsurgical thoracic duct drainage, intestinal lymphangiectasia, and impaired intestinal lymphatic drainage (as in Whipple’s disease). Lymphocyte depletion can also result from elevated plasma corticoid levels (due to stress, corticotropin or steroid treatment, and heart failure).

Other associated disorders include Hodgkin’s disease, leukemia, aplastic anemia, sarcoidosis, myasthenia gravis, lupus erythematosus, protein-calorie malnutrition, renal failure, terminal cancer, tuberculosis and, in infants, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID).

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Neutropenia as a complication of other conditions:

Other conditions that might have Neutropenia as a complication may, potentially, be an underlying cause of Neutropenia. Our database lists the following as having Neutropenia as a complication of that condition:

• Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome

Neutropenia as a symptom:

Conditions listing Neutropenia as a symptom may also be potential underlying causes of Neutropenia. Our database lists the following as having Neutropenia as a symptom of that condition:

• Absent corpus callosum - cataract - immunodeficiency
• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, adult
• Aggressive NK-cell leukaemia
• Athabaskan severe combined immunodeficiency
• Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome
• Bone marrow failure - neurologic abnormalities
• Bullis fever syndrome
• Chronic autoimmune neutropenia
• Chronic zinc toxicity
• Colonic atresia
• Davenport-Donlan syndrome
• Dionisi-Vici-Sabetta-Gambarara syndrome
• Epstein-Barr virus, chronic
• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 1
• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 2
• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 3
• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 4
• Hyper IgM syndrome 1
• Hyper IgM syndrome 3
• Hyper-IgM Syndrome
• Hypergammaglobulinemia
• ICF syndrome
• Idiopathic adult neutropenia
• Isoimmune neonatal neutropenia
• Large granular lymphocyte leukemia
• Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L1
• Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L2
• Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L3
• Leukemia, Myeloid, Philadelphia-Negative
• Leukemia, Myeloid, Philadelphia-Positive
• Lichstenstein syndrome
• McKusick type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia
• Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, recessive type
• Microcephalic primordial dwarfism, Toriello type
• Microcephaly - glomerulonephritis - Marfanoid habitus
• Myelokathexis syndrome
• Navajo poikiloderma
• Necrotizing enterocolitis
• Neutropenia - monocytopenia - deafness
• Neutropenia, severe congenital, X-linked
• Oculocerebral hypopigmentation syndrome, type Preus
• Organic acidemia
• Primary immunodeficiency disorders
• Revesz Debuse syndrome
• Sackey-Sakati-Aur syndrome
• Sebastian syndrome
• Shwachman syndrome
• T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
• Transcobalamin 2 deficiency
• Unusual facies, Myelodysplasia and immunodeficiency
• WHIM syndrome

Medications or substances causing Neutropenia:

The following drugs, medications, substances or toxins are some of the possible causes of Neutropenia as a symptom. This list is incomplete and various other drugs or substances may cause your symptoms. Always advise your doctor of any medications or treatments you are using, including prescription, over-the-counter, supplements, herbal or alternative treatments.

• Radiation therapy
• Chemotherapy - some types affect bone marrow production of granulocytes
• Certain antibiotics
• Certain tranquillisers
• Ceftizoxime

See full list of 12 medications causing Neutropenia

Drug interactions causing Neutropenia:

When combined, certain drugs, medications, substances or toxins may react causing Neutropenia as a symptom.

The list below is incomplete and various other drugs or substances may cause your symptoms. Always advise your doctor of any medications or treatments you are using, including prescription, over-the-counter, supplements, herbal or alternative treatments.

• Enalapril and Azathioprine interaction
• Vidarabine and Allopurinol interaction

Read more about medication causes of Neutropenia

Related information on causes of Neutropenia:

As with all medical conditions, there may be many causal factors. Further relevant information on causes of Neutropenia may be found in:

• Medications that may cause Neutropenia
• Hidden causes of Neutropenia