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Is the anxiety intermittent or constant? Intermittent anxiety suggests the possibility of psychomotor epilepsy, a pheochromocytoma, or insulinoma. It is also possible that the patient is suffering from an intermittent ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is the chest pain acute or chronic? If it is acute, one must consider acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, pericarditis, and fractures. If the chest pain is chronic, one must ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there loss of consciousness? If there is loss of consciousness, the differential diagnosis for syncope should be considered.
Are there other neurologic signs and symptoms? Focal neurologic signs and symptoms should ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Anxiety includes symptoms of physiologic arousal (e.g., autonomic hyperactivity, increased motor tension) and psychological arousal (e.g., excessive worry, increased vigilance). It may present as a primary psychiatric condition or secondary to a broad variety... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Although most cases of chest pain are due to benign etiologies, such as gastroesophageal reflux or a muscle strain, life-threatening etiologies must be assessed and treated immediately if present. There are five primary etiologies of acute, life... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Chest pain is a frequent complaint in pediatrics, especially in the adolescent age group. Although rarely cardiac in etiology, this often represents the patient's/family's greatest fear. A careful history and physical exam, with attention to the needs of the patient/family... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... Hardly a day goes by in a busy practitioner’s office that he or she is not confronted with a patient complaining of chest pain. The main concern, of course, is to exclude an acute myocardial infarction, which is not an easy task in many cases. The practitioner
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... It is simple enough to administer a sedative and refer the emotionally distressed patient to a psychiatrist, but the astute diagnostician will want to rule out an organic disease first. Almost every endocrine disease is associated with emotional disturbances, all of which are
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... In drop attacks, the patient, usually elderly, experiences the sudden giving away of his or her legs and falling to the floor without loss of consciousness. The fact that the patient remains conscious distinguishes drop attacks from syncope or the vasovagal
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... Agitation refers to a state of hyperarousal, increased tension, and irritability that can lead to confusion, hyperactivity, and overt hostility. Agitation can result from a toxic (poisons), metabolic, or infectious cause; brain injury; or a psychiatric disorder. It can also... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations
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... Anxiety is the most common psychiatric symptom and can result in significant impairment. A subjective reaction to a real or imagined threat, anxiety is a nonspecific feeling of uneasiness or dread. It may be mild, moderate, or severe. Mild anxiety may cause slight... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations
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... Chest pain usually results from disorders that affect thoracic or abdominal organs — the heart, pleurae, lungs, esophagus, rib cage, gallbladder, pancreas, or stomach. An important indicator of several acute and life-threatening cardiopulmonary and GI disorders, chest... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Clammy skin — moist, cool, and usually pale — is a sympathetic response to stress, which triggers release of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones cause cutaneous vasoconstriction and secretion of cold sweat from eccrine glands, particularly on the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Skin and subcutaneous lesions [including adiposis dolorosa, thrombophlebitis of thoracoepigastric vein (Mondor's disease)]
Breast lesions
Fibroadenosis
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... Anxiety is a feeling of apprehension that some describe as an exaggerated feeling of impending doom, dread, or uneasiness. Unlike fear — a reaction to danger from a specific external source — anxiety is a reaction to an internal threat, such as an unacceptable impulse or a... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Characterized by recurrent episodes of intense apprehension, terror, and impending doom, panic disorder represents anxiety in its most severe form. Initially unpredictable, panic attacks may become associated with specific situations or tasks. The disorder commonly exists... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Agitation refers to a state of hyperarousal, increased tension, and irritability that can lead to confusion, hyperactivity, and overt hostility. Agitation can result from a toxic (poisons), metabolic, or infectious cause; brain injury; and psychiatric... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
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... Anxiety is the most common psychiatric symptom and can result in significant impairment. A subjective reaction to a real or imagined threat, anxiety is a nonspecific feeling of uneasiness or dread. It may be mild, moderate, or severe. Mild anxiety may cause slight physical... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
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... Chest pain usually results from disorders that affect thoracic or abdominal organs—the heart, pleurae, lungs, esophagus, rib cage, gallbladder, pancreas, or stomach. An important indicator of several acute and life-threatening cardiopulmonary and GI disorders, chest pain can... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Clammy skin—moist, cool, and usually pale—is a sympathetic response to stress, which triggers release of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones cause cutaneous vasoconstriction and secretion of cold sweat from eccrine glands, particularly... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Thomas L. Campbell
Anxiety disorders, which are among the most common problems seen in primary care, occur in approximately 10% of patients. Anxiety disorders are associated with significant impairments in physical and emotional health,... Approach. ... History. ... Physical examination. ... Testing. ... Diagnostic assessment. ... Pictures
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... Jim Nuovo
Atypical chest pain is defined as pain that does not have a characteristic anginal quality (heaviness or squeezing sensation), precipitating factors (e.g., exertion), or location (substernal and radiating).
Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Marie K. Yamamotoya
Substernal chest pain requires a rapid and accurate assessment to identify potentially life-threatening events. Substernal chest pain of cardiac origin encompasses the entire clinical spectrum from typical angina... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Differential Overview
❑ Situational/characterologic
❑ Post-traumatic stress disorder
❑ Drugs/withdrawal
❑ Generalized... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
❑ Chest wall pain
❑ Angina
❑ Unstable angina
❑ Myocardial infarction ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Costochondritis
❑ Pneumonia
❑ Rib fracture
❑ Pulmonary embolism
❑ Pleurisy
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Anxiety is a feeling of apprehension that some describe as an exaggerated sensation of impending doom, dread, or uneasiness. Unlike fear — a reaction to danger from a specific external source — anxiety is a reaction to an internal threat, such as an unacceptable... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Panic disorder represents anxiety in its most severe form and is characterized by recurrent episodes of intense apprehension, terror, and impending doom. Initially unpredictable, these panic attacks may come to be associated with specific situations or tasks. The disorder... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Disorders that affect thoracic or abdominal organs — the heart, pleurae, lungs, esophagus, rib cage, gallbladder, pancreas, or stomach — are typical causes of chest pain. It can also result from a musculoskeletal or hematologic disorder, anxiety, and drug... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Clammy skin — moist, cool, and commonly pale — is a sympathetic response to stress, which triggers release of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones cause cutaneous vasoconstriction and secretion of cold sweat from eccrine glands,... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Agitation refers to a state of hyperarousal, increased tension, and irritability that can lead to confusion, hyperactivity, and overt hostility. Agitation can result from a toxic (poisons), metabolic, or infectious cause; brain injury; or a psychiatric disorder. It can also result from... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... A subjective reaction to a real or imagined threat, anxiety is a nonspecific feeling of uneasiness or dread. It may be mild, moderate, or severe. Mild anxiety may cause slight physical or psychological discomfort. Severe anxiety may be incapacitating or even life-threatening. ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Chest pain usually results from disorders that affect thoracic or abdominal organs — the heart, pleurae, lungs, esophagus, rib cage, gallbladder, pancreas, or stomach. An important indicator of several acute and life-threatening cardiopulmonary and GI disorders, chest pain... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Clammy skin — moist, cool, and usually pale — is a sympathetic response to stress, which triggers release of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones cause cutaneous vasoconstriction and secretion of cold sweat from eccrine glands, particularly on the palms,... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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...Although chest pain is common complaint inchildren and adolescents, serious underlying disease presentingas chest pain is uncommon in this population. Principal Causes of Chest Pain Musculoskeletaldisorders Muscle Trauma(strain, contusion, ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... Agitation refers to a state of hyperarousal, increased tension, and irritability that can lead to confusion, hyperactivity, and overt hostility. It can result from a toxic (poisons), metabolic, or infectious cause; brain injury; or a... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Anxiety is the most common psychiatric symptom and can result in significant lifestyle impairment. A subjective reaction to a real or imagined threat, anxiety is a nonspecific feeling of uneasiness or dread. It may be mild, moderate, or severe.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Chest pain usually results from disorders that affect thoracic or abdominal organs—the heart, pleurae, lungs, esophagus, rib cage, gallbladder, pancreas, or stomach. An important indicator of several acute and life-threatening cardiopulmonary and... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Clammy skin—moist, cool, and usually pale—is a sympathetic response to stress, which triggers release of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones cause cutaneous vasoconstriction and secretion of cold sweat from eccrine glands, particularly on... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Hardly a day goes by in a busy practitioner’s office that he or she is
not confronted with a patient complaining of chest pain. The main concern,
of course, is to exclude an acute myocardial infarction, which is not an
easy task... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
It is simple enough to administer a sedative and refer the emotionally
distressed patient to a psychiatrist, but the astute diagnostician will want
to rule out an organic disease first. Almost every endocrine disease is
associated with
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
In drop attacks, the patient, usually elderly, experiences the sudden
giving away of his or her legs and falls to the floor without loss of
consciousness. The fact that the patient remains conscious distinguishes
drop attacks from... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
Anxiety and worry can appear at any time; day or night. Sometimes you know why, sometimes it can appear out of the blue. Learn how these problems can...
If you've ever experienced an asthma attack, you know how frustrating and unpleasant it can be. And since anything from strong perfume to extreme...
Targeted therapies are not just for advanced cases non Hodgkin's lymphoma. Learn how they can help against indolent or low-grade cancers as well.
One of the newest treatments for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is radioimmunotherapy, a clever mixture of old and new that better targets cancer cells.