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Is there blood in the stool? From the algorithm, blood in the stool should indicate that there is
Salmonella
,
Shigella
,
Campylobacter jejuni
, ulcerative colitis, and amebic dysentery. Without blood in the stool, it is ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there a positive drug or alcohol history? It is well known that alcohol can cause diarrhea, as do drugs in common use, such as digitalis, diuretics, beta-blockers, aspirin, colchicine, and other nonsteroidal anti ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Diarrhea is defined as an increase in the volume of bowel movements. Acute diarrhea is designated as being of less than 4 weeks’ duration. Many patients describe increased frequency or decreased consistency of bowel movements as diarrhea, so the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Chronic diarrhea is defined as increased volume bowel movements persisting for more than 4 weeks. Mechanisms of diarrhea are categorized as increased secretion, decreased absorption, osmotic diarrhea, or abnormal intestinal motility. Many patients mistakenly identify... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Chronic diarrhea (nonbloody, without weight loss) is defined as increased total daily stool output (greater than 10 g/kg/day), associated with increased stool water content; diarrhea is classified as chronic when it lasts longer than 2 weeks. Per... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Diarrhea is considered chronic when it last longer than 14 days. Weight loss with diarrhea should always be concerning and deserves thorough investigation. Collectively the malabsorption syndromes are the most common etiologic factors.
... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Acute diarrhea is an abrupt onset of increased fluid content of stool above about 10 mL/kg/day and increased frequency from 4–5 to more than 20 times daily. It is a major problem worldwide because of excessive loss of fluid and electrolytes in stool. In the U... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... The differential diagnosis of diarrhea may be approached from either an anatomic or a physiologic basis. The anatomic approach is used in Table 22. In the stomach and duodenum, pernicious anemia and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome are prominent causes. A
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... Usually a chief sign of an intestinal disorder, diarrhea is an increase in the volume of stools compared with the patient's normal bowel habits. It varies in severity and may be acute or chronic. Acute diarrhea may result from acute infection, stress, fecal impaction, or the effect of a... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Acute Diarrhea
Infections
Viral gastroenteritis (adenovirus, Norwalk agent, rotavirus, etc.)
Bacterial
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... Shigellosis, also known as bacillary dysentery, is an acute intestinal infection caused by the bacteria Shigella, a short, nonmotile, gram-negative rod. Shigella can be classified into four groups, all of which may cause shigellosis... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Signs and Symptoms Pain, edema, fever, skin discoloration, petechiae, ecchymoses, blebs, blisters, bloody wound discharge, necrosis
Treatment (Tx) Patient positioned lying down, with bitten limb placed lower than heart
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... Poisonous snakebites are medical emergencies. With prompt, correct treatment, they need not be fatal. The only poisonous snakes in the United States are pit vipers (Crotalidae) and coral snakes (Elapidae). Pit vipers, such as... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Signs and Symptoms Depending on poison (such as alcohol, cyanide, acetone, turpentine, or petroleum): headache, seizures, loss of consciousness, chest pain, muscle weakness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting
Treatment (Tx) Depending... Pictures
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... Usually a chief sign of an intestinal disorder, diarrhea is an increase in the volume of stools compared with the patient’s normal bowel elimination habits. It varies in severity and may be acute or chronic. Acute diarrhea may result from acute infection, stress, fecal... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Francis G. O’Connor
Diarrhea is one of the most common clinical complaints encountered by primary care providers. Although diarrhea infrequently requires a significant diagnostic evaluation and no more than symptomatic oral... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing (5) ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Viral gastroenteritis
❑ Staphylococcal enterotoxin
❑ E. coli
❑ Salmonella
❑ Campylobacter ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
Altered Intestinal Motility
❑ Irritable bowel syndrome
❑ Diabetic enteropathy
Inflammatory ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Poisonous snakebites are most common during summer afternoons in grassy or rocky habitats. Poisonous snakebites are medical emergencies. With prompt, correct treatment, they need not be fatal.
Causes
The only poisonous snakes in... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Usually a chief sign of an intestinal disorder, diarrhea is an increase in the volume of stools compared with the patient’s normal bowel habits. It varies in severity and may be acute or chronic. Acute diarrhea may result from acute... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Usually a chief sign of an intestinal disorder, diarrhea is an increase in the volume of stools compared with the patient’s normal bowel habits. It varies in severity and may be acute or chronic. Acute diarrhea may result from acute infection,... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Definedas stools that are more fluid and frequent than normal. Can be acute or chronic (>2–3wks in duration). Acute diarrhea is discussed in first section ofthis chapter, and chronic diarrhea is discussed in second section. Principle Causes ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Acute Diarrhea ... Diagnostic Approach: Acute Diarrhea ... Principle Causes of Chronic Diarrhea ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Chronic Diarrhea ... Diagnostic Approach: Chronic Diarrhea ... References
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... Usually a chief sign of an intestinal disorder, diarrhea is an increase in the volume of stools compared with the patient's normal bowel habits. It varies in severity and may be acute or chronic. Acute diarrhea may result from acute infection, stress, fecal... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Christina B. Bales, MD Food Poisoning or Foodborne Illness - BASICS Food Poisoning or Foodborne Illness - description Any illness resulting from the ingestion of food or drink contaminated with an infectious organism or associated toxin Food ... Food Poisoning or Foodborne Illness - DIAGNOSIS ... Food Poisoning or Foodborne Illness - TREATMENT ... Food Poisoning or Foodborne Illness - FOLLOW UP ... Food Poisoning or Foodborne Illness - bibliography ... Food Poisoning or Foodborne Illness - CODES ... Food Poisoning or Foodborne Illness - FAQ
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... Robert J. Hoffman, MDYuki Yasaka, MD Sympathomimetic Poisoning - BASICS Sympathomimetic Poisoning - description Excess autonomic stimulation by adrenergic agents produces the clinical syndrome typically ... Sympathomimetic Poisoning - DIAGNOSIS ... Sympathomimetic Poisoning - TREATMENT ... Sympathomimetic Poisoning - FOLLOW UP ... Sympathomimetic Poisoning - bibliography ... Sympathomimetic Poisoning - CODES
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So you're going on a picnic. You've got a comfortable blanket, just the right spot for a relaxing outdoor meal and your favorite foods packed...
Cooking food to the right temperatures can help keep harmful bacteria off the menu.
Keeping your perishable food cool enough can help keep food borne illness off the menu.
Knowing the right way to defrost frozen food can keep bacteria off your menu.