Prevalence and Incidence of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: Rare Disease
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of
Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health
(NIH). This means that Noise-Induced Hearing Loss, or a subtype of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss,
affects less than 200,000 people in the US population.
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Prevalence: Book Excerpts
Prevalence/Incidence of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.
Hearing loss:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Congenital hearing loss may be transmitted as a dominant, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or sex-linked recessive trait. Hearing loss in neonates may also result from trauma, toxicity, or infection during pregnancy or delivery. Predisposing factors include a family history of hearing loss or known hereditary disorders (otosclerosis, for example), maternal exposure to rubella or syphilis during pregnancy, use of ototoxic drugs during pregnancy, prolonged fetal anoxia during delivery, and congenital abnormalities of the ears, nose, or throat. Premature or low-birth-weight neonates are most likely to have structural or functional hearing impairment; those with serum bilirubin levels above 20 mg/dl also risk hearing impairment from the toxic effect of high serum bilirubin levels on the brain. In addition, trauma during delivery may cause intracranial hemorrhage and may damage the cochlea or the acoustic nerve.
Sudden deafness refers to sudden hearing loss in a person with no prior hearing impairment. This condition is considered a medical emergency because prompt treatment may restore full hearing. Its causes and predisposing factors may include:
❑ acute infections, especially mumps (most common cause of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss in children), and other bacterial and viral infections, such as rubella, rubeola, influenza, herpes zoster, and infectious mononucleosis; and mycoplasma infections
❑ blood dyscrasias (leukemia, hypercoagulation)
❑ head trauma or brain tumors
❑ metabolic disorders (diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hyperlipoproteinemia)
❑ neurologic disorders (multiple sclerosis, neurosyphilis)
❑ ototoxic drugs (tobramycin, streptomycin, quinine, gentamicin, furosemide, ethacrynic acid)
❑ vascular disorders (hypertension, arteriosclerosis).
Noise-induced hearing loss, which may be transient or permanent, may follow prolonged exposure to loud noise (85 to 90 dB) or brief exposure to extremely loud noise (greater than 90 dB). Such hearing loss is common in workers subjected to constant industrial noise and in military personnel, hunters, and rock musicians.
Presbycusis, an otologic effect of aging, results from a loss of hair cells in the organ of Corti. This disorder causes progressive, symmetrical, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, usually of high-frequency tones.
Minor decreases in hearing are common after age 20. Some deafness due to nerve damage occurs in one of every five people by age 55.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Rape trauma syndrome:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Rape isn’t primarily about sex. It’s a violent crime linked to feelings of rage or hatred in the assailant. Some of the cultural, sociological, and psychological factors that contribute to rape are increased exposure to sex, permissiveness, cynicism about relationships, feelings of anger, and powerlessness amid social pressures. Many rapists have feelings of violence or hatred toward women or sexual problems, such as impotence or premature ejaculation. They may feel socially isolated and be unable to form warm, loving relationships. Some rapists may be psychopaths who need violence for physical pleasure, no matter how it affects their victims; others rape to satisfy a need for power. Some were abused as children.
In the United States, a rape is reported every 6 to 7 minutes. The incidence of reported rape is highest in large cities and continues to rise. However, many rapes — possibly even most — are never reported.
Known victims of rape range in age from 2 months to 97 years. The age group most affected is 10- to 19-year-olds; the average victim’s age is 13½". About one in seven reported rapes involves a prepubertal child; most of these cases involve manual, oral, or genital contact with the child’s genitals by a member of the child’s family. More than 50% of rapes occur in the home; about one-third of these involve a male intruder who forces his way into a home. In about half the cases, the victim has some casual acquaintance with the attacker. Most rapists are between ages 25 and 44 and have planned the attack. Alcohol is involved in one-third of cases.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
About prevalence and incidence statistics:
The term 'prevalence' of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss usually refers to the estimated population
of people who are managing Noise-Induced Hearing Loss at any given time.
The term 'incidence' of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss refers to the annual diagnosis rate,
or the number of new cases of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss diagnosed each year.
Hence, these two statistics types can differ:
a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence,
but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence.
For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
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