Pituitary/Hypothalamic Insufficiency
Pituitary/Hypothalamic Insufficiency: Excerpt from A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
Acquired during birth
Asphyxia
Breech delivery
Intracranial hemorrhage or thrombosis
Acute intermittent porphyria
Chronic renal failure (TSH, gonadotropin deficiency)
Congenital
Tumors
Diencephalic syndrome
Developmental
Absence of anterior pituitary
Anencephaly
Basal encephalocele
Cleft lip and palate
Ectopic anterior pituitary
Holoprosencephalic syndromes
Optic nerve hypoplasia
Single central incisor
Mutations in the Pit-1 gene (TSH, growth hormone, prolactin deficiency)
Iatrogenic
Radiation therapy
Therapy for head or neck tumor
To the pituitary
Vincristine
Idiopathic
Congenital
Familial
Sporadic
Necrotizing infundibulo-hypophysistis
Immunologic
Lymphocytic hypophysitis
Infectious
AIDS
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex type 2 encephalitis
Brucellosis
Encephalitis
Fungal infections
Infected Rathke's cleft cyst
Malaria
Meningitis
Pyogenic abscess
Septic cavernous sinus
Syphilis
Tuberculosis
Infiltrative
Amyloidosis
Hemochromatosis
Histiocytosis X
Idiopathic granulomatous hypophysitis
Leukemia
Lipid storage diseases
Sarcoidosis
Tay-Sachs disease
Wegener's granulomatosis
Injury
Acute epidural and subdural hematoma
Basilar skull fracture
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Post-traumatic chronic brain syndrome
Invasive
Aneurysm of the intracranial internal carotid artery
Arteriovenous anomalies
Craniopharyngioma
Empty sella syndrome
Metastases to the pituitary or hypothalamus (especially breast, lung, and melanoma)
Pituitary adenoma
Parasellar and hypothalamic tumors (e.g., glioma, meningioma, pinealoma, lymphoma)
Rathke's cleft cyst
Third ventricle cyst
Ischemic necrosis of the pituitary
Arteriosclerosis
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Collagen vascular disease
Diabetes mellitus
Eclampsia
Pituitary apoplexy
Sheehan's syndrome
Sickle cell anemia (disease and trait)
Temporal arteritis
Isolated
Isolated ACTH deficiency
Isolated gonadotropin deficiency
Biologically inactive LH
Kallman's syndrome
Isolated growth hormone deficiency
Biologically inactive/subactive growth hormone
Deprivational dwarfism
Growth hormone neurosecretory defect
Isolated prolactin deficiency
Isolated thyrotropin (TSH) deficiency
Abnormal TSH β subunit secretion
Isolated vasopressin deficiency
References
1. Dexter RN: Hypopituitarism, pp. 169–171. See Bibliography, 2.
2. Aron DC, Findling JW, Tyrrell JB: Hypothalamus and Pituitary, pp. 124–128. See Bibliography, 9.
3. Lamberts SWJ, deHerder WW, van der Lely AJ: Pituitary Insufficiency.
Lancet 352:127–134, 1998.
Book Source Details
- Book Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
- Author(s): Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra
- Year of Publication: 1999
- Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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Copyright notice for book excerpts: Copyright © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.
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