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Diseases » Neutropenia » Glossary

Glossary for Neutropenia

Absent corpus callosum - cataract - immunodeficiency: A rare syndrome characterized by immunodeficiency, cleft lip or palate, cataract, reduced pigmentation and brain abnormalities.
Acute erythroleukemia: A rare condition characterized by the presence of abnormal blood cells (erythroblastic precursors) in the bone marrow and blood. The condition is characterized by anemia and generally leads to the development of acute myelogenous leukemia. The acute form has more severe symptoms than the chronic form.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, adult: Cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets.
Aggressive NK-cell leukaemia: An aggressive form of blood cancer involving the rapid proliferation of natural killer (NK) cells.
Agranulocytosis: Total lack of granulocytes in the blood
Anal ulcer: The occurrence of an ulcer that is located in the anatomical location of the anus
Aplastic anemia: A blood disorder where the bone marrow produces insufficient new blood cells.
Aspartylglucosaminidase deficiency: A rare glycoprotein metabolism disorder caused by a deficiency of an enzyme called aspartylglucosaminidase. Patients tend to develop normally during the first few years of life and development continues slowly until adolescence when mental retardation becomes progressively worse.
Aspartylglucosaminuria: A rare glycoprotein metabolism disorder caused by a deficiency of an enzyme called aspartylglucosaminidase. Patients tend to develop normally during the first few years of life and development continues slowly until adolescence when mental retardation becomes progressively worse.
Aspartylglycosaminuria: A rare glycoprotein metabolism disorder caused by a deficiency of an enzyme called aspartylglucosaminidase. Patients tend to develop normally during the first few years of life and development continues slowly until adolescence when mental retardation becomes progressively worse.
Athabaskan severe combined immunodeficiency: A severe immunodeficiency disorder found in Navajo and Apache populations.
Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome: An inherited autoimmune condition characterized by proliferation of lymphocytes and autoimmunity against the body's own blood cells resulting in premature death of certain blood cells.
Bacterial diseases: Diseases caused by a bacterial infection
Barth Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder where the body's cells are unable to make sufficient energy resulting in an accumulation in the body of 3-methylglutaconic acid. Type 2 is characterized by its affects on the heart.
Bone marrow failure - neurologic abnormalities: A rare syndrome characterized by the association of bone marrow failure and neurological abnormalities.
Bullis fever syndrome: A disease transmitted through tick bites (Ambylomma americanum). Symptoms include fever, rash and headache. The disease was first observed in soldiers training at Camp Bullis in America.
Chronic autoimmune neutropenia: An autoimmune reaction where the body produces antibodies to it's own neutrophils which results in neutropenia. It is usually associated with other autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The infections that occur as a result of the neutropenia tend not to be serious.
Chronic zinc toxicity: Chronic ingestion of zinc can cause symptoms.
Cohen Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by reduced muscle tone, obesity and prominent front teeth.
Colonic atresia: A rare birth defect where the colon is obstructed at birth - the colon is not continuous but ends blindly.
Cyclic neutropenia: A rare blood disorder characterized by recurrent periods of extremely low blood levels of neutrophils which results in frequent infections. The low level usually occurs for about 7 days every 21 days. Levels of other blood components may also be affected.
Davenport-Donlan syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness, white hair, contractures and papillomas.
Dionisi-Vici-Sabetta-Gambarara syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by brain abnormality, cataract and immunodeficiency.
Dubowitz Syndrome: A rare genetic and developmental disorder characterized by infantile eczema, small stature, microcephaly and peculiar facial features.
Dyskeratosis Congenita: A rare genetic disorder characterized by sking pigmentation abnormalities, nail dystrophy and mucous membrane changes.
Epstein-Barr virus, chronic: A form of human herpes virus that produces persistent symptoms. Most people become infected with the virus at some stage in their life though they usually have few if any symptoms. However, some people develop severe symptoms as a result of an EBV infection.
Fever: Elevation of the body temperature above the normal 37 degrees celsius
Fungal infections: Any condition caused by fungus.
Granulocytopenia: Reduced number of granulocytes in the blood. Granulocytes are a type of white blood cell (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils). White blood cells help protect the body from invading pathogen and hence act as the body's defense to infection.
Hemodialysis: A treatment used to remove toxic elements from the blood
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 1: A rare recessively inherited disorder involving an overactive immune system. More specifically, the body becomes infiltrated by large numbers of histiocytes (macrophages) that accumulate in various organs such as the liver, spleen, bone marrow, skin and central nervous system. It usually only occurs in infants and young children and can be life-threatening.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 2: A rare recessively inherited disorder involving an overactive immune system. More specifically, the body becomes infiltrated by large numbers of histiocytes (macrophages) that accumulate in various organs such as the liver, spleen, bone marrow, skin and central nervous system. It usually only occurs in infants and young children. Type 2 is caused by a defect on chromosome 10q22.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 3: A rare recessively inherited disorder involving an overactive immune system. More specifically, the body becomes infiltrated by large numbers of histiocytes (macrophages) that accumulate in various organs such as the liver, spleen, bone marrow, skin and central nervous system. It usually only occurs in infants and young children. Type 3 is caused by a defect on chromosome 17q25.1.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 4: A rare recessively inherited disorder involving an overactive immune system. More specifically, the body becomes infiltrated by large numbers of histiocytes (macrophages) that accumulate in various organs such as the liver, spleen, bone marrow, skin and central nervous system. It usually only occurs in infants and young children. Type 4 is caused by a defect on chromosome 6q24.
Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: A rare infectious condition caused by infection with a type of bacteria called Ehrlichia (Anaplasma phagocytophilia) which attack granulocytes (a type of white blood cell). The infection is transmitted by the deer and American dog tick.
Hyper IgM syndrome 1: Hyper IgM syndrome is a rare inherited immunodeficiency disorder which causes frequent infections involving the ears, eyes, sinuses, lungs, skin, respiratory tract and other areas of the body. Type 1 is caused by a defect on chromosome Xq26 and tends to affects males mostly.
Hyper IgM syndrome 3: Hyper IgM syndrome is a rare inherited immunodeficiency disorder which causes frequent infections involving the ears, eyes, sinuses, lungs, skin, respiratory tract and other areas of the body. Type 3 is caused by a defect on chromosome 20q12-q13.2.
Hyper-IgM Syndrome: A rare inherited immunodeficiency disorder which causes frequent infections involving the ears, eyes, sinuses, lungs, skin, respiratory tract and other areas of the body.
Hypergammaglobulinemia: An increase in the level of any of a number of gamma globulins. This can result from conditions such as chronic bacterial infections, multiple myeloma, lymphomas, dysproteinemias, liver disease and chronic granulomatous inflammations. The exact symptoms depend on the type of gamma globulins involved and the severity of the condition.
Hypersplenism: A condition which is characterized by the exaggeration of blood degrading function of the spleen
ICF syndrome: A very rare, recessively inherited syndrome characterized mainly by a weak immune system and facial anomalies.
Idiopathic adult neutropenia: Neutropenia is a blood disorder involving abnormally low levels of neutrophils (type of white blood cell). The idiopathic adult form occurs during adulthood for no apparent reason.
Immune symptoms: Symptoms affecting the immune system
Isoimmune neonatal neutropenia: A rare disorder where the mother's body produces antibodies to fetal neutrophil antigens which can result in neonatal infections. Low neutrophil levels usually persist for 7 weeks.
Large granular lymphocyte leukemia: A form of leukemia characterized by an increased number of circulating granular lymphocytes.
Lassa fever: Infectious rat-borne West African disease.
Leukemia: Cancer of the blood cells, usually white blood cells.
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L1: Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets. There are three main subtypes (L1, L2 and L3) which are differentiated by the appearance of the cancerous cells: L1 is characterized by small, uniform cancer cells with a round nucleus and very little cytoplasm. L1 has a better prognosis than L2. L1 is the main form in children (about 85%) but is less common in adults (about 30%).
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L2: Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets. There are three main subtypes (L1, L2 and L3) which are differentiated by the appearance of the cancerous cells: L2 is characterized by larger cells, an irregular-shaped nucleus, more cytoplasm and significant variation between cells. L2 has a poorer prognosis than L1. L2 is the main form in adults (about 65%) but is less common in children (about 15%).
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L3: Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a relatively aggressive cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets. There are three main subtypes (L1, L2 and L3) which are differentiated by the appearance of the cancerous cells. L3 is quite uncommon but is very similar to Burkitt's lymphoma - in fact, they may be considered the same disease with different manifestations.
Leukemia, Myeloid, Philadelphia-Negative: Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a relatively aggressive cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets. The Philadelphia negative form of the condition is not associated with a genetic mutation. It is distinguished from the positive form by the clinical course which is initially the same but progresses to eventual bone marrow failure without a distinct increase in blast cells. Other differences include poor response to chemotherapy, lower white blood cell counts, greater monocytosis, less basophilia, lower bone marrow myeloid to erythroid ratio and increased likelihood of developing thrombocytopenia. Philadelphia negative patients also tend to be older and median survival rates tend to be poorer.
Leukemia, Myeloid, Philadelphia-Positive: Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a relatively aggressive cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets. The Philadelphia form of myeloid leukemia carries the poorest prognosis of all the different types. It involves an acquired genetic mutation which results in the production tyrosine kinase which causes too many white blood cells to be produced which results in a shortage of other blood cell types. Treatment is aimed at inhibiting the production of tyrosine kinase.
Leukoencephalopathy, arthritis, colitis, and hypogammaglobulinema: A rare condition characterized by the association of arthritis, colitis, low blood gammaglobulin levels and brain anomalies.
Lichstenstein syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by frequent infections, osteoporosis, weak bones and other bone abnormalities.
Lichtenstein syndrome: A very rare disorder characterized by the association of neutropenia, immunoglobulin deficiency, peculiar facies and bony anomalies.
Mayapple poisoning: The Mayapple is a small flowering plant which is often found growing naturally. It bears small single flowers and apple-like fruit which turns yellow when ripe. The unripe fruit and leaves contain a chemical called podophyllin which can cause poisoning if eaten. The plant is considered highly toxic and death can occur if sufficient quantities are eaten. The leaves, roots and unripe fruit are toxic but the ripe fruit is edible. The plant has been used to treat venereal warts.
McKusick type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia: A rare genetic disorder characterized by short stature, skeletal abnormalities and fine, fragile hair.
Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, recessive type: A recessively inherited skeletal disorder characterized by abnormal development of the bone metaphyses which results in short stature from birth.
Microcephalic primordial dwarfism, Toriello type: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by dwarfism, mental retardation and other anomalies.
Microcephaly - glomerulonephritis - Marfanoid habitus: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head, kidney disorder and a and a tall, slight build.
Mouth ulcers: Ulcers in the mouth membranes or oral areas
Myelokathexis syndrome: A very rare disease involving chronic moderate neutropenia. The disease process is not well understood but appears to involve the retention of abnormal mature neutrophils in the bone marrow.
Myelpathic anemia: Myelopathic anemia is a form of anemia resulting from the development of abnormal tissue in the bone marrow - usually metastatic cancers. It is characterized by abnormal number of immature blood cells in the blood.
Navajo poikiloderma: A rare genetic blood disorder found in Navajo populations and characterized by a progressive skin disorder and neutropenia (lack of neutrophils which are needed to fight bacterial infections).
Necrotizing enterocolitis: A rare disease that is tends to occur in premature infants and involves inflammation and destruction of gastrointestinal tissue. It usually occurs within weeks of birth - often after the start of milk feeding. The condition can be extremely serious and even fatal.
Neutropenia - monocytopenia - deafness: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness and a blood disorder.
Neutropenia, severe congenital, X-linked: A rare inherited immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by severe neutropenia at birth or soon after and recurring bacterial infections. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner and those only males suffer the full extent of the symptoms with female carriers being asymptomatic or only suffering mild symptoms.
Nosocomial infections: Any infection that originates in a hospital
Oculocerebral hypopigmentation syndrome, type Preus: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by eye, brain and pigmentation abnormalities.
Organic acidemia: High blood levels of organic acids which is caused by abnormal protein metabolism. Maple syrup urine disease and propionic academia are examples of organic acidemias. Deficiency of certain metabolic enzymes one of the main causes of organic academia.
Pearson's anemia: Pearson's anemia is a rare progressive condition characterized by abnormal pancreatic functioning and sideroblastic anemia. Diagnosis usually occurs within the first 7 years of life and death in infancy is common.
Pneumonia: Infection of the lung by bacteria, viruses or fungus.
Primary immunodeficiency disorders: A defective immune system not caused by a disease or virus but rather due to a genetic mutation. Many different cells in the body are involved in the body's immune system and thus there are over 100 different primary immunodeficiency disorders. B cells, T cells, natural killer cells and phagocytic cells are some of the cells that make up the immune system. Symptoms can range from mild to severe. Primary immunodeficiencies may occur on their own or as part of a syndrome.
Reduced immune response: A reduced ability of the body to launch an immune response
Retinopathy - anaemia- CNS anomalies: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by disease of the eye retinas, anemia and central nervous system anomalies.
Revesz Debuse syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by disease of the eye retinas, anemia and central nervous system anomalies.
Revesz Syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by disease of the eye retinas, anemia and central nervous system anomalies.
Sackey-Sakati-Aur syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a blood disorder and various congenital anomalies such as short stature and a thumb abnormality.
Sebastian syndrome: A rare blood disorder characterized mainly by the presence of large blood platelets.
Septicemia: A systemic inflammatory response to an infection.
Shwachman syndrome: A rare disorder where a pancreatic defect impairs digestive enzyme production and malfunction of the bone marrow produces blood abnormalities, particularly blood cells involved with fighting infection. These defects produce a range of symptoms as a result of malabsorption and poor ability to fight infections. Characterized by a lack of digestive enzymes and low immunity due to low leukocyte level.
Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome:
Sore throat: Discomfort in the throat or with swallowing
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Cancer of particular white blood cells called T-cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets.
Transcobalamin 2 deficiency: A rare genetic syndrome involving a lack of transcobalamin 2 which is needed to transport vitamin B12 to various parts of the body.
Unusual facies, Myelodysplasia and immunodeficiency: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by an unusual facial appearance, myelodysplasia and immunodeficiency.
Viral diseases: Any disease that is caused by a virus
Visceral leishmaniasis: A condition which is characterized by an infection of the viscera by leishmaniasis
Vitamin B12 Deficiency: A deficiency of Vitamin B12 primarily causes anemias the body is unable to make sufficient quantities of normal red blood cells. Severe cases can lead to permanent nervous system problems. The vitamin B12 deficiency can result from absorption problems, insufficient dietary intake, certain medications (e.g. metformin), inherited conditions (e.g. transcobalamin deficiency) and certain chronic parasitic intestinal infestations.
WHIM syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by warts, hypogammaglobulinemia (low blood gammaglobulin levels), recurring bacterial infections and myelokathexis (form of neutropenia). It is a form of immunodeficiency disease caused by a mutation in a chemokine receptor.