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Is there bleeding? The presence of bleeding with pain suggests an anal fissure, hemorrhoids, carcinoma, rectal prolapse, and intussusception.
Is there a mass? The presence of rectal pain along with a mass would suggest internal and ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is it mucopurulent or feculent? A mucopurulent discharge suggests an anal fistula, perirectal abscess, proctitis, anal ulcer, or rectal prolapse. A feculent discharge suggests anal incontinence, internal hemorrhoids, chronic anal ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is it painful? A painful rectal mass should suggest perirectal abscess, thrombosed hemorrhoid, anal ulcer, ruptured ectopic pregnancy, tubo-ovarian abscess, and pelvic appendix.
Is it soft or cystic? The presence of a soft or cystic mass ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Rectal complaints are common and distressing for patients. Although most causes of rectal pain and bleeding are benign and treatable, carcinoma must be considered and ruled out in older patients (>40 years) and those with suggestive findings (e.g., polyps). Many of the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Any mass in the anal canal or rectum should be considered cancer until ruled out. Colorectal cancer must be considered, as it is the second leading cause of cancer death in the U.S., with greater than 40,000 mortalities each year. Early detection and aggressive treatment, and a... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... Practically the whole specialty of proctology is devoted to taking care of patients with rectal pain. To develop the differential diagnosis it is useful first to divide the conditions into extrinsic and intrinsic. To recall the extrinsic
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... Rectal discharges are usually bloody, but the two notable exceptions to this are a ruptured perirectal abscess and an anal fistula (really the end result of the former). Use the mnemonic MINT and a few other conditions that might
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... Of course, the physician is looking for a rectal carcinoma when performing a routine rectal examination, but what else might be found? Use the mnemonic VINDICATE to have a list of possibilities clearly in mind before the examination.
V—Vascular
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... A common symptom of anorectal disorders, rectal pain is discomfort that arises in the anorectal area. Although the anal canal is separated from the rest of the rectum by the internal sphincter, the patient may refer to all local pain as rectal pain.
... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
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... Colorectal cancer is the second most common visceral malignant neoplasm in the United States and Europe. Incidence is equally distributed between men and women. Colorectal malignant tumors are almost always adenocarcinomas. About one-half of these are sessile lesions of the rectosigmoid... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Primarily a disease of older adults, cancer is second only to cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of death in the United States (more than 560,000 deaths annually). More than 67% of patients who die of cancer are older than age 65. The most common cancers... What causes cancer? ... Immune response ... Diagnostic methods ... Staging and grading ... Five major therapies ... Maintaining nutrition and fluid balance ... If the patient can't eat ... Total parenteral nutrition ... Pain control critical ... The hospice approach ... Psychological aspects ... Pictures
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... Malignant spinal neoplasms may be any one of many tumor types similar to intracranial tumors; they involve the cord or its roots and, if untreated, can eventually cause paralysis. As primary tumors, they originate in the meningeal coverings, the parenchyma of the cord or its... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Rectal polyps are masses of tissue that rise above the mucosal membrane and protrude into the GI tract. Types of polyps include common polypoid adenomas, villous adenomas, hereditary polyposis, focal polypoid hyperplasia, and juvenile polyps (hamartomas). Most... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... A common symptom of anorectal disorders, rectal pain is discomfort that arises in the anorectal area. Although the anal canal is separated from the rest of the rectum by the internal sphincter, the patient may refer to all local pain as rectal pain.
Because the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling
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... Differential Overview
❑ Hemorrhoid
❑ Rectal fissure
❑ Prostatitis
❑ Anal fistula
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... In the United States and Europe, colorectal cancer is the second most common visceral neoplasm. Incidence is equally distributed between men and women. Colon cancer affects more than twice as many people as rectal cancer. Incidence increases with age, with most... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... A common symptom of anorectal disorders, rectal pain is discomfort that arises in the anorectal area. Although the anal canal is separated from the rest of the rectum by the internal sphincter, the patient may refer to all local pain as rectal pain.
Because... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... A common symptom of anorectal disorders, rectal pain is discomfort that arises in the anorectal area. Although the anal canal is separated from the rest of the rectum by the internal sphincter, the patient may refer to all local pain as rectal pain.
Because the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
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Practically the whole specialty of proctology is devoted to taking care
of patients with rectal pain. To develop the differential diagnosis it is
useful first to divide the conditions into extrinsic and
intrinsic... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Rectal discharges are usually bloody, but the two notable exceptions to
this are a ruptured perirectal abscess and an anal fistula
(really the end result of the former). Use the mnemonic MINT, and a
few other conditions that might... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Of course, the physician is looking for a rectal carcinoma when
performing a routine rectal examination, but what else might be found? Use
the mnemonic VINDICATE to have a list of possibilities clearly in
mind before the examination... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
Colorectal cancer affects the colon and rectum, and catching it early can save your life. Learn how you can reduce your risk of getting colorectal...
People with colitis and Crohn's disease have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. Listen as experts explain the link between IBD...
All prostate cancers are not the same. Listen as doctors describe treatment options when they believe an early-stage cancer may be particularly...
New research shows some men with very late-stage prostate cancer may benefit from chemotherapy. Learn why doctors are changing their minds about the...