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Some factors associated with male infertility include:
❑ varicocele, a mass of dilated and tortuous varicose veins in the spermatic cord
❑ semen disorders, such as volume or motility disturbances and inadequate sperm density
❑ proliferation of abnormal or immature sperm, with variations in the head’s size and shape
❑ systemic disease, such as diabetes mellitus, neoplasms, hepatic and renal diseases, and viral disturbances, especially mumps-related orchitis
❑ genital infections, such as gonorrhea, tuberculosis, and herpes
❑ disorders of the testes, such as cryptorchidism, Sertoli-cell-only syndrome, and ductal obstruction (caused by absence or ligation of vas deferens or infection)
❑ genetic defects, such as Klinefelter’s and Reifenstein’s syndromes
❑ immunologic disorders, such as autoimmune infertility and allergic orchitis
❑ endocrine imbalances that disrupt pituitary gonadotropins, inhibiting spermatogenesis, testosterone production, or both (as in Kallmann’s syndrome, panhypopituitarism, hypothyroidism, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia)
❑ chemicals and drugs that can inhibit gonadotropins or interfere with spermatogenesis, such as arsenic, methotrexate, medroxyprogesterone, nitrofurantoin, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and some antihypertensives
❑ sexual problems, such as erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory incompetence, and low libido.
Age, occupation, and traumatic injury to the testes can also contribute to male infertility. Approximately 30% to 40% of infertility problems in the United States are attributed to the male.
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
The term 'prevalence' of Oligospermia usually refers to the estimated population of people who are managing Oligospermia at any given time. The term 'incidence' of Oligospermia refers to the annual diagnosis rate, or the number of new cases of Oligospermia diagnosed each year. Hence, these two statistics types can differ: a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence, but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence. For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
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