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Is there decreased hair and skin pigment? These findings would suggest phenylketonuria.
Are there abnormal secondary sex characteristics? These findings would suggest Klinefelter's syndrome, Turner's syndrome, and ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there associated hyperphagia? If the patient recognizes that he or she has a ravenous appetite or eats more than is necessary, the possibility of an insulinoma or Fröhlich's syndrome should be considered.
... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there a history of drug ingestion? Many drugs produce muscular cramps. The most notable are the diuretics.
Are there absent or diminished peripheral pulses? Absent or diminished peripheral ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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By definition, 3% of normal children are short: A height 2 standard deviations (SD) below the mean for age. Dwarfism is defined as height more than 3 SD below the mean; midget is a dwarf with normal body proportions. Growth failure (worth careful evaluation)... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Hypotonia can present as decreased resistance to passive movement and increased range of motion of joints. Etiology may be abnormalities of the brain, anterior horn cells of the spinal cord, peripheral nerve, neuromuscular junction, or muscle. Neurologic... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Pediatric obesity is increasing at epidemic proportions. The Centers for Disease Control define “at risk of overweight” as a body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) of ≥85%ile and <95%ile for age and sex, and “>... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... The differential diagnosis of obesity, like that of weight loss, is best developed using physiology because most cases of obesity are caused by an absolute increased intake of calories or a relative increased intake of calories over output of energy.
... READ EXCERPTS »
... To develop a list of possible causes of muscular cramps think of anatomy and physiology. Anatomically a muscle bundle is supplied by arteries, veins and nerves. Considering the arteries will prompt the recall of
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Primary
Acquired
Adult seminiferous tubule failure
Amyloidosis
Autoimmune destruction
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Hypogonadism is a condition resulting from decreased androgen production in males, which may impair spermatogenesis (causing infertility) and inhibit the development of normal secondary sex characteristics. (See Production of sperm.) The clinical effects of androgen deficiency... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... The American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR) defines mental retardation as “significantly subaverage general intellectual function existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior manifesting itself during the developmental period (before age 18).... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Obesity is an excess of body fat, generally 20% above ideal body weight. The prognosis for correction of obesity is poor: Fewer than 30% of patients succeed in losing 20 lb (9 kg), and only half of these maintain the loss over a prolonged period. ... Causes and incidence ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Robert M. Theal
Shortness of breath, or dyspnea, accounts for 3.7% of all visits to medical clinics (1).
Approach The initial history, physical examination, and chest x-ray (CXR) study are... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Caloric excess
❑ Depression
❑ Drugs
❑ Hypothyroidism
&... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Hypotonia(decreased muscle tone) can be recognized by diminished resistanceto passive stretching of joints, by increased range of passive movement,and by the more "flappable" nature of an extremityin response to rapid movement. Weakness (diminished muscle power)can be... Principal Causes of Hypotonia and Weakness ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... Obesitycan be defined as an excess of body fat. Children with obesity are at risk fordevelopment of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, sleep apnea, anddyslipidemia. They also may lack confidence and self-esteem andcan develop significant depression. There are... Principal Causes of Obesity ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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...
The differential diagnosis of obesity, like that of weight loss, is
best developed using physiology because most cases of obesity are
caused by an absolute increased intake of calories or a relative increased
intake of calories over output of... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
To develop a list of possible causes of muscular cramps, think of
anatomy and physiology. Anatomically a muscle bundle is
supplied by arteries, veins, and nerves. Considering the arteries will
prompt the recall of... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Author:
Sonya Burroughs, MD
What to Do - Gather Appropriate Data
MRiscommon,affectingapproximately1%to 3% ofthegeneral population
and defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) of <70, coupled with limitations
in adaptive abilities.
The>... Suggested Readings
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Rita Panoscha, MD Mental Retardation - BASICS Mental Retardation - description Mental retardation essentially means slow rate of learning or slow cognitive processing abilities. By definition, there are significant cognitive and ... Mental Retardation - DIAGNOSIS ... Mental Retardation - TREATMENT ... Mental Retardation - FOLLOW UP ... Mental Retardation - bibliography ... Mental Retardation - CODES ... Mental Retardation - FAQ
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Sandra Gibson Hassink, MD
George A. Datto III, MD
Obesity - BASICS
Obesity - description
A chronic disease defined as having an excess of body fat. Body mass index (BMI), which is defined as weight in kilograms divided by... Obesity - DIAGNOSIS ... Obesity - TREATMENT ... Obesity - FOLLOW UP ... Obesity - bibliography ... Obesity - CODES ... Obesity - FAQ
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... Mitchell R. M. Schwartz, MD Short Stature - BASICS Short Stature - description Short stature is defined as height below the 3rd percentile, but many pediatricians use the 5th percentile ... Short Stature - DIAGNOSIS ... Short Stature - TREATMENT ... Short Stature - FOLLOW UP ... Short Stature - bibliography ... Short Stature - CODES
... READ EXCERPTS »
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