Diagnosis of Non-Specific Urethritis
Diagnostic Test list for Non-Specific Urethritis:
The list of medical tests
mentioned in various sources as
used in the diagnosis of Non-Specific Urethritis
includes:
Non-Specific Urethritis Diagnosis: Book Excerpts
Diagnostic Tests for Non-Specific Urethritis: Online Medical Books
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URETHRAL DISCHARGE:
Approach to the Diagnosis
(Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care)
The association of other symptoms and signs is helpful in narrowing the list of possibilities. The discharge of acute urethritis is usually associated with severe pain on micturation whereas the discharge of prostatitis is often not. The discharge of chronic prostatitis is usually painless and occurs most frequently on arising. Urethral caruncles, papillomas, and carcinomas frequently have a bloody discharge, at least intermittently. On examination, the physician can detect induration of a urethral chancre and the erythema of a balanitis is obvious when the prepuce is retracted. The presence of arthritis or conjunctivitis makes Reiter syndrome a distinct possibility, although gonorrhea may do the same. The boggy prostate of prostatitis and the increase of the discharge on massage will assist greatly in this diagnosis.
In the laboratory, a smear and culture are axiomatic in diagnosis, and one must massage the prostate and milk the urethra if little discharge is found on simple inspection. After massaging the prostate, the first portion of a voided specimen should be examined, smeared, and cultured if no discharge is apparent. Culture for Chlamydia if routine cultures are negative. Cystoscopy and cystograms may be necessary, but the indications for these will be at the discretion of the urologist, who should be consulted if routine treatment is ineffective.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care, 2007
Urethral discharge:
History and physical examination
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
Ask the patient when he first noticed the discharge, and have him describe its color, consistency, and quantity. Does he experience pain or burning on urination? Does he have difficulty initiating a urine stream? Does he experience urinary frequency? Ask the patient about other associated signs and symptoms, such as fever, chills, and perineal fullness. Explore his history for prostate problems, sexually transmitted disease, or urinary tract infection. Ask the patient if he has had recent sexual contacts or a new sexual partner.
Inspect the patient’s urethral meatus for inflammation and swelling. Using proper technique, obtain a culture specimen. (See Collecting a urethral discharge specimen.) Then obtain a urine sample for urinalysis, culture, and possibly a three-glass urine sample. (See Performing the three-glass urine test, page 608.) In the male patient, the prostate gland may have to be palpated.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Urethral discharge:
History and physical examination
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
Ask the patient when he first noticed the discharge, and have him describe its color, consistency, and quantity. Does he experience pain or burning on urination? Does he have difficulty initiating a urine stream? Does he experience urinary frequency? Ask the patient about other associated signs and symptoms, such as fever, chills, and perineal fullness. Explore his history for prostate problems, sexually transmitted disease, or urinary tract infection. Ask the patient if he has had recent sexual contacts or a new sexual partner.
Inspect the patient’s urethral meatus for inflammation and swelling. Using proper technique, obtain a culture specimen. (See Collecting a urethral discharge specimen, page 778.) Then obtain a urine specimen for urinalysis, culture and, possibly,, a three-glass urine test. (See How to perform the three-glass urine test.) Palpation of the male patient’s prostate gland may be necessary.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Urethral Discharge:
History
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
A detailed medical history is essential for the evaluation of UD. The essential symptoms addressed at the time of interview are (a) dysuria, (b) urethral discharge, (c) itching at the urethra, (d) hematuria, (e) rectal symptoms, (f) contact with infectious agents, and (g) sexual history. The characteristics of UD are noted in relation to color, quantity, odor, consistency, frequency, and relationship to urination. Profuse, yellowish UD occurring 3 to 7 days after sexual exposure is characteristic of GC. GC infection is more common in men than in women. In 1997, 324,901 cases of gonorrhea were reported to the Centers for Disease Control, with a case rate of 122/100,000 (1). Clear to white, scanty, or mucopurulent UD (23% to 55%) that develops gradually at least a week after exposure, with waxing and waning in intensity, suggests chlamydial infection. This is the most common sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the United States, with 3 million new cases occurring annually (2). As many as 85% of women with chlamydial infections and 40% of infected men are asymptomatic (3). Sexual history should include sexual behaviors, condom usage, number of sexual partners, recent sexual contacts, and the orifices used for sexual contacts. Consistent usage of condoms prevents sexually transmitted urethritis. Oral sex increases UD from oral flora infections.
Physical examination
A. Focused physical examination (PE) should include vital signs, and urologic and rectal examination. In men, this should include examination of the penis, perimeatal region (for evidence of erythema), urethral meatus, scrotum, testicles, epididymis, prostate, and perianal and inguinal region. Stains present on the patient’s underwear may indicate the characteristics of the discharge, which is particularly useful in a patient who has urinated shortly before examination. Recent micturition can eliminate much inflammatory discharge. Sometimes it is necessary to examine the patient in the morning before voiding to enhance the diagnosis. Perform a complete gynecologic and urologic examination in women.
B. Abdomen. Completely examine the abdomen to rule out intraabdominal pathology, including masses and inflammation, obstruction, or distention of organs.
C. Additional physical examination should include the skin and other systems, as needed. If a patient is suspected of gonococcal infection, it may be essential to check the patient’s joints, skin, throat, eye and other organs.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter, 2000
Urethral discharge:
History
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
Ask the patient when he first noticed the discharge, and have him describe its color, consistency, and quantity. Does he experience pain or burning on urination? Does he have difficulty initiating a urine stream? Does he experience urinary frequency? Ask the patient about other associated signs and symptoms, such as fever, chills, and perineal fullness. Explore his history for prostate problems, sexually transmitted disease, or urinary tract infection. Ask the patient if he has had recent sexual contacts or a new sexual partner.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Urethral discharge:
History and physical examination
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
Ask the patient when he first noticed the discharge, and have him describe its color, consistency, and quantity. Does he experience pain or burning on urination? Does he have difficulty initiating a urine stream? Does he experience urinary frequency? Ask the patient about other associated signs and symptoms, such as fever, chills, and perineal fullness. Explore his history for prostate problems, sexually transmitted disease, or urinary tract infection. Ask the patient if he has had recent sexual contacts or a new sexual partner. Obtain a complete drug history.
Inspect the patient's urethral meatus for inflammation and swelling. Using proper technique, obtain a culture specimen. (See Collecting a urethral discharge specimen.) Then obtain a urine specimen for urinalysis, culture, and possibly a three-glass urine specimen. (See Performing the three-glass urine test, page 613.) In the male patient, the prostate gland may have to be palpated.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
URETHRAL DISCHARGE:
Approach to the Diagnosis
(Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care)
The association of other symptoms and signs is helpful in narrowing the
list of possibilities. The discharge of acute urethritis is usually
associated with severe pain on micturation, whereas the discharge of prostatitis is often not. The discharge of
chronic prostatitis is usually painless and occurs most frequently on
arising. Urethral caruncles, papillomas, and carcinomas frequently have a
bloody discharge, at least intermittently. On examination, the physician can
detect induration of a urethral chancre, and the erythema of a balanitis is
obvious when the prepuce is retracted. The presence of arthritis or
conjunctivitis makes Reiter syndrome a distinct possibility, although
gonorrhea may do the same. The boggy prostate of prostatitis and the
increase of the discharge on massage will assist greatly in this diagnosis.
In the laboratory, a smear and culture are axiomatic in diagnosis, and one
must massage the prostate and milk the urethra if little discharge is found
on simple inspection. After massaging the prostate, the first portion of a
voided specimen should be examined, smeared, and cultured if no discharge is
apparent. Culture for Chlamydia if routine cultures are negative. Cystoscopy and
cystograms may be necessary, but the indications for these will be at the
discretion of the urologist, who should be consulted if routine treatment is
ineffective.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care, 2007
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