Prevalence and Incidence of Retinopathy of prematurity
Retinopathy of prematurity: Rare Disease
Retinopathy of prematurity is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of
Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health
(NIH). This means that Retinopathy of prematurity, or a subtype of Retinopathy of prematurity,
affects less than 200,000 people in the US population.
Retinopathy of prematurity Prevalence: Book Excerpts
Prevalence/Incidence of Retinopathy of prematurity: Online Medical Books
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Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Retinopathy of prematurity.
Retinal detachment:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Any retinal tear or hole allows the liquid vitreous to seep between the retinal layers, separating the retina from its choroidal blood supply. Predisposing factors include myopia, intraocular surgery, and trauma. In adults, retinal detachment usually results from degenerative changes of aging, which cause a spontaneous retinal hole. Perhaps the influence of trauma explains why retinal detachment is twice as common in males. Retinal detachment may also result from seepage of fluid into the subretinal space (because of inflammation, tumors, or systemic diseases) or from traction that’s placed on the retina by vitreous bands or membranes (due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy, posterior uveitis, or a traumatic intraocular foreign body).
Retinal detachment is rare in children, but occasionally can develop as a result of retinopathy of prematurity, tumors (retinoblastomas), trauma, or myopia (which tends to run in families).
In the United States, approximately 10,000 people per year are affected by retinal detachments.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Vascular retinopathies:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
When one of the arteries maintaining blood circulation in the retina becomes obstructed, the diminished blood flow causes visual deficits. (See Anatomy of vascular retinopathy.)
Central retinal artery occlusion may be idiopathic or may result from embolism, atherosclerosis, infection, or conditions that retard blood flow, such as temporal arteritis, carotid occlusion, and heart failure. This occlusion is rare, occurs unilaterally, and usually affects elderly patients. However, if it occurs in a younger person, the obstruction may have originated in the heart (such as embolization from plaque material from valve vegetations) and should be investigated accordingly.
Causes of central retinal vein occlusion include atherosclerosis, hypertension, optic disk edema, hypercoagulable states (polycythemia, leukemia, or sickle cell disease), glaucoma, retrobulbar compression (such as an orbital tumor), and drugs such as hormonal contraceptives. This form of vascular retinopathy is most prevalent in elderly patients and is characterized by impaired venous outflow.
Diabetic retinopathy results from juvenile or adult diabetes. Microcirculatory changes occur more rapidly when diabetes is poorly controlled. About 90% of patients with juvenile diabetes develop retinopathy within 20 years of onset of diabetes. In adults with diabetes, incidence increases with the duration of diabetes; 80% of patients who have had diabetes for 20 to 25 years develop retinopathy. This condition is a leading cause of acquired adult blindness.
Hypertensive retinopathy results from prolonged hypertensive disease, producing retinal vasospasm, and consequent damage and arteriolar narrowing.
Sickle cell retinopathy results from impaired ability of the sickled cell to pass through microvasculature, producing vaso-occlusion. This leads to microaneurysms, chorioretinal infarction, and retinal detachment.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
About prevalence and incidence statistics:
The term 'prevalence' of Retinopathy of prematurity usually refers to the estimated population
of people who are managing Retinopathy of prematurity at any given time.
The term 'incidence' of Retinopathy of prematurity refers to the annual diagnosis rate,
or the number of new cases of Retinopathy of prematurity diagnosed each year.
Hence, these two statistics types can differ:
a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence,
but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence.
For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
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