Causes of Penile candidiasis
List of causes of Penile candidiasis
Following is a list of causes or underlying conditions
(see also Misdiagnosis of underlying causes of Penile candidiasis)
that could possibly cause Penile candidiasis includes:
Longer list of causes of Penile rash:
see full list of causes for Penile rash
Penile candidiasis Causes: Book Excerpts
Penile candidiasis as a complication of other conditions:
Other conditions that might have
Penile candidiasis as a complication may,
potentially, be an underlying cause of Penile candidiasis.
Our database lists the following as having
Penile candidiasis as a complication of that condition:
Related information on causes of Penile candidiasis:
As with all medical conditions,
there may be many causal factors.
Further relevant information on causes of Penile candidiasis may be found in:
Causes of Penile candidiasis: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the causes of Penile candidiasis.
Urethral discharge:
Medical causes
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
Prostatitis
Acute prostatitis is characterized by purulent urethral discharge. Initial signs and symptoms include sudden fever, chills, lower back pain, myalgia, perineal fullness, and arthralgia. Urination becomes increasingly frequent and urgent, and the urine may appear cloudy. Dysuria, nocturia, and some degree of urinary obstruction may also occur. The prostate may be tense, boggy, tender, and warm. Prostate massage to obtain prostatic fluid is contraindicated.
Chronic prostatitis, although often asymptomatic, may produce a persistent urethral discharge that’s thin, milky, or clear and sometimes sticky. The discharge appears at the meatus after a long interval between voidings, as in the morning. Associated effects include a dull aching in the prostate or rectum, sexual dysfunction such as ejaculatory pain, and urinary disturbances such as frequency, urgency, and dysuria.
Reiter’s syndrome
In Reiter’s syndrome — a self-limiting syndrome that usually affects males — urethral discharge and other signs of acute urethritis occur 1 to 2 weeks after sexual contact. Asymmetrical arthritis, conjunctivitis of one or both eyes, and ulcerations on the oral mucosa, glans penis, palms, and soles may also occur with Reiter’s syndrome.
Urethritis
Urethritis, which is usually sexually transmitted (as in gonorrhea), commonly produces scant or profuse urethral discharge that’s either thin and clear, mucoid, or thick and purulent. Other effects include urinary hesitancy, urgency, and frequency; dysuria; and itching and burning around the meatus.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Candidiasis:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Most cases of Candida infection result from C. albicans. Other infective strains include C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. guillermondii. These fungi are part of the normal flora of the GI tract, mouth, vagina, and skin. They cause infection when some change in the body (rising glucose levels from diabetes mellitus; lowered resistance from an immunosuppressive drug, radiation, aging, or a disease, such as cancer or human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection) permits their sudden proliferation or when they're introduced systemically by I.V. or urinary cath-eters, drug abuse, hyperalimentation, or surgery. However, the most common predisposing factor remains the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, which decrease the number of normal flora and permit an increasing number of candidal organisms to proliferate. The of a mother with vaginal candidiasis can contract oral thrush while passing through the birth canal. Thrush is also found in many infants who are breast-fed. The incidence of candidiasis is rising because of wider use of I.V. therapy and a greater number of immunocompromised patients, especially those with HIV infection.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
No characteristic immunologic defects have been identified in this infection, but many patients have a diminished response to various antigens or to Candida alone. In some patients, anergy may result from deficient migration inhibition factor, a mediator normally produced by lymphocytes.
Candida species infections are the most common causes of fungal infections among patients who are immunocompromised. About 3 of every 4 females have at least one bout of vulvovaginal candidiasis during their lifetimes. In individuals who are HIV-positive, more than 90% experience oropharyngeal candidiasis and 10% have at least one episode of esophageal candidiasis.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Urethral discharge:
Medical causes
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
Prostatitis
Acute prostatitis is characterized by a purulent urethral discharge. Initial signs and symptoms include sudden fever, chills, low back pain, perineal fullness, myalgia, and arthralgia. Urination becomes increasingly frequent and urgent, and the urine may appear cloudy. Dysuria, nocturia, and some degree of urinary obstruction may also occur. The prostate may be tense, boggy, tender, and warm. Prostate massage to obtain prostatic fluid is contraindicated.
Chronic prostatitis commonly produces no symptoms, but it may produce a persistent urethral discharge that’s thin, milky or clear, and sometimes sticky. The discharge appears at the meatus after a long interval between voidings—for example, in the morning. Associated effects include a dull ache in the prostate or rectum, sexual dysfunction such as ejaculatory pain, and urinary disturbances, such as frequency, urgency, and dysuria.
Reiter’s syndrome
In this self-limiting syndrome that usually affects males, a urethral discharge and other signs of acute urethritis occur 1 to 2 weeks after sexual contact. Asymmetrical arthritis, conjunctivitis of one or both eyes, and ulcerations on the oral mucosa, glans penis, palms, and soles may also occur.
Urethral neoplasm
This rare cancer is sometimes heralded by a painless urethral discharge that’s initially opaque and gray and later yellowish and blood-tinged. Dysuria progresses to anuria as the urethra becomes blocked.
Urethritis
This inflammatory disorder, which is often sexually transmitted (as in gonorrhea), commonly produces a scant or profuse urethral discharge that’s either thin and clear, mucoid, or thick and purulent. Other effects include urinary hesitancy, urgency, and frequency; dysuria; and itching and burning around the meatus.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Candidiasis:
Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)
Most cases of Candida infection result from C. albicans. Other infective strains include C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. guilliermondii.
Although these fungi are part of the normal flora of the GI tract, mouth, vagina, and skin, they can cause infection when a change in the body permits their sudden proliferation —rising blood glucose levels from diabetes mellitus; lowered resistance from a disease (such as cancer), an immunosuppressant, radiation, aging, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; or when they’re introduced systemically through I.V. or urinary catheter use, drug abuse, hyperalimentation, or surgery.
However, the most common predisposing factor remains the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, which decrease the number of normal flora and permit an increasing number of candidal organisms to proliferate. The infant of a mother with vaginal candidiasis can contract oral thrush while passing through the birth canal.
The incidence of candidiasis is rising because I.V. therapy is more widely used and because there are more immunocompromised patients, especially those with HIV infection.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Urethral discharge:
Medical causes
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
Prostatitis
Acute prostatitis is characterized by purulent urethral discharge. Initial signs and symptoms include sudden fever, chills, low back pain, myalgia, perineal fullness, and arthralgia. Urination becomes increasingly frequent and urgent, and the urine may appear cloudy. Dysuria, nocturia, and some degree of urinary obstruction may also occur. The prostate may be tense, boggy, tender, and warm.
Although chronic prostatitis commonly produces no symptoms, it may produce a persistent urethral discharge that’s thin, milky, or clear and sometimes sticky. The discharge appears at the meatus after a long interval between voidings, as in the morning. Associated effects include a dull aching in the prostate or rectum, sexual dysfunction such as ejaculatory pain, and urinary disturbances such as frequency, urgency, and dysuria.
Reiter’s syndrome
Reiter’s syndrome is a self-limiting syndrome that usually affects males. Urethral discharge and other signs of acute urethritis occur 1 to 2 weeks after sexual contact. Asymmetrical arthritis, conjunctivitis of one or both eyes, and ulcerations on the oral mucosa, glans penis, palms, and soles may also occur.
Urethritis
Urethritis, which is commonly sexually transmitted (as in gonorrhea), typically produces scant or profuse urethral discharge that’s either thin and clear, mucoid, or thick and purulent. Other effects include urinary hesitancy, urgency, and frequency; dysuria; and itching and burning around the meatus.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Urethral discharge:
Medical causes
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
Prostatitis.Acute prostatitis is characterized by purulent urethral discharge. Initial signs and symptoms include sudden fever, chills, lower back pain, myalgia, perineal fullness, and arthralgia. Urination becomes increasingly frequent and urgent, and the urine may appear cloudy. Dysuria, nocturia, and some degree of urinary obstruction may also occur. The prostate may be tense, boggy, tender, and warm. Prostate massage to obtain prostatic fluid is contraindicated.
Chronic prostatitis, although commonly producing no symptoms, may produce a persistent urethral discharge that's thin, milky, or clear and sometimes sticky. The discharge appears at the meatus after a long interval between voidings, as in the morning. Associated effects include a dull aching in the prostate or rectum, sexual dysfunction such as ejaculatory pain, and urinary disturbances such as frequency, urgency, and dysuria.
Reiter's syndrome.In Reiter's syndrome (also known as reactive arthritis), urethral discharge and other signs of acute urethritis occur 1 to 2 weeks after sexual contact. Asymmetrical arthritis, conjunctivitis of one or both eyes, and ulcerations on the oral mucosa, glans penis, palms, and soles may also occur with Reiter's syndrome.
Urethritis.Urethritis commonly produces scant or profuse urethral discharge that's either thin and clear, mucoid, or thick and purulent. Other effects include urinary hesitancy, urgency, and frequency; dysuria; and itching and burning around the meatus.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Candidiasis:
Candidiasis - risk factors
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
Surgery, central venous catheters, neonates, total parenteral nutrition, transplant recipients, malignancy, neutropenia, and burn patients
Candidiasis - pathophysiology
- Colonizes the mouth, GI tract, respiratory tract, and vagina. Colonization occurs within the first month of life; acquired from the mother by vertical transmission
- Candidiasis occurs when changes in host defense (locally or systemically) allow for overgrowth of the organism.
- In the immunocompromised host, systemic infection results from hematogenous spread after local invasion.
Candidiasis - etiology
- Neonatal infection is acquired from infected vaginal mucosa during birth. Transmission also occurs during nursing from the mother’s breast or from imperfect sterilization of bottle nipples.
- 80% of vaginal candidiases are caused by C. albicans; the remainder are caused by other Candida species, including C. glabrata and C. tropicalis.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
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