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Is there a history of drug ingestion or injection? This will help diagnose drug reactions and serum sickness, which are common and easily discovered in the history. Patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency may ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there a history of drug ingestion or injection? Of course, the history should reveal that the patient has been on a certain drug or has received certain antitoxins, serums, or vaccines.
Is there a rash? If there is ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Fever is defined as an elevation of normal body temperature (37°C, or 98.6°F). True fever occurs when the body adopts a new thermoregulatory “set point” secondary to the release of pyrogenic cytokines in response to bacteria, viruses,... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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The etiologies of rash with fever are vast, but a systematic approach will help the clinician quickly narrow the differential. Patients who appear “toxic” with fever and prostration must be rapidly and thoroughly evaluated to rule out life... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Cyclic or periodic fever is an unexplained fever that recurs after fever-free periods at almost predictably fixed intervals. True cyclic fever is rather uncommon in childhood; it should be differentiated from recurrent fever, which refers to fever prone to relapse at... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Recurrent or relapsing fever is a cluster of febrile episodes that occur over a period of time, with documented fever-free intervals and without an apparent medical cause for each episode. It should be differentiated from cyclic fever, which refers to febrile episodes with periodicity,... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is a term that is often misused to describe febrile illness without an obvious etiology or without other symptoms. The definition in different studies is arbitrary, but basically refers to at least 2 weeks of daily... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Fever is an elevation of body temperature over the normal daily range for a specific individual in response to different insults. It occurs when the thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus is reset to higher temperature because of exogenous and endogenous pyrogens. It should be... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... The differential diagnosis of fever is best developed using physiology first and anatomy second.
FEVER, NONINFECTIOUS CAUSES
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...Pyrexia
A fever is a common sign that can arise from many disorders. Because these disorders can affect virtually any body system, a fever in the absence of other signs usually has little diagnostic significance. A persistent high fever, though,... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Infection
Bacterial
Bacterial endocarditis
Sinusitis
Osteomyelitis
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... Infections
Bacterial
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Salmonella spp.
Haemophilus influenzae
Staphylococcus
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... Pneumonia is an acute infection of the lung parenchyma that commonly impairs gas exchange. The prognosis is generally good for people who have normal lungs and adequate host defenses before the onset of pneumonia; however, pneumonia is the sixth... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Ornithosis (also called psittacosis or parrot fever) is caused by the gram-negative intracellular parasite Chlamydia psittaci and is transmitted by infected birds. This disease occurs worldwide and is mainly associated with... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Signs and Symptoms Coughing, sputum production, pleuritic chest pain, shaking, chills, fever, pleural effusion
Treatment (Tx) Antibiotics, oxygen, mechanical ventilation, increased fluid intake, bed rest, analgesics
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... Idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP), also known as cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, is one of several types of bronchiolitis obliterans. Organizing pneumonia refers to unresolved pneumonia, in which inflammatory alveolar exudate... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Colorado tick fever is a benign infection caused by the Colorado tick fever arbo-virus and transmitted to humans by a tick. It occurs in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States, mostly in April and May at lower altitudes and in June and... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Lassa fever is an epidemic hemorrhagic fever caused by the Lassa virus, an extremely virulent arenavirus. This highly fatal disorder kills 10% to 50% of its victims, but those who survive its early stages usually recover and acquire immunity to secondary attacks. ... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Because of its association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), an opportunistic infection, has increased in incidence since the 1980s. Before the advent of PCP prophylaxis, this... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... An acute infectious disease caused by spirochetes of the genus Borrelia, relapsing fever (also called tick, fowl-nest, cabin, or vagabond fever or bilious typhoid) is transmitted to humans by lice or ticks and is characterized by... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Acute rheumatic fever is a systemic inflammatory disease of childhood, in many cases recurrent, that follows a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection. Rheumatic heart disease refers to the cardiac manifestations of rheumatic fever and includes pancarditis (myocarditis,... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a febrile, rash-producing illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii. The disease is transmitted to humans by a tick bite.
RMSF is fatal in about 5% of patients. Mortality rises when... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Chlamydial infections — including urethritis in men and urethritis and cervicitis in women — are a group of infections that are linked to one organism: Chlamydia trachomatis. Trachoma inclusion conjunctivitis, a chlamydial infection that seldom... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Fever is a common sign that can arise from numerous disorders. Because these disorders can affect virtually any body system, fever in the absence of other signs usually has little diagnostic significance. A persistent high fever, though,... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Lyle J. Fagnan
Fever is a physiologic state in which the body temperature is elevated above the individual’s normal temperature. Patients and clinicians consider fever an important sign of illness.
Approach to the febrile ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing. ... Diagnostic assessment. ... Pictures
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... Michael L. O’Dell
Fever with an accompanying rash represents a diagnostic challenge for even the most experienced of clinicians, as this combination of signs can represent trivial or life-threatening illnesses.
Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Differential Overview
❑ Streptococcus pneumoniae
❑ Mycoplasma pneumoniae
❑ Haemophilus influenzae
❑ Chlamydia pneumoniae
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
Infection
❑ HIV
❑ Tuberculosis
❑ Endocarditis
❑ Osteomyelitis
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... An acute infection of the lung paren-chyma, pneumonia often impairs gas exchange. The prognosis is generally good for people with normal lungs and adequate host defenses before the onset of pneumonia. However, pneumonia is the seventh leading cause of death in... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP), also known as cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, is one of several types of bronchiolitis obliterans. Bronchiolitis obliterans is a generic term used to describe an inflammatory disease of the small... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Because of its association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), an opportunistic infection, has become more widespread since the 1980s. Before the advent of PCP prophylaxis, this disease was the first clue in about 60% of... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Often recurrent, acute rheumatic fever is a systemic inflammatory disease of childhood that follows a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection. Rheumatic heart disease refers to the cardiac manifestations of rheumatic fever, including pancarditis (myocarditis,... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Urethritis in men and urethritis and cervicitis in women make up a group of infections that are linked to one organism: Chlamydia trachomatis. These chlamydial infections are the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the United States,... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Fever is a common sign that can arise from any one of several disorders. Because these disorders can affect virtually any body system, fever in the absence of other signs usually has little diagnostic significance. A persistent high fever, though, represents an emergency. ... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Fever, or pyrexia, is a common sign that can arise from any one of several disorders. Because these disorders can affect virtually any body system, fever in the absence of other signs usually has little diagnostic significance. A persistent high fever,... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Occurs whenpathologic process causes body temperature to exceed normal range. DuBois suggested that usual range ofnormal body temperature is 97–100.4°F (36.2–38.0°C)rectal or 96.8–99.3°F (36.0–37.4°C)oral. Rectal temperature... Principal Causes of Acute Fever ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Acute Fever ... Diagnostic Approach: Acute Fever ... Principal Causes of Fever of Unknown Origin ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Fever of Unknown Origin ... Diagnostic Approach: Fever of Unknown Origin ... References
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... A fever is a common sign that can arise from many disorders. Because these disorders can affect virtually any body system, a fever in the absence of other signs usually has little diagnostic significance. A persistent high fever, though, represents an emergency.
A fever... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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The differential diagnosis of fever is best developed using
physiology first and anatomy second.
Physiology. Increased heat in the body is caused by increased
production or decreased elimination or dysfunction of the thermoregulatory
system... Pictures
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... Sumit Bhargava, MD Chlamydial Infections - BASICS Chlamydial Infections - description Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria responsible for pulmonary infections, ocular trachoma, STDs, and infections of the genital tract in the pediatric... Chlamydial Infections - DIAGNOSIS ... Chlamydial Infections - FOLLOW UP ... Chlamydial Infections - bibliography ... Chlamydial Infections - CODES ... Chlamydial Infections - FAQ
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... Nicholas Tsarouhas, MD
Psittacosis - BASICS
Psittacosis - description
An acute febrile disease characterized by pneumonitis and other systemic symptoms. The name is derived from the Greek for parrot, ... Psittacosis - DIAGNOSIS ... Psittacosis - TREATMENT ... Psittacosis - FOLLOW UP ... Psittacosis - bibliography ... Psittacosis - CODES ... Psittacosis - FAQ
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