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Diseases » Rhabdomyolysis » Glossary

Glossary for Rhabdomyolysis

Albuterol - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Albuterol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
Aldolase A deficiency: A rare condition where a deficiency of the enzyme called aldolase A causes muscle problems and anemia.
Bacterial toxic-shock syndrome: A very rare, potentially fatal infection caused by toxins produced by bacteria, especially bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. The condition is often associated with tampon use but can originate from other sources.
Carnithine deficiency:
Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 deficiency: A very rare inherited deficiency of a particular enzyme (Carnitine palmitoyl transferase I) prevents fatty acids being transported to the part of the cell that converts it to energy.
Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 deficiency: A very rare inherited deficiency of a particular enzyme (Carnitine palmitoyl transferase) which prevents fatty acids being transported to the part of the cell that converts it to energy. There are two main subtypes of the disorder with each involving a slightly different form of the enzyme. Type I can be readily managed through diet. Type II has three subtypes: the myopathic form affects mainly the muscles; the hepatocardiomuscular form affects the liver and heart muscle; and the lethal neonatal form affects muscles and organs and usually results in death during the first year of life.
Carnitine transporter deficiency: An inherited deficiency of carnitine caused by the impaired ability of the carnitine transporter protein to carry the carnitine to where it is needed. Instead the carnitine is excreted through the urine. Fasting or illness can trigger a severe attack.
Cathinone poisoning: Cathinone comes from the leaves of the Khat plant which is native to eastern Africa. Cathinone is a stimulant as well as have pain killing, weight loss and neuromuscular effects. The psychoactive effects are usually utilized by chewing on the leaves of the plant but sometimes dried leaves are used.
Compartment Syndrome: Excessive bleeding or swelling following surgery or injury can result in increased pressure within a section of the arms, legs or buttocks. The increased pressure affects blood flow and can result in tissue death necessitating amputation, nerve damage or muscle damage. The condition can be chronic or acute which is a medical emergency.
Dark urine: A dark discolouration of the urine.
Dermatomyositis: A muscle disease characterized by chronic muscle inflammation resulting in progressive muscle weakness and a characteristic rash.
Electrical burns: Burns caused when an electric current pass through the body or part of it. The symptoms and severity of the burn depends on the strength of the electrical current, the duration of the exposure and the part of the body involved. Prompt treatment in more severe cases can improve the prognosis.
Exercise: The use of the human muscles to improve ones health
Fatigue: Excessive tiredness or weakness.
Fentanyl toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
Fever: Elevation of the body temperature above the normal 37 degrees celsius
Furosemide - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Furosemide during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
Glycogen Storage Disease XIV: A rare genetic disorder where the deficiency of a chemical called phosphoglucomutase-1 results in problems with glycogen storage within the body. The main symptoms tend to revolve around muscle problems.
Heatstroke: Heat exhaustion and collapse from heat exposure
Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome: A very rare severe condition characterized by sudden severe shock, brain disease and liver and kidney dysfunction which occurs in infants. The cause is unknown.
Herbal Agent adverse reaction - Licorice: Licorice can be used as a herbal agent in cough medications and as a food additive in chewing gum and chewing tobacco. The herbal agent contains a chemical called glycyrrhizic acid which can cause an adverse reaction in some people.
Hereditary carnitine deficiency syndrome: An inherited deficiency of carnitine resulting primarily in muscle weakness. The carnitine deficiency may be due to excessive loss of insufficient production.
Hereditary carnitine deficiency syndrome, systemic: An inherited deficiency of carnitine in tissues other than the muscles resulting primarily in muscle weakness.
Hyperkalaemia: Increased concentration of potassium in the blood.
Hyperphosphataemia: An increased level of phosphate in the circulation above that which is considered normal
Hypocalcaemia: Decreased concentration of calcium in the blood.
Hypokalaemia: Decreased concentration of potassium in the blood
Hypophosphatemia: Low blood phosphate levels. Causes include malnourishment, chronic alcoholism excessive carbohydrate consumption, malabsorption, phosphaturia, liver failure, respiratory alkalosis and certain genetic disorders.
Idiopathic myopathy: A rare condition involving inflammation of the skeletal muscles which become weak and wasted.
McArdle disease: A rare inherited glycogen storage disorder involving a deficiency of muscle phosphorylase needted to convert glycogen to glucose in the muscles.
Mescal poisoning: The Mescal is a small rounded cactus which has no spines but has tufts of hairs and a flower in the centre. The plant is grown for use as a narcotic in some parts of the world due to its hallucinogenic effect. All above-ground parts of the plant contain toxic chemicals (mescaline, lophophorine) which can cause symptom if eaten. The plant itself is considered to have a low level of toxicity but the chemical mescaline derived from it can cause strong symptoms if ingested in excessive quantities. The psychic effects following plant ingestion can last from 6 to 12 hours.
Mohave Rattle snake poisoning: The Mohave rattle snake is a poisonous snake found mainly in Mexico and south-western areas of the US. The type of venom in Mohave snakes varies amongst species. Those with Type A venom tend to affect the nervous system whereas those with Type B venom primarily affect the blood and tissues. Type A tends to be more toxic than type B. Children tend to suffer more severe symptoms due to their smaller body size.
Morphine toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
Muscle weakness: A condition which is characterized by an inability of the muscles to function at their full strenght
Myalgia: Muscle aches and pains
Nausea: The queasy feeling of nausea and often also vomiting.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: A severe, potentially fatal reaction to antipsychotic drugs.
Opioid toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
Oriental Hornet poisoning: The Oriental hornet can deliver a venomous sting which can result in serious and even life-threatening symptoms. Allergies to the venom are also a possible life-threatening consequence. Multiple stings increase the severity of symptoms.
Parrotfish poisoning (Palytoxin): Palytoxin is a marine toxin found in some parrotfish from the Philippines and Singapore region. The toxin is extremely potent and death is common in patients who ingest contaminated parrotfish.
Phosphoglucomutase deficiency type 1: A rare genetic disorder where the deficiency of a chemical called phosphoglucomutase-1 results in problems with glycogen storage within the body. The main symptoms tend to revolve around muscle problems.
Phosphoglycerate Kinase Deficiency: A condition which is characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase
Proteinuria: Protein in the urine
Rattle snake poisoning: The Rattle snake is a poisonous snake found mainly in America. They are distinguished by a characteristic rattle at the tip of their tail.
Serotoninergic syndrome: A disorder involves high levels of serotonin which can result from use of medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome: A very rare, potentially fatal infection caused by the bacterial toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. The condition is often associated with tampon use but can originate from other sources.
Systemic monochloroacetate poisoning: Monochloracetate acid is a dangerous chemical which can cause systemic poisoning even if only skin exposure occurs. Exposure to the chemical can be life-threatening with serious symptoms starting within hours of the exposure.
Toluene sniffing syndrome: Symptoms caused by sniffing vapor containing a chemical called toluene.
Tramadol toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
Very Long Chain Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency - adult-onset: Very Long Chain Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency is a rare inherited genetic condition where the body is unable to convert certain fats to energy i.e. there is not enough of a certain enzyme which is needed to metabolize a type of fat called long-chain fatty acids. The build-up of these fatty acids in the body causes damage. There are three subtypes of the disorder each with varying severity: severe early-onset form, an intermediate form and an adult-onset form. The adult-onset form is relatively mild and tends to be characterized mainly by muscle problems.
Very Long Chain Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency - intermediate: Very Long Chain Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency is a rare inherited genetic condition where the body is unable to convert certain fats to energy i.e. there is not enough of a certain enzyme which is needed to metabolize a type of fat called long-chain fatty acids. The build-up of these fatty acids in the body causes damage. There are three subtypes of the disorder each with varying severity: severe early-onset form, an intermediate form and an adult-onset form. The intermediate form is relatively mild and tends to be characterized by periods of low blood sugar - symptoms tend to develop during childhood.
Very-Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency: A rare inherited genetic condition where the body is unable to convert certain fats to energy i.e. there is not enough of a certain enzyme which is needed to metabolize a type of fat called long-chain fatty acids. The build-up of these fatty acids in the body causes damage. There are three subtypes of the disorder each with varying severity: severe early-onset form, an intermediate form and an adult-onset form.
Vomiting: Vomiting or retching symptoms.