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Is it acute or chronic? Acute onset of a cough would suggest an acute URI, viral pneumonia, or bronchopneumonia. A chronic cough is more suggestive of pneumoconiosis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis, ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Initial history of cough should include an assessment of the production of sputum, and the quantity, quality, and circumstances of the sputum production and coughing episodes. Additionally, associated history and physical findings, with particular attention to inciting factors... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Initial history of cough should include an assessment of the production of sputum. Additionally, associated history and physical findings, with particular attention to the quantity, quality, and circumstances surrounding coughing episodes and social details (such as history of smoking,... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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A cough occurs by increased intrathoracic pressure against a closed glottis (Valsalva maneuver), followed by the abrupt opening of the glottis and a sudden expulsion of air. Increased intrathoracic pressure leads to dynamic compression of the airways. The effect of air... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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In adults, “chronic” is often defined as more than 3 months of coughing in 2 years, but chronic cough is not as well defined in children. In general, for children, cough of more than 3–4 weeks’ duration will be brought to the attention of caregivers as ... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... The differential diagnosis of cough is best developed with the use of anatomy. Cough may arise from an irritative focus anywhere along the respiratory tract. The irritation may be intrinsic, in which case it is usually inflammatory, neoplastic, or toxic, or it may be extrinsic,
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... Productive coughing is the body's mechanism for clearing airway passages of accumulated secretions that normal mucociliary action doesn't remove. It's a sudden, forceful, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs that contains sputum, blood, or both... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Resonant, brassy, and harsh, a barking cough is part of a complex of signs and symptoms that characterize croup syndrome, a group of pediatric disorders marked by varying degrees of respiratory distress. It's most prevalent in the fall and may recur in the same child.
... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations
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... A nonproductive cough is a noisy, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs that doesn't yield sputum or blood. It's one of the most common complaints of patients with respiratory disorders.
Coughing is a necessary protective mechanism... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Acute
Viral upper respiratory infection
Pharyngitis
Rhinitis
Tracheobronchitis
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... Pneumonia is an acute infection of the lung parenchyma that commonly impairs gas exchange. The prognosis is generally good for people who have normal lungs and adequate host defenses before the onset of pneumonia; however, pneumonia is the sixth leading cause of... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP), also known as cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, is one of several types of bronchiolitis obliterans. Organizing pneumonia refers to unresolved pneumonia, in which inflammatory alveolar exudate... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Because of its association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), an opportunistic infection, has increased in incidence since the 1980s. Before the advent of PCP prophylaxis, this disease was the first clue in... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Signs and Symptoms Coughing, sputum production, pleuritic chest pain, shaking, chills, fever, pleural effusion
Treatment (Tx) Antibiotics, oxygen, mechanical ventilation, increased fluid intake, bed
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... Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection usually caused by the nonmotile, gram-negative coccobacillus Bordetella pertussis and, occasionally, by the related similar bacteria B.... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Productive coughing is the body’s mechanism for clearing airway passages of accumulated secretions that normal mucociliary action doesn’t remove. It’s a sudden, forceful, noisy expulsion of air (from the lungs) that contains... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Resonant, brassy, and harsh, a barking cough is part of a complex of signs and symptoms that characterize croup syndrome, a group of pediatric disorders marked by varying degrees of respiratory distress. Croup syndrome is most common in boys and most... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations
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... A nonproductive cough is a noisy, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs that doesn’t yield sputum or blood. It’s one of the most common complaints of patients with respiratory disorders.
Coughing is a necessary protective mechanism that clears airway passages.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Désirée A. Lie
Cough is among the top 10 reasons for visits to family physicians in the United States. It accounts for 200 to 400 million episodes of illness per year. Three causal conditions increasing in frequency over the past two decades are asthma... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Differential Overview
❑ Streptococcus pneumoniae
❑ Mycoplasma pneumoniae
❑ Haemophilus influenzae
❑ Chlamydia pneumoniae ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Viral upper respiratory infection
❑ Asthma
❑ Sinusitis
❑ Mycoplasma bronchitis
❑ Pneumonia ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Upper respiratory infection
❑ Allergy
❑ Asthma
❑ Chronic bronchitis
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... An acute infection of the lung paren-chyma, pneumonia often impairs gas exchange. The prognosis is generally good for people with normal lungs and adequate host defenses before the onset of pneumonia. However, pneumonia is the seventh leading cause of death in the United... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP), also known as cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, is one of several types of bronchiolitis obliterans. Bronchiolitis obliterans is a generic term used to describe an inflammatory disease of... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Because of its association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), an opportunistic infection, has become more widespread since the 1980s. Before the advent of PCP prophylaxis, this disease was the first... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Productive coughing is the body’s mechanism for clearing airway passages of accumulated secretions that normal mucociliary action doesn’t remove. It’s a sudden, forceful, noisy expulsion of air (from the lungs) that contains sputum, blood, or both. The sputum’s color,... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Resonant, brassy, and harsh, a barking cough is part of a complex of signs and symptoms that characterize croup syndrome, a group of pediatric disorders marked by varying degrees of respiratory distress. Croup syndrome is most common in boys. It’s most prevalent in the fall and may... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... Productive coughing is the body’s mechanism for clearing airway passages of accumulated secretions that normal mucociliary action doesn’t remove. It’s a sudden, forceful, noisy expulsion of air (from the lungs) that contains sputum or blood (or both). The sputum&rsquo... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Resonant, brassy, and harsh, a barking cough is part of a complex of signs and symptoms that characterize croup syndrome, a group of pediatric disorders marked by varying degrees of respiratory distress. Croup syndrome is most common in boys and most prevalent... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... A nonproductive cough is a noisy, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs that doesn’t yield sputum. It’s one of the most common complaints of patients with respiratory disorders.
Coughing is a necessary protective mechanism that... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Definedas sound that occurs on sudden release of air under high pressure,which is generated by forceful contraction of expiratory musclesagainst a closed glottis. Clinical dilemma is to determine whethercoughing is associated with mild illness or more... Principal Causes of Cough ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... Productive coughing is the body's mechanism for clearing airway passages of accumulated secretions that normal mucociliary action doesn't remove. It's a sudden, forceful, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs that contains sputum, blood, or both. The sputum... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... Resonant, brassy, and harsh, a barking cough is part of a complex of signs and symptoms that characterize croup syndrome, a group of pediatric disorders marked by varying degrees of respiratory distress. It's most prevalent in the fall and may recur in the same child.
A... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... A nonproductive cough is a noisy, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs that doesn't yield sputum or blood. It's one of the most common complaints of patients with respiratory disorders.
Coughing is a necessary protective mechanism that clears... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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The differential diagnosis of cough is best developed with the use of
anatomy. Cough may arise from an irritative focus anywhere along the
respiratory tract. The irritation may be intrinsic, in which case it
is usually... Pictures
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