Treatments for Q fever
Treatments for Q fever
The list of treatments mentioned in various sources
for Q fever
includes the following list.
Always seek professional medical advice about any treatment
or change in treatment plans.
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Differential diagnosis list for Q fever may include:
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Drugs and Medications used to treat Q fever:
Note:You must always seek professional medical advice about any prescription drug, OTC drug, medication, treatment
or change in treatment plans.
Some of the different medications used in the treatment of Q fever include:
- Minocycline
- Dynacin
- Minocin
- Alti-Minocycline
- Apo-Minocycline
- Gen-Minoycline
- Novo-Minocycline
- PMS-Minocycline
- Rhoxal-minocycline
Hospital statistics for Q fever:
These medical statistics relate to hospitals, hospitalization and Q fever:
- 0.0001% (9) of hospital consultant episodes were for Q fever in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 78% of hospital consultant episodes for Q fever required hospital admission in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 44% of hospital consultant episodes for Q fever were for men in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 46% of hospital consultant episodes for Q fever were for women in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 85% of hospital consultant episodes for Q fever required emergency hospital admission in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- more hospital information...»
Discussion of treatments for Q fever:
Doxycycline is the treatment of choice
for acute Q fever. Antibiotic treatment is most effective when initiated
within the first 3 days of illness. A dose of 100 mg of doxycycline taken
orally twice daily for 15-21 days is a frequently prescribed therapy.
Quinolone antibiotics have demonstrated good in vitro activity against
C. burnetii
and may be considered by the physician. Therapy should be started again if
the disease relapses.
Chronic Q fever endocarditis is much more difficult to
treat effectively and often requires the use of multiple drugs. Two
different treatment protocols have been evaluated: 1) doxycycline in
combination with quinolones for at least 4 years and 2) doxycycline in
combination with hydroxychloroquine for 1.5 to 3 years. The second therapy
leads to fewer relapses, but requires routine eye exams to detect
accumulation of chloroquine. Surgery to remove damaged valves may be required for some cases of C.
burnetii endocarditis. (Source: excerpt from Q Fever: DVRD)
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Treatments of Q fever: Online Medical Books
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for more information about the treatments of Q fever.
Fever:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Initial treatment of fever includes antipyretics (e.g., acetaminophen, NSAIDs)
-
Infection should be treated with appropriate antimicrobial therapy and tailored as antibiotic sensitivities are identified
–Many cases of deep-seated infection or abscess require percutaneous or surgical drainage
-
Fever due to malignancy will usually regress with surgical debulking, chemotherapy, and/or radiation directed at the primary tumor
-
Rheumatologic disorders may require NSAIDs, steroids, methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, or other cytotoxic agents
-
Dantrolene for malignant hypothermia
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Rash with Fever:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Supportive management and thorough evaluation for multisystem disease is imperative in this patient subset.
-
Doxycycline is the treatment of choice for RMSF, while ceftriaxone is commonly used for meningococcal therapy; because these two diseases can present similarly and rapidly evolve, many clinicians empirically treat with both of these antibiotics until the diagnosis is confirmed
-
Unfortunately, a complete discussion of fever and rash is far beyond the scope of this brief excerpt; the importance of rapid and accurate assessment of every patient presenting with this complaint cannot be overemphasized; rule out the most serious diagnoses first, then “a watch and wait” approach may be considered
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Fever – Cyclic:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
PFAPA
–Single dose prednisone with the onset of symptoms
–Prophylactic cimetidine and tonsillectomy have been
tried to prevent recurrences
-
Cyclic neutropenia
–Life-long therapy with GCSF decreases risk of infection
-
Familial Mediterranean fever
–Daily colchicine to prevent attacks and amyloidosis
-
Hyper-IgD
–Prednisone and colchicine have been used
–Even without treatment, attacks decrease with age
-
TRAPS
–Prednisone and etanercept have been reported to be effective
>
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Fever – Recurrent:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Repeated viral illnesses
–Reassurance of the parents
–Advice on antipyretics
–Encourage fluid intake
–Limit of sick exposure if possible
-
UTI
–Antibiotics based on bacteria and sensitivity
–Prophylactic antibiotics if underlying cause is present
-
-
-
Bacterial infections: Bacteria-specific antibiotic
-
JRA, Behçet, or IBD
–Prednisone or immunosuppressive medications
-
TRAPS
–Prednisone and etanercept
-
Familial cold urticaria and Muckle-Wells syndrome
–Prednisone may be used
–If amyloidosis is present, colchicine may be required
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Fever – Unknown Origin:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Specific treatment once diagnosis is made
-
Empiric treatment with antibiotics is to be considered only for critically ill patients
-
Empiric steroids may be justified only if Still disease is suspected
-
Anti-inflammatory agents are sometimes used for a limited period of time and subsequently the patient is observed for recurrence of the fever
-
Cessation of offending drugs
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Fever – Acute:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Treating febrile episodes is common despite substantial evidence that fever is more beneficial than harmful; exception is patient with history of febrile seizures
-
Antipyretics are relatively safe drugs that inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and reduce hypothalamic set point to normal
-
Acetaminophen is safest antipyretic for young children
-
Aspirin must be avoided (risk of Reye syndrome)
-
NSAIDs are potent antipyretics and have antiinflammatory effects
-
Physical methods (cooling blankets, lukewarm baths) may be counterproductive if not combined with an antipyretic; alcohol baths are not recommended
-
Most viral syndromes are self-limited, requiring only antipyretics and increased fluid intake for risk of dehydration
-
Empiric treatment with antibiotics and hospitalization recommended only in neonates and critically ill patients
>>>>
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Fever:
Emergency interventions
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
If you detect a fever higher than 106° F, take the patient’s other vital signs and determine his level of consciousness (LOC). Administer an antipyretic and begin rapid cooling measures: Apply ice packs to the axillae and groin, give tepid sponge baths, or apply a cooling blanket. These methods may evoke a cooling response; to prevent this, constantly monitor the patient’s rectal temperature.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Pneumonia:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Antimicrobial therapy varies with the causative agent. Therapy should be reevaluated early in the course of treatment. Supportive measures include humidified oxygen therapy for hypoxemia, mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure, a high-calorie diet and adequate fluid intake, bed rest, and an analgesic to relieve pleuritic chest pain. Patients with severe pneumonia on mechanical ventilation may require positive end-expiratory pressure to facilitate adequate oxygenation.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Acute pneumonia:
Treatment (Tx)
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Antibiotics, oxygen, mechanical ventilation, increased fluid intake, bed rest, analgesics
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Corticosteroids are the current treatment for BOOP, although the ideal dosage and duration of treatment remain topics of discussion. Relapse is common when steroids are tapered off or stopped. This usually can be reversed when steroids are increased or resumed. Occasionally, a patient may need to continue corticosteroids indefinitely.
Immunosuppressive-cytotoxic drugs, such as cyclophosphamide, have been used in the few cases of intolerance or unresponsiveness.
Oxygen is used to correct hypoxemia. The patient may need either no oxygen or a small amount of oxygen at rest and a greater amount when he exercises.
Other treatments vary, depending on the patient’s symptoms, and may include inhaled bronchodilators, cough suppressants, and bronchial hygiene therapies.
BOOP is very responsive to treatment and usually can be completely reversed with corticosteroid therapy. However, a few deaths have been reported, particularly in patients who had more widespread pathologic changes in the lung or patients who developed opportunistic infections or other complications related to steroid therapy.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Colorado tick fever:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
After correct removal of the tick, supportive treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, combating secondary infection, and maintaining fluid balance. Colorado tick fever needs to be differentiated from Rocky Mountain spotted fever and tularemia.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Lassa fever:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Treatment of Lassa fever includes I.V. ribavirin, I.V. colloids for shock, analgesics for pain, and antipyretics for fever. Infusion of immune plasma from patients who have recovered from Lassa fever may be useful, but test results on the benefit of this type of therapy are inconclusive.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
PCP may respond to drug therapy with co-trimoxazole. Other agents used to treat PCP include pentamidine, trimethoprim-dapsone, clindamycin, primaquine, and atovaquone. Corticosteroids are frequently used as well. However, because of immune system impairment, many patients with PCP, who also have HIV, experience severe adverse reactions to drug therapy.
Supportive measures, such as oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, adequate nutrition, and fluid balance, are important adjunctive therapies. Oral morphine sulfate solution may reduce the respiratory rate and anxiety, thereby enhancing oxygenation.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Relapsing fever:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Doxycycline or erythromycin is the treatment of choice and should continue for 4 to 5 days. In cases of drug allergy or resistance, penicillin G may be administered as an alternative. However, neither drug should be given at the height of a severe febrile attack because it may cause Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, resulting in malaise, rigors, leukopenia, flushing, fever, tachycardia, rising respiration rate, and hypotension. This reaction, which is caused by toxic by-products from massive spirochete destruction, can mimic septic shock and may prove fatal. Antimicrobial therapy should be postponed until the fever subsides. Until then, supportive therapy (consisting of parenteral fluids and electrolytes) should be given.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Effective management eradicates the streptococcal infection, relieves symptoms, and prevents recurrence, reducing the chance of permanent cardiac damage. During the acute phase, treatment includes penicillin, sulfadiazine, or erythromycin. Salicylates such as aspirin relieve fever and minimize joint swelling and pain; if carditis is present or salicylates fail to relieve pain and inflammation, corticosteroids may be used. Supportive treatment requires strict bed rest for about 5 weeks during the acute phase with active carditis, followed by a progressive increase in physical activity, depending on clinical and laboratory findings and the response to treatment.
After the acute phase subsides, low-dose antibiotics may be used to prevent recurrence. Such preventive treatment usually continues for 5 years or until age 21 (whichever is longer). Heart failure necessitates continued bed rest and diuretics. Severe mitral or aortic valve dysfunction that causes persistent heart failure requires corrective valvular surgery, including commissurotomy (separation of the adherent, thickened leaflets of the mitral valve), valvuloplasty (inflation of a balloon within a valve), or valve replacement (with prosthetic valve). Such surgery is seldom necessary before late adolescence.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Rocky Mountain spotted fever:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Treatment requires careful removal of the tick and administration of antibiotics, such as chloramphenicol or tetracycline (preferably doxycycline), until 3 days after the fever subsides. Treatment also includes symptomatic measures and, in DIC, heparin and platelet transfusion.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Fever [Pyrexia]:
Emergency interventions
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
If you detect a fever higher than 106° F (41.1° C), take the patient’s other vital signs and determine his level of consciousness (LOC). Administer an antipyretic and begin rapid cooling measures: Apply ice packs to the axillae and groin, give tepid sponge baths, or apply a cooling blanket. These methods may evoke a cooling response; to prevent this, constantly monitor the patient’s rectal temperature.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Pneumonia:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Antimicrobial therapy varies with the causative agent. Therapy should be reevaluated early in the course of treatment.
Supportive measures include humidified oxygen therapy for hypoxia, mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure, a high-calorie diet and adequate fluid intake, bed rest, and an analgesic to relieve pleuritic chest pain. Patients with severe pneumonia on mechanical ventilation may require positive end-expiratory pressure to facilitate adequate oxygenation.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia, idiopathic:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Corticosteroids are the treatment of choice for BOOP, although the ideal dosage and duration of treatment remain topics of discussion. In most cases, treatment begins with 1 mg/kg/day of prednisone for at least several days to several weeks; the dosage is then gradually reduced over several months to a year, depending on the patient’s response. Relapse is common when the steroid dosage is tapered off or stopped but usually can be reversed when the dosage is increased or resumed. Occasionally, a patient may need to continue corticosteroid therapy indefinitely.
Immunosuppressant-cytotoxic drugs, such as cyclophosphamide, have been used in the few cases in which the patient couldn’t tolerate or was unresponsive to corticosteroids.
Oxygen is used to correct hypoxemia. The patient may need either no oxygen or a small amount of oxygen at rest and a greater amount when he exercises.
Other treatments vary, depending on the patient’s symptoms, and may include an inhaled bronchodilator, a cough suppressant, and bronchial hygiene therapy.
BOOP is responsive to treatment and usually can be completely reversed with corticosteroid therapy. However, a few deaths have been reported, particularly in patients who had more widespread pathologic changes in the lungs or patients who developed opportunistic infections or other complications related to steroid therapy.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
PCP may respond to drug therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Because of immune system impairment, many patients with HIV experience adverse reactions to drug therapy; diphenhydramine may be prescribed to reduce these adverse effects.
Pentamidine may be administered I.V. or in aerosol form. I.V. pentamidine is associated with a high incidence of severe toxic effects; the inhaled form is usually well tolerated. However, inhaled pentamidine may not effectively reach the lung apices. Adverse reactions associated with inhalation include metallic taste, pharyngitis, cough, bronchospasm, shortness of breath, rhinitis, and laryngitis.
Supportive measures, such as oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, adequate nutrition, and fluid balance, are important adjunctive therapies.
CLINICAL TIP: Oral or I.V. morphine sulfate may reduce the respiratory rate and anxiety, thereby enhancing oxygenation.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Effective management eradicates the streptococcal infection, relieves symptoms, and prevents recurrence, reducing the chance of permanent cardiac damage.
Treatment in acute phase
During the acute phase, treatment includes low doses of antibiotics, such as penicillin, sulfadiazine, or erythro-mycin. Salicylates, such as aspirin, can help relieve fever and minimize joint swelling and pain; if carditis is present or the salicylate fails to relieve pain and inflammation, corticosteroids may be used.
Supportive treatment requires strict bed rest for about 5 weeks during the acute phase with active carditis, followed by a progressive increase in physical activity, depending on clinical and laboratory findings and the patient’s response to treatment.
Preventive treatment
After the acute phase subsides, the patient is maintained on low-dose antibiotic therapy, especially during the first 3 to 5 years after the initial episode of rheumatic fever, to prevent recurrence. Such preventive treatment usually continues for 5 to 10 years.
Surgery and other measures
Heart failure necessitates continued bed rest and diuretic therapy. Severe mitral or aortic valvular dysfunction causing persistent heart failure requires corrective valvular surgery, including commissurotomy (separation of the adherent, thickened leaflets of the mitral valve), valvuloplasty (inflation of a balloon within a valve), or valve replacement (with a prosthetic valve). Corrective valvular surgery is rarely necessary before late adolescence.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Fever:
Nursing considerations
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
Regularly monitor the patient’s temperature, and record it on a chart for easy follow-up of the temperature curve. Provide increased fluid and nutritional intake. When administering a prescribed antipyretic, minimize resultant chills and diaphoresis by following a regular dosage schedule. Promote patient comfort by maintaining a stable room temperature and providing frequent changes of bedding and clothing. Prepare the patient for laboratory tests, such as complete blood count and cultures of blood, urine, sputum, and wound drainage.
Patient teaching
If the patient hasn’t been admitted to the facility, ask him to measure his oral temperature at home and record the time and value. Explain that fever is a response to an underlying condition that plays an important role in fighting infection. For this reason, advise him not to take an antipyretic until his body temperature reaches 101° F (38.3° C). Discuss signs and symptoms related to dehydration and when to notify the physician.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series, 2007
Fever:
Emergency Actions
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
If you detect a fever higher than 106° F (41.1° C), take the patient’s other vital signs and determine his level of consciousness (LOC). Administer an antipyretic and begin rapid cooling measures: Apply ice packs to the axillae and groin, give tepid sponge baths, or apply a hypothermia blanket. These methods may evoke a cooling response; to prevent this, constantly monitor the patient’s rectal temperature.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Fever [Pyrexia]:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Regularly monitor and record the patient's temperature.
▪ Provide increased fluid and nutritional intake.
▪ When administering a prescribed antipyretic, minimize chills and diaphoresis by following a regular dosage schedule.
▪ Promote patient comfort by maintaining a stable room temperature and providing frequent changes of bedding and clothing.
▪ For high fevers, initiate treatment with a hypothermia blanket.
▪ Prepare the patient for laboratory tests, such as complete blood count and cultures of blood, urine, sputum, and wound drainage.
Patient teaching
▪ Instruct the patient about the proper way to take an oral temperature at home.
▪ Emphasize the importance of increased fluid intake.
▪ Discuss the proper use of antipyretics and antibiotics.
▪ Teach signs and symptoms that require immediate medical attention.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Community-acquired Pneumonia:
Management
(Pediatric Infectious Disease)
The management of the febrile tachypneic neonate suspected of having pneumonia
is similar to that of neonatal fever. Empiric intravenous antibiotics are
started until culture results are final. Empiric treatment usually consists of
ampicillin combined with gentamicin or a third-generation cephalosporin.
Treatment of
C. trachomatis is with oral erythromycin, 50 mg/kg per day in four divided doses for 2 weeks.
In the past, erythromycin was given to neonates exposed to
C. trachomatis at the time of delivery. Recently, there has been an association reported
between oral erythromycin and the subsequent development of hypertrophic
pyloric stenosis in infants younger than 6 weeks of age. The current
recommendation is to treat with oral erythromycin, 50 mg/kg per day in four
divided doses for 14 days all infants with chlamydial conjunctivitis and
pneumonia. Patients who are exposed at the time of delivery are not
presumptively treated, but rather monitored closely for the development of
disease. Routine screening of all pregnant women for sexually transmitted
disease is helpful in reducing disease by
C. trachomatis.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Pediatric Infectious Disease, 2004
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