Prevalence and Incidence of Pervasive developmental disorders
Prevalance of types of Pervasive developmental disorders:
For details see prevalence of types of Pervasive developmental disorders analysis; summary of available prevalence data:
Pervasive developmental disorders Prevalence: Book Excerpts
Incidence of types of Pervasive developmental disorders:
For details see incidence of types of Pervasive developmental disorders analysis; summary of available incidence by type data:
Prevalence/Incidence of Pervasive developmental disorders: Online Medical Books
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Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Pervasive developmental disorders.
Autistic disorder:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
The causes of autistic disorder remain unclear but are thought to include psychological, physiologic, and sociological factors. Much evidence has accumulated to suggest a biological substrate. The parents of a child who’s autistic may appear distant and unaffectionate. However, because children who are autistic are unresponsive or respond with rigid, screaming resistance to touch and attention, parental remoteness may be merely a frustrated, helpless reaction to this disorder, not its cause.
Some children who are autistic show abnormal but nonspecific EEG findings that suggest brain dysfunction, possibly resulting from trauma, disease, or a structural abnormality. Autistic disorder has also been associated with maternal rubella, untreated phenylketonuria, tuberous sclerosis, anoxia during birth, encephalitis, infantile spasms, and fragile X syndrome. Studies have established a link with abnormalities in neurotransmitters, including (in some cases) increased dopamine and increased serotonin. There appears to be a genetic component as well; between 2% and 4% of siblings of those with autism also had autistic disorders at a rate higher than the general population.
Autistic disorder is rare, affecting 4 to 5 children per 10,000 births. It affects three to four times more boys than girls.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Autism/Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) Spectrum:
Autism/Pervasive Developmental Disorder Spectrum - epidemiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
Autism/Pervasive Developmental Disorder Spectrum - incidence
- Observation of higher rates of autism have led to concern that autism may be increasing.
- Increased rates most likely related to changes in definition and, better diagnosis and awareness
Autism/Pervasive Developmental Disorder Spectrum - prevalence
- Autistic disorder: 13 cases/10,000
- Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified: 20–50 cases/10,000
- Asperger syndrome: 2.6 cases/10,000
- Childhood disintegrative disorder: 0.11 cases/10,000; as of 1999, 106 cases reported
- Autistic disorder: Male:Female ~4:1
- Females have more severe symptoms:
- 50% of cases exhibit severe to profound mental retardation.
- 30% of cases have mild to moderate mental retardation.
- 20% of cases have normal cognitive abilities.
- Asperger syndrome: More common in boys
- Rett disorder: 0.83 cases/1,000 females
- Childhood disintegrative disorder: Occurs predominately in males
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
Developmental Disabilities:
Developmental Disabilities - epidemiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
Found in both sexes and all racial and socioeconomic groups.
Developmental Disabilities - prevalence
This is a heterogeneous group of disorders with different prevalence rates.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
About prevalence and incidence statistics:
The term 'prevalence' of Pervasive developmental disorders usually refers to the estimated population
of people who are managing Pervasive developmental disorders at any given time.
The term 'incidence' of Pervasive developmental disorders refers to the annual diagnosis rate,
or the number of new cases of Pervasive developmental disorders diagnosed each year.
Hence, these two statistics types can differ:
a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence,
but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence.
For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
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