Treatments for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Treatments for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
The list of treatments mentioned in various sources
for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
includes the following list.
Always seek professional medical advice about any treatment
or change in treatment plans.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Is the Diagnosis Correct?
The first step in getting correct treatment is
to get a correct diagnosis.
Differential diagnosis list for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease may include:
Hidden causes of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease may be incorrectly diagnosed:
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Marketplace Products, Discounts & Offers
Products, offers and promotion categories available for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease:
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Research Doctors & Specialists
Research all specialists including ratings, affiliations, and sanctions.
Drugs and Medications used to treat Pelvic Inflammatory Disease:
Note:You must always seek professional medical advice about any prescription drug, OTC drug, medication, treatment
or change in treatment plans.
Some of the different medications used in the treatment of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease include:
- Rocephin
- Amcel
- Benaxona
- Cefaxona
- Ceftrex
- Tacex
- Terbac
- Triaken
- Ceftriaxone
- Cleocin HCL
- Cheocin Pediatric
- Cleocin Phosphate
- Clindagel
- ClindaMax
- Clindesse
- Clindets
- Evoclin
- Alti-Clindamycin
- Apo-Clindamycin
- Clindoxyl
- Novo-Clindamycin
- Clindazyn
- Cutaclin
- Dalacin V
- Galecin
- Klyndaken
- Piperacillin and Tazobactam Sodium
- Zosyn
- Tazocin
Latest treatments for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease:
The following are some of the latest treatments for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease:
Hospital statistics for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease:
These medical statistics relate to hospitals, hospitalization and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease:
- 0.018% (2,271) of hospital consultant episodes were for salpingitis and oophoritis in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 90% of hospital consultant episodes for salpingitis and oophoritis required hospital admission in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 100% of hospital consultant episodes for salpingitis and oophoritis were for women in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 34% of hospital consultant episodes for salpingitis and oophoritis required emergency hospital admission in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 5 days was the mean length of stay in hospitals for salpingitis and oophoritis in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- more hospital information...»
Hospitals & Medical Clinics: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Research quality ratings and patient incidents/safety measures
for hospitals and medical facilities in specialties related to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease:
Hospital & Clinic quality ratings » »
Choosing the Best Treatment Hospital:
More general information, not necessarily in relation to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease,
on hospital and medical facility performance and surgical care quality:
Medical news summaries about treatments for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease:
The following medical news items
are relevant to treatment of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease:
Discussion of treatments for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease:
PID: DSTD (Excerpt)
PID can be
cured with antibiotics. If women have pelvic pain and other symptoms
caused by PID, it is critical that they seek care immediately. Prompt
antibiotic treatment can prevent severe damage to pelvic organs. The
longer women delay treatment for PID, the more likely they are to be
infertile or to have an ectopic pregnancy in the future because of damage
to the tubes. However, antibiotic treatment does not reverse any damage
that has already occurred to the reproductive organs.
Because of the
difficulty in identifying organisms infecting the internal reproductive
organs and because more than one organism may be responsible for an
episode of PID, PID is usually treated with at least two antibiotics that
are effective against a wide range of infectious agents. These antibiotics
can be given by mouth or by vein. The symptoms may go away before the
infection is cured. Even if symptoms do go away, women should finish
taking all of the medicine. This will help prevent the infection from
returning. Women on treatment for PID should be re-evaluated by their
health care provider two to three days after starting treatment to be sure
the antibiotics are working to cure the infection. In addition, women's
sex partners should be treated to decrease the risk of re-infection, even
if the partners have no symptoms. Many women with PID have sex partners
who have no symptoms, although their sex partners may be infected with the
organisms that can cause PID.
About one
fourth of women with suspected PID must be hospitalized. Hospitalization
may be recommended if the woman is severely ill (e.g., high fever) or
pregnant; if she cannot take oral medication and needs intravenous
antibiotics; if the diagnosis is uncertain; or in some cases, if she is
infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes
AIDS). If symptoms continue or if an abscess does not resolve, surgery may
be needed. Complications of PID, such as chronic pelvic pain and scarring
are difficult to treat but are sometimes improved with surgery. (Source: excerpt from PID: DSTD)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, NIAID Fact Sheet: NIAID (Excerpt)
Because culture of specimens from the upper genital tract are
difficult to obtain and because multiple organisms may be
responsible for an episode of PID, especially if it is not the
first one, the doctor will prescribe at least two antibiotics that
are effective against a wide range of infectious agents. The
symptoms may go away before the infection is cured. Even if
symptoms do go away, patients should finish taking all of the
medicine. Patients should be re-evaluated by their physicians two
to three days after treatment is begun to be sure the antibiotics
are working to cure the infection.
About one-fourth of women with suspected PID must be
hospitalized. The doctor may recommend this if the patient is
severely ill; if she cannot take oral medication and needs
intravenous antibiotics; if she is pregnant or is an adolescent;
if the diagnosis is uncertain and may include an abdominal
emergency such as appendicitis; or if she is infected with HIV
(human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS).
Many women with PID have sex partners who have no symptoms,
although their sex partners may be infected with organisms that
can cause PID. Because of the risk of reinfection, however, sex
partners should be treated even if they do not have symptoms.
Consequences of PID
Women with recurrent episodes of PID are more likely than women
with a single episode to suffer scarring of the tubes that leads
to infertility, tubal pregnancy, or chronic pelvic pain.
Infertility occurs in approximately 20 percent of women who have
had PID.
Most women with tubal infertility, however, never have had
symptoms of PID. Organisms such as C. trachomatis can
silently invade the fallopian tubes and cause scarring, which
blocks the normal passage of eggs into the uterus.
A women who has had PID has a six-to-tenfold increased risk of
tubal pregnancy, in which the egg can become fertilized but cannot
pass into the uterus to grow. Instead, the egg usually attaches in
the fallopian tube, which connects the ovary to the uterus. The
fertilized egg cannot grow normally in the fallopian tube. This
type of pregnancy is life-threatening to the mother, and almost
always fatal to her fetus. It is the leading cause of
pregnancy-related death in African-American women.
In addition, untreated PID can cause chronic pelvic pain and
scarring in about 20 percent of patients. These conditions are
difficult to treat but are sometimes improved with surgery.
Another complication of PID is the risk of repeated attacks of
PID. As many as one-third of women who have had PID will have the
disease at least one more time. With each episode of reinfection,
the risk of infertility is increased.
Prevention
Women can play an active role in protecting themselves from PID
by taking the following steps:
- Signs of discharge with odor or bleeding between cycles
could mean infection. Early treatment may prevent the
development of PID.
- If used correctly and consistently, male latex condoms will
prevent transmission of gonorrhea and partially protect against
chlamydial infection.
Research
Although much has been learned about the biology of the
microbes that cause PID and the ways in which they damage the
body, there is still much to learn. Scientists supported by the
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) are
studying the effects of antibiotics, hormones, and substances that
boost the immune system. These studies may lead to insights about
how to prevent infertility or other complications of PID. Topical
microbicides and vaccines to prevent gonorrhea and chlamydial
infection also are being developed. Clinical trials are in
progress to test a suppository containing lactobacilli – the
normal bacteria found in the vaginas of healthy women. These
bacteria colonize the vagina and may be associated with reduced
risk of gonorrhea and bacterial vaginosis, both of which can cause
PID.
Rapid, inexpensive, easy-to-use diagnostic tests are being
developed to detect chlamydial infection and gonorrhea. A recent
study conducted by NIAID-funded researchers demonstrated that
screening and treating women who unknowingly had chlamydial
infection reduced cases of PID by more than 60 percent. Meanwhile,
researchers continue to search for better ways to detect PID
itself, particularly in women with "silent" or asymptomatic PID.
(Source: excerpt from
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, NIAID Fact Sheet: NIAID)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: NWHIC (Excerpt)
Because culture specimens from the upper genital tract are difficult to
obtain and because multiple organisms are usually responsible for an
episode of PID, at least two antibiotics are given so that they will be
effective against a wide range of infectious agents. The infection may
still be present after the symptoms are gone, so it is important to finish
taking all of the medicine, even if symptoms go away. Patients should be
re-evaluated by their physician 2 to 3 days after treatment is begun to be
sure the antibiotics are working to cure the infection. About one-fourth
of women with suspected PID must be hospitalized.
Many women with PID have sex partners who have no symptoms. Because of
the risk of reinfection, however, sex partners should be treated. Even if
they do not have symptoms, they may be infected with organisms that can
cause PID.
(Source: excerpt from Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: NWHIC)
Buy Products Related to Treatments for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Book Excerpts: Treatment of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Treatments of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the treatments of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.
Dysmenorrhea:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
- Primary dysmenorrhea is initially treated with NSAIDs
–High-dose ibuprofen may be administered beginning the day before the onset of menses
–Oral contraceptives with or without NSAIDs may be effective when NSAIDs alone are inadequate
–Low-fat vegetarian diet, a fish oil supplement, and vitamin E may reduce pain severity
- Patients unresponsive to NSAIDs and oral contraceptives should be evaluated for pelvic pathology (secondary dysmenorrhea)
–Endometriosis: GnRH analogs, danazol; laparoscopy in severe cases; treat infertility if necessary
–Adenomyosis: Hysterectomy is treatment of choice
–Leiomyoma: Removal, embolization, hysterectomy
–Pelvic inflammatory disease: Antibiotics, oral
contraceptives (to prevent ectopic pregnancy), treat infertility if necessary
–Treat depression and/or anxiety as necessary
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Vaginal Discharge:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
See most recent CDC guidelines for all STDs
-
Trichomonas
–Metronidazole single dose or for 7 days (avoid alcohol with metronidazole use)
–Intravaginal clotrimazole if pregnant or unable to use metronidazole
Gonorrhea
–Oral ciprofloxacin or IM ceftriaxone
Chlamydia –Azithromycin or doxycycline orally
Bacterial vaginosis
–Metronidazole single dose or for 7 days
Candida
–Clotrimazole cream or intravaginal suppository
–Fluconazole single dose
Atrophic vaginitis
–Topical or oral hormone replacement if appropriate
Advise to avoid douching/perfumed hygiene products
>
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Pelvic Pain - Female:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Primary dysmenorrhea: NSAIDs; consider oral contraceptives to suppress ovulation in severe disease
-
Positive pregnancy test: Determine last menstrual period; obtain quantitative β-hCG; confirm intrauterine pregnancy
-
In patients at high risk for STDs, treat empirically for PID (to cover gonorrhea and Chlamydia)
–Ofloxacin 400 mg PO BID for 14 days plus metronidazole 500 mg PO BID for 14 days, or
–Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM single dose plus doxycycline 100 mg PO BID for 14 days
-
Endometriosis: Treat with hormonal medications or surgical
laparoscopy
–Oral contraceptives for 3–4 months, or
–Provera 39 mg QD for 2 months, or
–Danazol 200–800 mg QD for 6 months, or
–GnRH agonist (e.g., leuprolide)
'>>
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Vaginal Discharge:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Physiologic leukorrhea: Provide reassurance
-
Irritative vaginal discharge: Educate on proper wiping techniques, avoidance of tight clothing and irritants
-
Foreign bodies such as toilet paper can usually be removed with gentle vaginal lavage, sitz baths
-
Treatments for infectious causes of vaginal discharge:
–Bacterial vaginosis: Metronidazole or topical
clindamycin
–Candida can be treated with topical or oral antifungals
–Trichomonas is treated with metronidazole
–Group A β-hemolytic streptococci: Penicillin
–Chlamydia is treated with doxycycline or azithromycin
–Gonorrhea: Ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, or ofloxacin
–Shigella is treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
- Encourage barrier contraception in sexually active adolescents
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Dysmenorrhea:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Initial treatment aims to relieve pain. Pain-relief measures may include:
❑ analgesics (such as aspirin) for mild to moderate pain (most effective when taken 24 to 48 hours before onset of menses; are especially effective for treating dysmenorrhea because they also inhibit prostaglandin synthesis; stronger anti-inflammatories may be used.
❑ opioids if pain is severe (infrequently used)
❑ prostaglandin inhibitors (such as mefenamic acid and ibuprofen) to relieve pain by decreasing the severity of uterine contractions
❑ cox-2 inhibitors (such as celecoxib, rofecoxib, and valdecoxib) to promote comfort
❑ heat applied locally to the lower abdomen (may relieve discomfort in mature women but isn’t recommended in young adolescents because appendicitis may mimic dysmenorrhea).
For primary dysmenorrhea, administration of sex steroids is an effective alternative to treatment with antiprostaglandins or analgesics. Such therapy usually consists of hormonal contraceptives to relieve pain by suppressing ovulation. However, patients who are attempting pregnancy should rely on antiprostaglandin therapy instead of hormonal contraceptives to relieve symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea.
Because persistently severe dysmenorrhea may have a psychogenic cause, psychological evaluation and appropriate counseling may be helpful.
In secondary dysmenorrhea, treatment is designed to identify and correct the underlying cause. This may include surgical treatment of underlying disorders, such as endometriosis or uterine leiomyomas. However, surgical treatment is recommended only after conservative therapy fails.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Pelvic inflammatory disease:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
To prevent progression of PID, antibiotic therapy begins immediately after culture specimens are obtained. Such therapy can be re-evaluated as soon as laboratory results are available (usually after 24 to 48 hours). Infection may become chronic if treated inadequately.
Development of a pelvic abscess necessitates adequate drainage. A ruptured abscess is life-threatening. If this complication develops, the patient may need a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Alternatively, laparoscopic drainage with preservation of the ovaries and uterus may be done.
Concurrent treatment of sexual partners and condom use throughout the course of treatment are necessary.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Dysmenorrhea:
Patient counseling
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
If dysmenorrhea is idiopathic, advise the patient to place a heating pad on her abdomen to relieve the pain. This therapy reduces abdominal muscle tension and increases blood flow.
Effleurage, a light circular massage with the fingertips, may also provide relief. Other comfort measures include drinking warm beverages, taking a warm shower, performing waist-bending and pelvic-rocking exercises, and walking. Inform the patient that increasing aerobic exercise and dietary intake of vitamin B1 and fish oil capsules have also proved effective in relieving dysmenorrhea.
Inform the patient that taking a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) 1 to 2 days before the onset of menses is usually helpful. If she isn’t trying to get pregnant, taking monophasic birth control pills is also beneficial. Warn the patient that both of these treatments may reduce menstrual flow and duration. Be sure to rule out the possibility of pregnancy before starting contraceptive or NSAID therapy. Explain the actions and adverse effects of these drugs. (See Relief for dysmenorrhea.)
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Pelvic inflammatory disease:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
To prevent the progression of PID, antibiotic therapy begins immediately after culture specimens are obtained. Such therapy can be reevaluated when laboratory test results are available (usually after 24 to 48 hours); infection may become chronic if treated inadequately.
The guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for outpatient treatment include a single dose of cefoxitin plus probenecid given concurrently or a single dose of ceftriaxone. Each of these regimens is given with doxycycline for 14 days.
The CDC guidelines for inpatient treatment recommend doxycycline alone or a combination of clindamycin and gentamicin.
Development of a pelvic abscess necessitates adequate drainage. A ruptured abscess is life threatening. If this complication develops, the patient may need a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Vaginal discharge:
Patient counseling
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
Teach the patient to keep her perineum clean and dry. Also, tell her to avoid wearing tight-fitting clothing and nylon underwear and to instead wear cotton-crotched underwear and pantyhose. If appropriate, suggest that the patient douche with a solution of 5 tbs of white vinegar to 2 qt (2 L) of warm water to help relieve her discomfort.
If the patient has a vaginal infection, tell her to continue taking the prescribed medication even if her symptoms clear or she menstruates. Also, advise her to avoid intercourse until her symptoms clear and then to have her partner use condoms until she completes her course of medication. If her condition is sexually transmitted, instruct her on safer sex methods.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Dysmenorrhea:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Assess the patient's level of discomfort and use pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic methods to relieve discomfort.
Patient teaching
▪ Encourage the patient to view dysmenorrhea as a medical problem—not as a sign of maladjustment—and explain her treatment options. (See Relief for dysmenorrhea.)
▪ Explain the cause of the patient's dysmenorrhea once a diagnosis is established.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Vaginal discharge:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Obtain cultures of the vaginal discharge.
▪ Give antibiotics, antivirals, or other drugs, as ordered.
▪ Observe standard precautions to prevent the spread of infection.
Patient teaching
▪ Explain to the patient the cause of vaginal discharge and its treatment.
▪ Teach the patient proper perineal hygiene and advise her to avoid tight-fitting clothing and nylon underwear.
▪ Suggest douching with vinegar and warm water to help relieve discomfort, if appropriate.
▪ Tell the patient to continue taking prescribed drugs even if her symptoms clear.
▪ Advise the patient to avoid intercourse until symptoms resolve.
▪ Provide information on safer sex practices.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
If you are suffering from abnormal bleeding, you may have submucus fibroid tumors. These tumors can cause severe cramping, fatigue, heavy menstrual...
For many doctors, hysteroscopy represents a great leap forward in gynecology. Others have been slower to embrace this new technology. What should...
For many women, any gynecologic procedure is an unattractive prospect, and something with a name like "hysteroscopy" sounds downright frightening. In...
If you are suffering from abnormal bleeding, you may have submucus fibroid tumors. These tumors can cause severe cramping, fatigue, heavy menstrual...
See full list of 4 related videos
» Next page: Doctors and Medical Specialists for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Rate This Website
What do you think about the features of this website?
Take our user survey and have your say:
Website User Survey
Medical Tools & Articles:
Next articles:
Tools & Services:
Medical Articles:
Forums & Message Boards
- Ask or answer a question at the Boards:
