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Is it unilateral or bilateral? Unilateral nasal discharge, especially if it is purulent, suggests acute sinusitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, neoplasm, foreign body, and syphilis. If the discharge is clear ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is it acute or chronic? The presence of acute nasal obstruction should suggest acute sinusitis, acute rhinitis, a viral URI, allergic rhinitis, nasal diphtheria, cluster headache, migraine, foreign body, and trauma. The presence of chronic nasal ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Are there structural abnormalities on examination of the nasopharynx? Structural abnormalities of the palate indicate cleft palate, congenital short soft palate, trauma, tuberculosis, syphilis, carcinoma, leprosy, and ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Nasal congestion is a common complaint in primary care. Although usually a sequela of an upper respiratory infection, it can also be a sign of acute or chronic illness. Regardless of its cause, the successful management of nasal congestion often significantly improves patients’... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea in children, unlike in adults, generally cannot be distinguished from each other. In children it is often difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish rhinitis from sinusitis, hence the phrase “rhinosinusitis.&... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Most bleeding arises from the rich network of blood vessels of Kisselbach plexus in Little area of the anterior nasal septum. Most epistaxis resolves spontaneously or after a few minutes of pressure (nasal pinching). For the vast majority of cases, no medical attention is sought.
... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... Although anatomy may assist somewhat in developing the differential here, it is probably an unnecessary exercise because the mnemonic MINT will bring to mind virtually all the etiologies.
M—Malformation reminds one of
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... With nasal discharge (rhinorrhea and postnasal drip), anatomy is the key. In visualizing the structure from outside in, one encounters the external nares, the choana with the turbinates, the maxillary, ethmoid, frontal and sphenoid sinuses, and the
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... The presence of a butterfly rash is typically a sign of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but it can also signal dermatologic disorders. Typically, butterfly rash appears in a malar distribution across the nose and cheeks. (See Recognizing butterfly rash,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Nasal flaring is the abnormal dilation of the nostrils. Usually occurring during inspiration, nasal flaring may occasionally occur during expiration or throughout the respiratory cycle. It indicates respiratory dysfunction, ranging from mild difficulty to potentially life-threatening... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... The most common facial fracture, a fractured nose usually results from blunt injury and may be associated with other facial fractures. The fracture’s severity depends on the direction, force, and type of the blow. A severe, comminuted fracture may cause extreme swelling or bleeding that... Signs and symptoms
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... Ear, nose, and throat disorders rarely prove fatal (except for those resulting from neoplasms, epiglottitis, and neck trauma), but they may cause serious social, cosmetic, and communication problems. Untreated hearing loss or deafness can drastically impair ability to interact... The ear ... Assessment ... Audiometric testing ... The nose ... Assessment ... The throat ... Assessment ... Pictures
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... A papilloma is a benign epithelial tissue overgrowth within the intranasal mucosa. Inverted papillomas grow into the underlying tissue, usually at the junction of the antrum and the maxillary sinus; they generally occur singly but sometimes are associated... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Benign and edematous growths, nasal polyps are usually multiple, mobile, and bilateral. Nasal polyps may become large and numerous enough to cause nasal distention and enlargement of the bony framework, possibly occluding the airway. ... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... A butterfly rash is typically a sign of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but it can also signal dermatologic disorders. Typically, this rash appears in a malar distribution across the nose and cheeks. (See Recognizing butterfly rash.) Similar rashes may appear on... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Nasal flaring is the abnormal dilation of the nostrils. Usually occurring during inspiration, nasal flaring may occasionally occur during expiration or throughout the respiratory cycle. It indicates respiratory dysfunction, ranging from mild... Emergency Interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Nasal obstruction may result from an allergic, inflammatory, neoplastic, endocrine, or metabolic disorder; a structural abnormality; a traumatic injury; or a mechanical obstruction (foreign objects). It may cause discomfort, alter a person’s sense of taste and smell, and... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling
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... Douglas G. Browning and Stephen H. Keiser
Nosebleed, or epistaxis, is a common otolaryngologic problem, with 15/10,000 persons requiring physician care annually for this problem, and 1.6/10,000 requiring admission to the... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Differential Overview
❑ Common cold
❑ Allergic rhinitis
❑ Vasomotor rhinitis
❑ Nasal polyp
... Clinical Findings
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... The most common facial fracture, a fractured nose usually results from blunt injury and is commonly associated with other facial fractures. The severity of the fracture depends on the direction, force, and type of the blow.
A severe, comminuted... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... A papilloma is a benign epithelial tissue overgrowth within the intranasal mucosa. Inverted papillomas grow into the underlying tissue, usuallyat the junction of the antrum and the ethmoidal sinus; they generally occur singly but in 5% to 10% of cases are... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Benign and edematous growths, nasal polyps are usually multiple, mobile, and bilateral. Nasal polyps may become large and numerous enough to cause nasal distention and enlargement of the bony framework, possibly occluding the airway. They’re more common in adults than in children and... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... A common sign, epistaxis can be spontaneous or induced from the front or back of the nose. Most nosebleeds occur in the anterior-inferior nasal septum (Kiesselbach’s plexus), but they may also occur at the point where the inferior... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... The presence of a butterfly rash is typically a sign of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but it can also signal dermatologic disorders. Generally, butterfly rash appears in a malar distribution across the nose and cheeks. (See Recognizing butterfly rash.) Similar rashes may... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Nasal obstruction may result from an allergic, inflammatory, neoplastic, endocrine, or metabolic disorder; a structural abnormality; a traumatic injury; or a mechanical obstruction (foreign objects). It may cause discomfort, alter a person... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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...Nasal discharge in children is an everydayevent in pediatric practice. Principal Causes of Nasal Discharge Anatomic Choanalatresia /stenosis Adenoid hypertrophy Rhinitis Infectious Viral ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... The presence of a butterfly rash is typically a sign of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but it can also signal a dermatologic disorder. Typically, butterfly rash appears in a malar distribution across the nose and cheeks. (See Recognizing butterfly... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Nasal flaring is the abnormal dilation of the nostrils. Usually occurring during inspiration, nasal flaring may occasionally occur during expiration or throughout the respiratory cycle. It indicates respiratory dysfunction, ranging from mild difficulty to... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
With nasal discharge (rhinorrhea and postnasal drip), anatomy
is the key. In visualizing the structure from outside in, one encounters the
external nares, the choana with the turbinates, the maxillary, ethmoid,
frontal and sphenoid sinuses, and... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Although anatomy may assist somewhat in developing the differential
here, it is probably an unnecessary exercise because the mnemonic
MINT will bring to mind virtually all the etiologies.
M—Malformation
... READ EXCERPTS »
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