Treatments for SARS
Treatments for SARS
The list of treatments mentioned in various sources
for SARS
includes the following list.
Always seek professional medical advice about any treatment
or change in treatment plans.
SARS: Is the Diagnosis Correct?
The first step in getting correct treatment is
to get a correct diagnosis.
Differential diagnosis list for SARS may include:
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Treatment is symptomatic and supportive and includes maintenance of a patent airway and adequate nutrition. Other treatment measures include supplemental oxygen, chest physiotherapy, or mechanical ventilation. In addition to standard precautions, contact precautions requiring gowns and gloves for all patient contacts and airborne precautions utilizing a negative-pressure isolation room and properly fitted N-95 respirators are recommended for patients who are hospitalized. Quarantine may be used to prevent the spread of infection.
Antibiotics may be given to treat bacterial causes of atypical pneumonia. Antiviral medications have also been used. High doses of corticosteroids have been used to reduce lung inflammation. In some serious cases, serum from individuals who have already recovered from SARS (convalescent serum) has been given. The general benefit of these treatments hasn’t been determined conclusively.
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Acute respiratory failure in COPD:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
ARF in patients with COPD is an emergency that requires cautious O2 therapy (using nasal prongs or Venturi mask) to raise the PaO2. In patients with chronic hypercapnia, O2 therapy can cause hypoventilation by increasing Paco2 and decreasing the respiratory drive, necessitating mechanical ventilation. The minimum fraction of inspired air (FIO2) required to maintain ventilation or O2 saturation greater than 85% to 90% should be used. If significant uncompensated respiratory acidosis or unrefractory hypoxemia exists, mechanical ventilation (through an endotracheal [ET] or a tracheostomy tube) or noninvasive ventilation (with a face or nose mask) may be necessary. Treatment routinely includes antibiotics for infection, bronchodilators, and possibly steroids.
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Infant respiratory distress syndrome:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Treatment of an infant with IRDS requires vigorous respiratory support. Warm, humidified, oxygen-enriched gases are administered by oxygen hood or, if such treatment fails, by mechanical ventilation. Severe cases may require mechanical ventilation with PEEPor continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), administered by nasal prongs or, when necessary, endotracheal (ET) intubation. Special ventilation techniques are now used on the patients refractory to conventional mechanical ventilation. These include high-frequency jet ventilation and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is the last choice for ventilation and is only available in certain specialized facilities. Treatment of IRDS also includes:
❑ a radiant warmer or isolette for thermoregulation
❑ I.V. fluids and sodium bicarbonate to control acidosis and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
❑ tube feedings or total parenteral nutrition if the neonate is too weak to eat
❑ administration of surfactant by an ET tube (Studies show that this treatment can prevent or improve the course of IRDS as well as reduce mortality.)
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Acute respiratory distress syndrome:
Treatment (Tx)
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Treatment of underlying disorder, supportive care (oxygen, mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure, diuretics), correction of acid-base and electrolyte abnormalities, chemical paralysis if necessary
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Acute respiratory failure:
Treatment (Tx)
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Oxygen therapy, antibiotics, supportive care (bed rest, nutritional therapy, fluid replacement)
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Respiratory acidosis:
Treatment (Tx)
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Mechanical ventilation, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, or antibiotics to treat underlying source of hypoventilation
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Respiratory alkalosis:
Treatment (Tx)
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Treatment of underlying cause, mechanical ventilation to produce hyperventilation
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Respiratory syncytial virus infection:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Treatment aims to support respiratory function, maintain fluid balance, and relieve symptoms. Ribavirin in aerosol form may be administered to severely ill patients or those at high risk for complications.
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Acute respiratory failure in COPD:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
In a COPD patient, ARF is an emergency that requires cautious oxygen therapy (using nasal prongs or a Venturi mask) to raise the patient’s Pao2. If significant respiratory acidosis persists, a bidirectional positive-pressure airway mask over the oronasal region or mechanical ventilation through an endotracheal or a tracheostomy tube may be necessary. High-frequency ventilation may be used if the patient doesn’t respond to conventional mechanical ventilation. Treatment routinely includes an antibiotic for infection, a bronchodilator, an anxiolytic and, possibly, a steroid.
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Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Respiratory acidosis:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Effective treatment of respiratory acidosis is designed to correct the underlying source of alveolar hypoventilation. Significantly reduced alveolar ventilation may require mechanical ventilation until the underlying condition can be treated.
In patients with COPD, treatment includes a bronchodilator, oxygen, a corticosteroid and, commonly, an antibiotic; drug therapy for conditions such as myasthenia gravis; removal of foreign bodies from the airway; an antibiotic for pneumonia; dialysis or charcoal to remove toxic drugs; and correction of metabolic alkalosis. An elevated Paco2 may persist in a patient with COPD despite optimal treatment.
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Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Respiratory alkalosis:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
The goal of treatment is to eradicate the underlying condition — for example, to remove ingested toxins or to treat fever, sepsis, or CNS disease.
CLINICAL TIP: With severe respiratory alkalosis, the patient may be instructed to breathe into a paper bag, which helps relieve acute anxiety and increases carbon dioxide levels.
Prevention of hyperventilation in patients receiving mechanical ventilation requires that ABG values be monitored and dead space or minute ventilation volume be adjusted.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Respiratory distress syndrome:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
An infant with respiratory distress syndrome requires vigorous respiratory support. Warm, humidified, oxygen-enriched gases are administered by oxygen hood or, if such treatment fails, by mechanical ventilation. Severe cases may require mechanical ventilation with PEEP or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), administered by a tightly fitting face mask or, when necessary, endotracheal (ET) intubation.
Treatment also includes:
❑ a radiant infant warmer or Isolette for thermoregulation
❑ I.V. fluids and sodium bicarbonate to control acidosis and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
❑ tube feedings or total parenteral nutrition if the neonate is too weak to eat
❑ administration of surfactant by an ET tube.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Respiratory syncytial virus infection:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Among the goals of treatment are support of respiratory function, maintenance of fluid balance, and relief of symptoms. Mild cases resolve without treatment. Severe infections require hospitalization to provide supplemental oxygen, humidified air, and hydration by I.V. fluids. Respiratory support using mechanical ventilation may be needed. Ribavirin aerosol may be used in those who have severe RSV or are immunocompromised.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
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