Symptoms of Rubella
Symptoms of Rubella
The list of signs and symptoms mentioned in various sources
for Rubella includes the 23
symptoms listed below:
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Rubella Symptoms: Book Excerpts
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The list of other diseases or medical conditions
that may be on the differential diagnosis list of alternative diagnoses
for Rubella includes:
See the full list of 13
alternative diagnoses for Rubella
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Other Possible Causes of these Symptoms
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or drug side effect causes of that symptom.
Medical Books Online about Rubella
Medical Books Excerpts
Excerpts of published medical book chapters related to Rubella
are available from published medical books
for more detailed information about Rubella.
Medical Books Excerpts
- Rubella
- "Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition)" (2005)
- [ read ]
Copyright notice for book excerpts: Copyright © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.
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Symptoms of Rubella: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
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for more information about the symptoms of Rubella.
Rubella:
Signs and symptoms
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
In children, after an incubation period of from 14 to 21 days, an exanthematous, maculopapular rash erupts abruptly. (See Incubation and duration of common rash-producing infections, page 232.) In adolescents and adults, prodromal signs and symptoms — headache, malaise, anorexia, low-grade fever, coryza, lymphadenopathy and, sometimes, conjunctivitis — are the first to appear. Suboccipital, postauricular, and postcervical lymph node enlargement is a hallmark of this disease and precedes the rash.
Typically, the rubella rash begins on the face and spreads rapidly, in many cases covering the trunk and extremities within hours. Small, red, petechial macules on the soft palate (Forschheimer spots) may precede or accompany the rash but are not diagnostic of rubella. By the end of the second day, the facial rash begins to fade, but the rash on the trunk may become confluent and be mistaken for scarlet fever. The rash continues to fade in the downward order in which it appeared. It generally disappears on the third day, but it may persist for 4 or 5 days — sometimes accompanied by mild coryza and conjunctivitis. The rapid appearance and disappearance of the rubella rash distinguishes it from rubeola. In rare cases, rubella can occur without a rash. Low-grade fever may accompany the rash (99° to 101° F [37.2° to 38.3° C]), but it usually doesn’t persist after the first day of the rash; rarely, temperature may reach 104° F (40° C).
Complications seldom occur in children with rubella, but when they do, they commonly appear as hemorrhagic problems such as thrombocytopenia. Many young women, however, experience transient joint pain or arthritis, usually just as the rash is fading. Fever may then recur. These complications usually subside spontaneously within 5 to 30 days.
A significant number of cases, 20% to 50%, are asymptomatic.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Rubella:
Signs and symptoms
(Handbook of Diseases)
In children, after an incubation period of 16 to 18 days, an exanthematous, maculopapular rash erupts abruptly. In adolescents and adults, prodromal signs and symptoms — headache, anorexia, malaise, low-grade fever, coryza, lymphadenopathy and, sometimes, conjunctivitis — are the first signs and symptoms. Suboccipital, postauricular, and postcervical lymph node enlargement is a hallmark of rubella.
Short-term rash
Typically, the rubella rash begins on the face. This maculopapular eruption spreads rapidly, sometimes covering the trunk and extremities within hours. Small, red, petechial macules on the soft palate (Forschheimer spots) may precede or accompany the rash.
By the end of the 2nd day, the facial rash begins to fade, but the rash on the trunk may be confluent and may be mistaken for scarlet fever. The rash continues to fade in the downward order in which it appeared. The rash generally disappears on the 3rd day, but it may persist for 4 to 5 days — sometimes accompanied by mild coryza and conjunctivitis.
The rapid appearance and disappearance of the rubella rash distinguishes it from rubeola. Rubella can appear without a rash, but this occurrence is rare. Low-grade fever (99° to 101° F [37.2° to 38.3° C]) may accompany the rash, but it usually doesn’t persist after the 1st day of the rash; rarely, temperature may reach 104° F (40° C).
AGE ALERT: Complications seldom occur in children with rubella, but when they do, they typically appear as hemorrhagic problems such as thrombocytopenia. Many young women, however, experience transient joint pain or arthritis, usually just as the rash is fading. Fever may then recur. These complications usually subside spontaneously within 5 to 30 days.
GENDER INFLUENCE: Congenital rubella syndrome occurs in 25% of infants born to women who acquire rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy. However, defects are rare if the infection occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy. Complications in the fetus may include deafness, cataracts, microcephaly, mental retardation, congenital heart defects, and other problems. Miscarriage or stillbirth may also occur.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Jaundice - Case 15-1: 14-Day-Old Boy:
IV. Clinical Presentation
(Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas)
Classic galactosemia is an autosomal recessive disease. If not recognized and
treated, it can be fatal in the neonatal period. Some of the more common
presenting clinical signs have already been discussed (jaundice, hepatomegaly,
vomiting, and encephalopathy); more fulminant clinical courses may represent
superimposed bacterial sepsis. Among the laboratory findings seen with classic
galactosemia are conjugated (or combined) hyperbilirubinemia, liver function
test and coagulation study abnormalities, elevations of serum and urine amino
acids, and a renal tubulopathy with galactosuria, glycosuria, proteinuria, and
metabolic acidosis. Not surprisingly, plasma galactose and erythrocyte
galactose-1-phosphate levels are also elevated.
Disappointingly, even galactosemic children whose diets were restricted very
early are at increased risk for developmental delays and learning disabilities,
compared with their healthy counterparts. Although many children have IQs in
the normal range, cognitive, speech, and motor impairments are, nevertheless,
more common. Longer delays before initial diagnosis and treatment of
galactosemia correlate with worse neurodevelopmental sequelae.
Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism is often observed in girls with galactosemia, and
most are infertile as adults. Galactosemic males demonstrate normal puberty and
fertility.
The gene for the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase enzyme has been
localized to chromosome 9, and multiple variations at that locus have been
described. Some African-Americans with galactosemia have a milder clinical
course because of a different transferase variant. Still another variant, known
as the Duarte variant, is usually clinically insignificant. Prenatal diagnosis
of galactosemia is available.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas, 2003
Seizures - Case 19-1: 8-Day-Old Girl:
IV. Clinical Presentation
(Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas)
Neonatal L. monocytogenes infection, like group B streptococcal infection, manifests in both an early- and
a late-onset form. Clinical manifestations of
L. monocytogenes infection are similar to those of other neonatal bacterial infections. Signs of
infection include temperature instability, respiratory distress, irritability,
lethargy, and poor feeding. In early-onset disease, transplacental transmission
after maternal bacteremia or ascending spread from vaginal colonization leads
to intrauterine infection with
L. monocytogenes. Preterm labor is common among infants with early-onset L. monocytogenes infection; length of gestation is less than 35 weeks in approximately 70% of
cases. There is often evidence of an acute febrile maternal illness, with
symptoms of fatigue, arthralgias, and myalgias preceding delivery by 2 to 14
days. Blood cultures are positive for
L. monocytogenes in 35% of mothers of infants with early-onset listeriosis.
Early-onset infection classically develops within the first or second day of
life. Bacteremia (75%) and pneumonia (50%) are usually seen with early-onset
infection. Meningitis is seen in 25% of early-onset cases. In severe infection,
a granulomatous rash is associated with disseminated disease (granulomatosis
infantisepticum). The mortality rate, including stillbirths, is 40% for
early-onset infection. In late-onset infection, modes of transmission unrelated
to maternal carriage may be involved. Late-onset infection develops during the
second to eighth week of life. The most common form
of L. monocytogenes infection over this period is meningitis, which is present in approximately 95%
of cases. Bacteremia (20%) and pneumonia (10%) are less common. Mortality of
late-onset infection is generally low (15%) if the infection is diagnosed early
and treated appropriately.
A nosocomial outbreak occurred when nine newborn infants were bathed in mineral
oil contaminated with
L. monocytogenes. The affected infants developed bacteremia (two cases), meningitis (two cases),
or both (five cases); one infant died. Signs of infection developed within 1
week after exposure to the mineral oil.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas, 2003
Seizures - Case 19-2: 10-Day-Old Boy:
IV. Clinical Presentation
(Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas)
Signs of hypocalcemia usually develop within the first 3 weeks of life. Signs of
neonatal hypocalcemia are often nonspecific and may be seen in a variety of
other conditions. Tremors and jitteriness are most commonly seen. Other signs
include irritability, hyperreflexia, facial twitching, carpopedal spasm,
seizures, cyanosis, and, rarely, laryngospasm. More importantly, other
disorders that can manifest with hypocalcemia should be considered. Features of
22q11 deletion syndromes include cleft palate, micrognathia, ear anomalies,
bulbous nasal tip, and conotruncal heart defects. Findings associated with
Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ia) include
round face, short distal phalanges of the thumbs, subcutaneous calcifications,
and a family history of developmental delay and dental hypoplasia.
Sensorineural deafness, renal dysplasia, and mental retardation are also
associated with syndromes that include hypoparathyroidism.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas, 2003
German Measles (Third Disease, Rubella):
German Measles - signs & symptoms
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
- Rash:
- Begins on face, then progresses to trunk and extremities
- Does not usually coalesce
- Lasts for 3 days
- Adenopathies, especially postauricular, posterior cervical, and suboccipital, are commonly noted, along with conjunctivitis.
- Arthralgia/arthritis may be seen in adolescents and adults.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
Measles (Rubeola, First Disease):
Measles - signs & symptoms
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
- The disease involves fever, cough, conjunctivitis, or coryza with an erythematous rash, which has a characteristic progression.
- The rash appears on the face (often the nape of the neck, initially) and abdomen 14 days after exposure. The rash is erythematous and maculopapular and spreads from the head to the feet often becoming confluent at the more proximal sites.
- Pharyngitis, cervical lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly may accompany the rash.
- Atypical measles:
- This group of young adults (2nd and 3rd decades of life) may become quite ill, with sudden onset of fever from 103–105°F associated with headache. The rash, unlike typical measles, appears 1st on the distal extremities and progresses in a cephalad direction.
- Virtually all patients with atypical measles have respiratory distress with clinical and radiographic signs of pneumonia, often with pleural effusions.
- Diagnosis depends on recognition and on acute and convalescent measles antibody titers.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
Rubella as a Cause of Symptoms or Medical Conditions
When considering symptoms of Rubella, it is also important to consider Rubella as a possible cause of other medical conditions.
The Disease Database lists the following medical conditions that Rubella may cause:
- (Source - Diseases Database)
Rubella: Onset and Incubation
Incubation period for Rubella: about 2 to 3 weeks
Medical articles and books on symptoms:
These general reference articles may be of interest
in relation to medical signs and symptoms of disease in general:
Full list of premium articles on symptoms and diagnosis
About signs and symptoms of Rubella:
The symptom information on this page
attempts to provide a list of some possible signs and symptoms of Rubella.
This signs and symptoms information for Rubella has been gathered from various sources,
may not be fully accurate,
and may not be the full list of Rubella signs or Rubella symptoms.
Furthermore, signs and symptoms of Rubella may vary on an individual basis for each patient.
Only your doctor can provide adequate diagnosis of any signs or symptoms and whether they
are indeed Rubella symptoms.
It's inevitable that at some point in your child's life he or she will suffer vomiting and diarrhea. Most often they are nothing to get...
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After nine months of doctor's visits, large clothing, physical discomfort and joyous expectation, a mother finally reaches the last stages of...
See full list of 4 related videos
» Next page: Diagnostic Tests for Rubella
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