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On examination of the nasal mucosa, inverted papillomas usually appear large, bulky, highly vascular, and edematous; color varies from dark red to gray; and consistency, from firm to friable. Exophytic papillomas are usually raised, firm, and rubbery; pink to gray; and securely attached by a broad or pedunculated base to the mucous membrane.
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
A cytologic examination (Papanicolaou [Pap] smear) can detect cervical cancer before clinical evidence appears. (Systems of Pap smear classification may vary from facility to facility.) Abnormal cervical cytology routinely calls for colposcopy, which can detect the presence and extent of preclinical lesions requiring biopsy and histologic examination. Staining may identify areas for biopsy when the smear shows abnormal cells but there's no obvious lesion. Although the tests are nonspecific, they do distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. Normal tissues absorb the iodine and turn brown; abnormal tissues are devoid of glycogen and won't change color. Additional studies, such as lymphangiography, cystography, and scans, can detect metastasis. (See Staging cervical cancer, page 110.)
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
On examination of the nasal mucosa, inverted papillomas usually appear large, bulky, highly vascular, and edematous. Color varies from dark red to gray; consistency, from firm to friable. Exophytic papillomas are commonly raised, firm, and rubbery pink to gray and securely attached by a broad or pedunculated base to the mucous membrane. Histologic examination of excised tissue confirms the diagnosis.
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
A cytologic examination (Papanicolaou [Pap] test) can be used to detect cervical cancer before symptoms appear. Abnormal cervical cytology generally calls for colposcopy, which can detect the presence and extent of preclinical lesions requiring a biopsy and histologic examination.
Staining with Lugol’s solution (strong iodine) or Schiller’s solution (iodine, potassium iodide, and purified water) may identify areas for a biopsy when the smear shows abnormal cells but there is no obvious lesion. Although the tests are nonspecific and have a high rate of false-positives, they do distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues: Normal tissues absorb the iodine and turn brown; abnormal tissues are devoid of glycogen and don’t change color.
Additional studies — such as cystography, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and bone scans — can be used to detect metastasis.
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
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