Prevalence and Incidence of Prader-Willi syndrome
Prevalance of Prader-Willi syndrome:
estimated 1 per 10,000 - 25,000 people suffer from Prader-Willi syndrome, Genetics Home Reference website ... see also overview of Prader-Willi syndrome.
Prevalance Rate:
approx 1 in 10,000 or 0.01% or 27,200 people in USA [Source statistic for calcuation: "estimated 1 per 10,000 - 25,000 people suffer from Prader-Willi syndrome, Genetics Home Reference website" -- see also general information about data sources]
Prader-Willi syndrome: Rare Disease
Prader-Willi syndrome is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of
Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health
(NIH). This means that Prader-Willi syndrome, or a subtype of Prader-Willi syndrome,
affects less than 200,000 people in the US population.
Ophanet, who are a consortium of European partners,
currently defines a condition rare when if affects 1 person per 2,000.
They list Prader-Willi syndrome as a "rare disease".
More information about Prader-Willi syndrome is available from Orphanet
Prader-Willi syndrome Prevalence: Book Excerpts
Prevalence/Incidence of Prader-Willi syndrome: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Prader-Willi syndrome.
Hypogonadism:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Primary hypogonadism results directly from interstitial (Leydig’s cell) cellular or seminiferous tubular damage due to faulty development or mechanical damage. This causes increased secretion of gonadotropins by the pituitary in an attempt to increase the testicular functional state and is therefore termed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. This form of hypogonadism includes Klinefelter syndrome, Reifenstein’s syndrome, Turner syndrome, Sertoli-cell-only syndrome, anorchism, orchitis, and sequelae of irradiation.
Secondary hypogonadism is due to faulty interaction within the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, resulting in failure to secrete normal levels of gonadotropins, and is therefore termed hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. This form of hypogonadism includes hypopituitarism, isolated follicle-stimulating hormone deficiency, isolated luteinizing hormone deficiency, Kallmann’s syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome. Depending on the patient’s age at onset, hypogonadism may cause eunuchism (complete gonadal failure) or eunuchoidism (partial failure).
Medications, such as exogenous testosterone or anabolic steroids, can also cause of hypogonadism, resulting in infertility.
Hypogonadism is rare, and it has no racial predilection.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Mental retardation:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
A specific cause is identifiable in only about 25% of people who are mentally retarded, and, of these, only 10% have the potential for cure. (See Causes of mental retardation.) In the remaining 75%, predisposing factors, such as deficient prenatal or perinatal care, inadequate nutrition, poor social environment, and poor child-rearing practices, contribute significantly to mental retardation.
Prenatal screening for genetic defects (such as Tay-Sachs disease) and counseling for families at risk for specific defects have reduced the incidence of genetically transmitted mental retardation.
An estimated 1% to 3% of the population is mentally retarded, demonstrating an IQ below 70 and associated difficulty in carrying out tasks required for personal independence.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Obesity:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Obesity results from excessive calorie intake and inadequate expenditure of energy. Theories to explain this condition include hypothalamic dysfunction of hunger and satiety centers, genetic predisposition, abnormal absorption of nutrients, and impaired action of GI and growth hormones and of hormonal regulators such as insulin. An inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of obesity has been documented, especially in women. Obesity in parents increases the probability of obesity in children, from genetic or environmental factors, such as activity levels and learned patterns of eating. Psychological factors, such as stress or emotional eating, may also contribute to obesity. Rates of obesity are climbing, and the percentage of children and adolescents who are obese has doubled in the last 20 years.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Mental Retardation:
Mental Retardation - epidemiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
Found in both sexes and all racial and socioeconomic groups
Mental Retardation - prevalence
- Prevalence of mental retardation is generally listed as 2–3% of the population.
- Of the different subcategories of mental retardation, the mild form is the most prevalent, at 85% of those with mental retardation.
- Profound mental retardation is least prevalent, at ~1% of this group.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
Obesity:
Obesity - epidemiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
Obesity - prevalence
2004 data:
- 6–11 years of age: 18.8%
- 12–19 years of age: 17.1%
- Highest rates in Native American and Hispanic children
- 61% of overweight children have at least 1 additional risk factor for heart disease
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
About prevalence and incidence statistics:
The term 'prevalence' of Prader-Willi syndrome usually refers to the estimated population
of people who are managing Prader-Willi syndrome at any given time.
The term 'incidence' of Prader-Willi syndrome refers to the annual diagnosis rate,
or the number of new cases of Prader-Willi syndrome diagnosed each year.
Hence, these two statistics types can differ:
a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence,
but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence.
For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
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