Treatments for Penis Cancer
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Hospital statistics for Penis Cancer:
These medical statistics relate to hospitals, hospitalization and Penis Cancer:
- 0.007% (826) of hospital consultant episodes were for malignant neoplasm of penis in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 95% of hospital consultant episodes for malignant neoplasm of penis required hospital admission in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 100% of hospital consultant episodes for malignant neoplasm of penis were for men in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 12% of hospital consultant episodes for malignant neoplasm of penis required emergency hospital admission in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 8 days was the mean length of stay in hospitals for malignant neoplasm of penis in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
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Penile Discharge:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Penile discharge without dysuria or frequency should be treated as an STD until proven otherwise
-
Begin empiric antibiotic therapy upon clinical suspicion
–Gonorrhea: Single-dose ceftriaxone IM (give in office for 100% compliance) or PO cefixime or ciprofloxacin
–Chlamydia: PO azithromycin single dose, doxycycline (7 days), ofloxacin (7 days), or erythromycin (7 days)
–Trichomonas: Metronidazole single dose or for 7 days
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If cultures are positive, obtain test of cure 6–8 weeks after initiating antibiotic treatment
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Encourage patient to inform sexual partners of disease so that they can be treated also, and inform the health department if required
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Use this visit with the patient to educate about safe sex and the use of barrier methods to decrease STD transmission, and to test for other STDs
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Emergent urology consult is required for foreign bodies or carcinoma of the penis
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Penile cancer:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Depending on the stage of progression, treatment includes surgical resection of the primary tumor and, possibly, chemotherapy and radiation. Local tumors of the prepuce only require circumcision. Invasive tumors, however, require partial penectomy if there's at least a 2-cm, tumor-free margin; tumors of the base of the penile shaft require total penectomy and inguinal node dissection (procedure is less common in the United States than in other countries where incidence is higher). Radiation therapy may improve treatment effectiveness after resection of localized lesions without metastasis; it may also reduce the size of lymph nodes before nodal resection. It's not adequate primary treatment for groin metastasis, however. Topical 5-fluorouracil is used for precancerous lesions. A combination of bleomycin, methotrexate, and vincristine with or without cisplatin is used for metastasis.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Malignant spinal neoplasms:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Treatment of spinal cord tumors generally includes decompression or radiation. Laminectomy is indicated for primary tumors that produce spinal cord or cauda equina compression; it isn't usually indicated for metastatic tumors. If the tumor is slowly progressive or if it's treated before the cord degenerates from compression, symptoms are likely to disappear, and complete restoration of function is possible. In a patient with metastatic carcinoma or lymphoma who suddenly experiences complete transverse myelitis with spinal shock, functional improvement is unlikely, even with treatment, and his outlook is ominous. If the patient has incomplete paraplegia of rapid onset, emergency surgical decompression may save cord function. Steroid therapy with dexamethasone minimizes cord edema and temporarily relieves symptoms until surgery can be performed. Partial removal of intramedullary gliomas, followed by radiation, may alleviate symptoms for a short time. Metastatic extradural tumors can be controlled with radiation, analgesics and, in the case of hormone-mediated tumors (breast and prostate), appropriate hormone therapy. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) may control radicular pain from spinal cord tumors and is a useful alternative to opioid analgesics. In TENS, an electrical charge is applied to the skin to stimulate large-diameter nerve fibers and thereby inhibit transmission of pain impulses through small-diameter nerve fibers. Chemotherapy generally hasn't proven effective against most spinal tumors, but may be recommended in some cases.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Genital lesions in the male:
Patient counseling
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
Explain to the patient how to use prescribed ointments or creams. Advise him to use a heat lamp to dry moist lesions or to take sitz baths to relieve crusting and itching. Also, instruct him to report any changes in the lesions.
Explain to male patients that condoms effectively prevent many STDs when used correctly. Advise them to use a new condom for each coitus; to avoid damaging the condom with a sharp object, such as fingernails or teeth; to put the condom on the erect penis before any genital contact; to use only water-based lubricants; to hold the condom firmly while withdrawing the penis; to always withdraw the penis while it’s still erect to avoid premature condom loss; and to check the expiration date on the individual condom packet. Teach the patient that hormonal contraceptives, diaphragms, foams, and jellies don’t protect against STDs.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Genital lesions in the male:
Patient counseling
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
Explain to the patient how to use prescribed ointments or creams. Advise him to use a heat lamp to dry moist lesions or to take sitz baths to relieve crusting and itching. Also, instruct him to report any changes in the lesions.
Explain to male patients that condoms effectively prevent many STDs when used correctly. Advise them to use a new condom for each coitus; to avoid damaging the condom with sharp objects, such as fingernails or teeth; to put the condom on the erect penis before any genital contact; to use only water-based lubricants; to hold the condom firmly while withdrawing the penis; to always withdraw the penis while it’s still erect to avoid premature condom loss; and to check the expiration date on the individual condom packet. Instruct the patient that hormonal contraceptives, diaphragms, foams, and jellies don’t protect against STDs.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Genital lesions, male:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Screen every patient with penile lesions for STDs, using the dark-field examination and the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test.
▪ Prepare the patient for a biopsy to confirm or rule out penile cancer if indicated.
▪ Provide emotional support, especially if cancer is suspected.
▪ To prevent cross-contamination, wash your hands before and after every patient contact.
▪ Wear gloves when handling urine or performing catheter care.
▪ Dispose of all needles carefully, and double-bag all material contaminated by secretions.
Patient teaching
▪ Explain to the patient the use of creams and ointments.
▪ Discuss methods to reduce crusting and itching.
▪ Emphasize the lesion changes the patient should report.
▪ Discuss and teach the proper use of condoms and safer sex practices.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
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