All statistics for Puerperal fever
Prevalence/Incidence of Puerperal fever: Online Medical Books
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for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Puerperal fever.
Colorado tick fever:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Colorado tick fever is transmitted to humans by a hard-shelled wood tick called Dermacentor andersoni. The adult tick acquires the virus when it bites infected rodents and remains permanently infective.
Incidence is high in Colorado, where up to 15% of people who regularly camp show past exposure. It's much less common in the rest of the United States.
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Lassa fever:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
A chronic infection in rodents, Lassa virus is transmitted to humans by contact with infected rodent urine, feces, and saliva. The virus enters the bloodstream, lymph vessels, and respiratory and digestive tracts. It then multiplies in the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. In the early stages of this illness, when the virus is in the throat, human transmission may occur through inhalation of infected droplets.
As many as 100 cases of Lassa fever occur annually in western Africa; the disease is rare in the United States.
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Relapsing fever:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
The body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis) carries louse-borne relapsing fever (B. recurrentis), which typically occurs in epidemics during wars, famines, and mass migrations. Cold weather and crowded living conditions also favor the spread of body lice.
Inoculation takes place when the victim crushes the louse, causing its infected blood or body fluid to soak into the victim's bitten or abraded skin or mucous membranes.
Louse-borne relapsing fever is most common in North and Central Africa, Europe, Asia, and South America. No cases of louse-borne relapsing fever have been reported in the United States since 1900.
Tick-borne relapsing fever, however, is found in the United States and is caused by at least 15 Borrelia species; the three species most commonly identified with tick carriers are B. hermsii (associated with Ornithodoros hermsi), B. turicatae (associated with O. turicata), and B. parkeri (associated with O. parkeri). This form of the disease is most prevalent in Texas and other western states, usually during the summer when ticks and their hosts (chipmunks, goats, squirrels, rabbits, mice, rats, owls, lizards, and prairie dogs) are most active. In the colder weather, outbreaks sometimes afflict people such as campers who sleep in tick-infested cabins.
Because tick bites are virtually painless and most Ornithodoros ticks feed at night but don’t imbed themselves in the victim’s skin, many people are bitten unknowingly.
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Rheumatic fever appears to be a hypersensitivity reaction to a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection, in which antibodies manufactured to combat streptococci react and produce characteristic lesions at specific tissue sites, especially in the heart and joints. Because very few persons (3%) with streptococcal infections ever contract rheumatic fever, altered host resistance must be involved in its development or recurrence. Although rheumatic fever tends to be familial, this may merely reflect contributing environmental factors. For example, in lower socioeconomic groups, incidence is highest in children between ages 5 and 15, probably as a result of malnutrition and crowded living conditions. This disease strikes generally during cool, damp weather in the winter and early spring. In the United States, it’s most common in the northern states.
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Rocky Mountain spotted fever:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
R. rickettsii is transmitted to a human or small animal by the prolonged bite (4 to 6 hours) of an adult tick — the wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni) in the west and by the dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) in the east. Occasionally, it's acquired through inhalation (it can occur in laboratory settings where aerosolization of blood and specimens may occur) or through the contact of abraded skin with tick excreta or tissue juices. (This explains why people should'nt crush ticks between their fingers when removing them from other people and animals.) In most tick-infested areas, 1% to 5% of the ticks harbor R. rickettsii.
Endemic throughout the continental United States, RMSF is particularly prevalent in the southeast and southwest. Because RMSF is associated with outdoor activities, such as camping and backpacking, the incidence of this illness is usually higher in the spring and summer. Epidemiologic surveillance reports for RMSF indicate that the incidence is also higher in children ages 5 to 9, men and boys, and whites.
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Puerperal infection:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Microorganisms that commonly cause puerperal infection include group B streptococci, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides fragilis, and Escherichia coli. Most of these organisms are considered normal vaginal flora but are known to cause puerperal infection in the presence of certain predisposing factors:
❑ prolonged and premature rupture of the membranes
❑ prolonged (more than 24 hours) labor
❑ frequent or unsanitary vaginal examinations or unsanitary delivery
❑ retained products of conception
❑ hemorrhage
❑ maternal conditions, such as anemia or debilitation from malnutrition
❑ cesarean birth (20-fold increase in risk for puerperal infection).
In the United States, puerperal infection develops in about 6% of maternity patients.
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Sepsis:
Sepsis - epidemiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
Sepsis - incidence
Mortality rates from sepsis vary with age from 5.6 deaths per 100,000 in infants younger than 1 year of age to 0.5 per 100,000 age 1–4 years, and 0.1 per 100,000 age 5–14 years.
Sepsis - prevalence
Sepsis is among the most common (10–25%) medical diagnoses on admission to PICUs.
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Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
About prevalence and incidence statistics:
The term 'prevalence' of Puerperal fever usually refers to the estimated population
of people who are managing Puerperal fever at any given time.
The term 'incidence' of Puerperal fever refers to the annual diagnosis rate,
or the number of new cases of Puerperal fever diagnosed each year.
Hence, these two statistics types can differ:
a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence,
but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence.
For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
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