Treatments for Nystagmus
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Hospital statistics for Nystagmus:
These medical statistics relate to hospitals, hospitalization and Nystagmus:
- 0.002% (218) of hospital consultant episodes were for nystagmus and other irregular eye movements in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 91% of hospital consultant episodes for nystagmus and other irregular eye movements required hospital admission in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 57% of hospital consultant episodes for nystagmus and other irregular eye movements were for men in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 43% of hospital consultant episodes for nystagmus and other irregular eye movements were for women in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 39% of hospital consultant episodes for nystagmus and other irregular eye movements required emergency hospital admission in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
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Book Excerpts: Treatment of Nystagmus
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Nystagmus:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
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Treat the underlying etiology if possible
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Remove offending medications/toxins if possible
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Medications to treat the nystagmus (e.g., meclizine for BPV) have varying success
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BPV: Otolith repositioning maneuvers (Epley's, Semont's)
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Botulinum toxin injection to the appropriate extraocular muscles may be used for severe disabling nystagmus
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Congenital nystagmus: Maximize vision by refractive lenses, treat amblyopia (“lazy eye”) if indicated, prism, and/or eye muscle surgery
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Vestibular: Vestibular suppressant (meclizine, diazepam), vestibular adaptation exercises
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Baclofen may be useful in periodic alternating nystagmus and some congenital nystagmus
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Clonazepam for downbeat nystagmus
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Nystagmus:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
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Normal and hereditary nystagmus do not require treatment, only reassurance
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Visual impairment: Nystagmus is diminished with optimization of visual acuity
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Spasmus mutans does not itself require treatment; evaluation for intracranial mass is essential
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Arnold-Chiari malformation: Surgical correction
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Acute cerebellar ataxia: Ataxia, nystagmus, and vomiting follow a viral illness; may represent an autoimmune response; slow spontaneous recovery is the norm, some patients have neurologic sequelae
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Septo-optic dysplasia: Nystagmus is not treatable; patients require support for associated disease
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Toxicity: Adjustment of medication levels, lead decontamination, avoidance of alcohol
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Eye pain:
Emergency interventions
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
If the patient's eye pain results from a chemical burn, remove contact lenses, if present, and irrigate the eye with at least 1 L of normal saline solution over 10 minutes. Evert the lids and wipe the fornices with a cotton-tipped applicator to remove any particles or chemicals. Eye pain from acute angle-closure glaucoma is an ocular emergency requiring immediate intervention to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP). If drug treatment doesn't reduce IOP, the patient will need laser iridotomy or surgical peripheral iridectomy to save his vision.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Ocular deviation:
Emergency interventions
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
If the patient displays ocular deviation, take his vital signs immediately and assess him for an altered level of consciousness (LOC), pupil changes, motor or sensory dysfunction, and a severe headache. If possible, ask the patient’s family about behavioral changes. Is there a history of recent head trauma? Respiratory support may be necessary. Also, prepare the patient for emergency neurologic tests such as a computed tomography (CT) scan.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Ocular deviation:
Emergency Interventions
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
If the patient displays ocular deviation, take his vital signs immediately and assess him for altered level of consciousness (LOC), pupil changes, motor or sensory dysfunction, and severe headache. If possible, ask the patient’s family about behavioral changes. Is there a history of recent head trauma? Respiratory support may be necessary. Also, prepare the patient for emergency neurologic tests such as a computed tomography scan.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Eye pain [Ophthalmalgia]:
Emergency interventions
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
If the patient’s eye pain results from a chemical burn, remove contact lenses (if present) and irrigate the eye with at least 1 L of normal saline solution over 10 minutes. Evert the lids and wipe the fornices with a cotton-tipped applicator to remove any particles or chemicals. Eye pain from acute angle-closure glaucoma is an ocular emergency requiring immediate intervention to decrease intraocular pressure (IOP). If drug treatment doesn’t reduce IOP, the patient will need laser iridotomy or surgical peripheral iridectomy to save his vision.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Eye pain:
Nursing considerations
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
To help ease eye pain, have the patient lie down in a darkened, quiet environment and close his eyes. Prepare him for diagnostic studies, including tonometry and orbital X-rays. Prepare to irrigate the eye, as ordered.
Patient teaching
Tell the patient that it’s important to seek medical help for eye pain and stress the importance of meticulous compliance with drug therapy to prevent an increase in IOP.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series, 2007
Ocular deviation:
Nursing considerations
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
Continue to monitor the patient’s vital signs and neurologic status if you suspect an acute neurologic disorder. Take seizure precautions, if necessary. Also, prepare the patient for diagnostic tests, such as blood studies, orbital and skull X-rays, and a CT scan. If the source of the condition is related to trauma, the eye may require a protective covering until treatment is initiated. (See Protective eye covering.)
Patient teaching
Inform the patient and his family about the disorder and its treatment. Explain changes in LOC that should be reported. Provide information related to maintaining a safe environment. Teach techniques to reduce environmental and situational stress. Discuss the importance of follow-up care with a specialist.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series, 2007
Eye pain:
Emergency Actions
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
If the patient’s eye pain results from a chemical burn, remove contact lenses, if present, and irrigate the eye with at least 1 L of normal saline solution over 10 minutes. Evert the lids and wipe the fornices with a cotton-tipped applicator to remove any particles or chemicals. Eye pain from acute angle-closure glaucoma is an ocular emergency requiring immediate intervention to decrease intraocular pressure (IOP). If drug treatment doesn’t reduce IOP, the patient needs laser iridotomy or surgical peripheral iridectomy to save vision.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Ocular deviation:
Emergency Actions
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
If the patient displays ocular deviation, take his vital signs immediately and assess him for altered level of consciousness (LOC), pupil changes, motor or sensory dysfunction, and severe headache. If possible, ask the patient’s family about behavioral changes. Is there a history of recent head trauma? Respiratory support may be necessary. Also, prepare the patient for emergency neurologic tests such as a computed tomography scan.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Nystagmus:
Patient counseling
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
Reinforce the need for safety measures to the patient and his family. Make sure the call bell is within reach and that the patient knows how and when to use it. Instruct the patient to avoid sudden position changes.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Ocular deviation:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Monitor the patient's vital signs and neurologic status if you suspect an acute neurologic disorder.
▪ Take seizure precautions, if necessary.
▪ Prepare the patient for diagnostic tests, such as blood studies, orbital and skull X-rays, and a CT scan.
Patient teaching
▪ Explain the disorder and its treatment.
▪ Discuss with the patient and his family changes in LOC that need to be reported.
▪ Talk about how to maintain a safe environment.
▪ Teach ways of reducing environmental stress.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Nystagmus:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Prepare the patient for diagnostic tests, such as electronystagmography and a cerebral computed tomography scan.
▪ Provide for the patient's safety.
Patient teaching
▪ Instruct the patient about safety measures.
▪ Tell the patient to avoid sudden position changes.
▪ Explain the cause of the nystagmus and the treatment plan.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Eye pain [Ophthalmalgia]:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ To help ease eye pain, have the patient lie down in a darkened, quiet environment and close his eyes.
▪ Prepare the patient for diagnostic studies, including tonometry and orbital X-rays.
Patient teaching
▪ Stress the importance of following instructions for drug therapy.
▪ Teach the patient about ways to protect the eyes.
▪ Tell that the patient that he should seek medical attention for any eye pain.
▪ Explain the underlying cause of the patient's eye pain and its treatment.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
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