All statistics for Pituitary conditions
Prevalence/Incidence of Pituitary conditions: Online Medical Books
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for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Pituitary conditions.
Diabetes insipidus:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Diabetes insipidus results centrally from intracranial neoplastic or metastatic lesions, hypophysectomy or other neurosurgery, a skull fracture, or head trauma that damages the neurohypophyseal structures. It can also result nephrogenically from infection, granulomatous disease, and vascular lesions; it may be idiopathic and, rarely, familial. (Note: Pituitary diabetes insipidus shouldn’t be confused with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, a rare congenital disturbance of water metabolism that results from renal tubular resistance to vasopressin.)
Normally, the hypothalamus synthesizes vasopressin. The posterior pituitary gland (or neurohypophysis) stores vasopressin and releases it into general circulation, where it causes the kidneys to reabsorb water by making the distal tubules and collecting duct cells water-permeable. The absence of vasopressin in diabetes insipidus allows the filtered water to be excreted in the urine instead of being reabsorbed.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus involves a defect in the parts of the kidneys that reabsorb water back into the bloodstream. It occurs less commonly than central diabetes insipidus. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus may occur as an inherited disorder in which male children receive the abnormal gene that causes the disease on the X chromosome from their mothers. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus may also be caused by diseases of the kidney (such as polycystic kidney disease) and the effects of certain drugs (such as lithium and amphotericin B).
Diabetes insipidus is rare, affecting 1 in 25,000 people. Males and females are affected equally.
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Pituitary tumors:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Although the exact cause is unknown, a predisposition to pituitary tumors may be inherited through an autosomal dominant trait. Pituitary tumors aren't malignant in the strict sense but, because their growth is invasive, they're considered a neoplastic disease.
Chromophobe adenoma may be associated with production of corticotropin, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, growth hormone (GH), and prolactin; basophil adenoma, with evidence of excess corticotropin production and, consequently, with signs of Cushing's syndrome; eosinophil adenoma, with excessive GH.
Pituitary tumors develop in 1 in 10,000 people. About 15% of tumors located within the skull are pituitary tumors.
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
About prevalence and incidence statistics:
The term 'prevalence' of Pituitary conditions usually refers to the estimated population
of people who are managing Pituitary conditions at any given time.
The term 'incidence' of Pituitary conditions refers to the annual diagnosis rate,
or the number of new cases of Pituitary conditions diagnosed each year.
Hence, these two statistics types can differ:
a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence,
but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence.
For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
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