Prevalence and Incidence of Shigellosis
Ophanet, who are a consortium of European partners,
currently defines a condition rare when if affects 1 person per 2,000.
They list Shigellosis as a "rare disease".
More information about Shigellosis is available from Orphanet
Shigellosis Prevalence: Book Excerpts
Incidence (annual) of Shigellosis:
17,521 annual cases of shigellosis notified in USA 1999 (MMWR 1999) ... see also overview of Shigellosis.
Incidence Rate:
approx 1 in 15,524 or 0.01% or 17,521 people in USA [Source statistic for calcuation: "17,521 annual cases of shigellosis notified in USA 1999 (MMWR 1999)" -- see also general information about data sources]
Incidence extrapolations for USA for Shigellosis:
17,521 per year,
1,460 per month,
336 per week,
48 per day,
2 per hour,
0 per minute,
0 per second.
[Source statistic for calculation: "17,521 annual cases of shigellosis notified in USA 1999 (MMWR 1999)" -- see also general information about data sources]
Prevalance of Shigellosis:
An estimated 300,000 cases of shigellosis occur annually in the U.S. The number attributable to food is unknown, but given the low infectious dose, it is probably substantial. Summary of Notifiable Diseases, United States, 1997:MMWR 46(54)
(Source: FDA Bad Bug Book)
...
Every year, about 18,000 cases of
shigellosis are reported in the United States. Because many milder
cases are not diagnosed or reported, the actual number of infections
may be twenty times greater. (Source: excerpt from Shigellosis (General): DBMD)
Prevelance of Shigellosis discussion:
Approximately 14,000 laboratory
confirmed cases of shigellosis and an estimated 448,240 total
cases (mostly due to S. sonnei) occur in the United
States each year. In the developing world, S.flexneri predominates.
Epidemics of S. dysenteriae type 1 have occurred in
Africa and Central America with case fatality rates of 5-15%. (Source: excerpt from Shigellosis: DBMD)
Outbreaks of Shigellosis:
MMWR 48(14):1999
In August 1998, the Minnesota Department of Health reported to CDC two restaurant-associated outbreaks of Shigella sonnei infections. Isolates from both outbreaks had two closely related pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns that differed only by a single band. Epidemiologic investigations implicated chopped, uncooked, curly parsley as the common vehicle for these outbreaks.
MMWR 45(11):1996
On August 20, 1995, the District 7 Health Department requested the Idaho Department of Health to assist in investigating reports of diarrheal illness among visitors to a resort in Island Park in eastern Idaho; Shigella sonnei had been isolated from stool cultures of some cases. This report summarizes the findings of the investigation, which implicated contaminated drinking water as the cause of the outbreak.
MMWR 43(35):1994
During August 29-September 1, 1994, an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness occurred on the cruise ship Viking Serenade (Royal Caribbean Cruises, Ltd.) during its roundtrip voyage from San Pedro, California, to Ensenada, Mexico. A total of 37% of passengers and 4% of the crew who completed a survey questionnaire reported having diarrhea or vomiting during the cruise. One death occurred. Investigation of the mode of transmission is under way.
MMWR 41(25):1992
In January 1991, the Lexington-Fayette County (Kentucky) Health Department (LFCHD) received three reports of Shigella sonnei infections from the University of Kentucky microbiology laboratory. The infections occurred in children aged 2-3 years, each of whom attended a different child day care center in Lexington-Fayette County (population:200,000).
MMWR 40(25):1991
On March 14, 1991, physicians at a hospital in Guatemala City reported to the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) that a 2-year-old boy living in an orphanage in Guatemala City had been hospitalized with dysentery. Another child from the orphanage had recently died from dysentery. During March 18-21, two other young children from the orphanage were diagnosed with Shigella dysenteriae type 1. On March 21, health officials in Rabinal, in the department of Baja Verapaz, reported more than 100 cases of dysentery to the Division of Epidemiology and Disease Control of the Ministry of Health (MOH).
MMWR 39(30):1990
From 1986 to 1988*, the reported isolation rate of Shigella in the United States increased from 5.4 to 10.1 isolates per 100,000 persons. In addition to the increase in Shigella isolation rates, many communitywide shigellosis outbreaks that have been difficult to control have been reported. This report describes four community outbreaks of shigellosis during 1986-1989 in which innovative public health control measures were used.
MMWR 37(31):1988
From January 1 to August 1, 1988, 17 cases of diarrheal disease caused by Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Shiga bacillus) were reported to CDC. Three cases were reported to CDC during the same period in 1987. Fifteen of the patients with shigellosis had visited Cancun, Mexico, andd two had visited other areas in Mexico in the weeks before or during onset of their illness. The patients had no common exposures in hotels or restaurants. An epidemiologic and laboratory investigation is under way in Mexico.
In 1988, numerous individuals contracted shigellosis from food consumed aboard Northwest Airlines flights; food on these flights had been prepared in one central commisary. No specific food item was implicated, but various sandwiches were suspected.
MMWR 36(38):1987
In early July 1987, an outbreak of multiply resistant Shigella sonnei gastroenteritis occurred among persons who attended the annual Rainbow Family gathering in North Carolina. Since that time, four clusters of gastroenteritis due to multiply resistant S. sonnei have been reported among persons who had no apparent contact with gathering attendees. Basic hygiene and sanitary precautions remain the cornerstones of control measures for shigellosis outbreaks, including those due to multiply resistant strains. Vigorous emphasis on handwashing with soap after defecation and before eating has been shown to reduce secondary transmission of shigellosis.
MMWR 36(27):1987
CDC has received reports that shigellosis outbreaks have occurred in several states, affecting related religious communities. Dates of onset range from November 1986 through June 1987. The largest outbreak was in New York City, and outbreaks in other states began soon after the Passover holiday in April, when many persons visited relatives in New York. Epidemiologic data are incomplete, but in some of these outbreaks new cases continue to occur.
MMWR 35(48):1986
Between October 10 and November 6, 1985, 15 children at a day-care center in Diboll, Texas, developed a diarrheal illness. Shigella sonnei was isolated from 10 ill children and from two of 19 asymptomatic children who were cultured on November 7. All isolates were colicin type 9, resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin, streptomycin, cephalothin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), and sensitive to tetracycline, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin. The attack rate was highest among the 12- to 22-month-old group. Family members of this group had the highest secondary attack rate. No cases occurred among the 22 staff members.
In 1985-1986, several outbreaks of shigellosis occurred on college campuses, usually associated with fresh vegetables from the salad bar. Usually an ill food service worker was shown to be the cause.
In 1985, a huge outbreak of foodborne shigellosis occurred in Midland-Odessa, Texas, involving perhaps as many as 5,000 persons. The implicated food was chopped, bagged lettuce, prepared in a central location for a Mexican restaurant chain. FDA research subsequently showed that S. sonnei, the isolate from the lettuce, could survive in chopped lettuce under refrigeration, and the lettuce remained fresh and appeared to be quite edible.
MMWR 34(39):1985
In 1984, 12,790 Shigella isolates from humans were reported to CDC. This is a 14.4% decrease from the 14,946 isolates reported in 1983. The number of isolates continues to be less than the 15,334 reported during the peak year, 1978.
MMWR 33(43):1984
In 1983, 14,946 Shigella isolates from humans were reported to CDC. This is a 10.5% increase from the 13,523 isolates reported in 1982. The number of isolates is still less than the 15,334 reported during the peak year, 1978.
MMWR 32(34):1983
In 1982, 13,523 Shigella isolations from humans were reported to CDC. This represents a 9.9% decrease from the 15,006 isolations reported in 1981. The number of isolations has continued to decline from the 15,334 reported during the peak year, 1978.
MMWR 32(19):1983
An outbreak of severe dysentery caused by Shigella dysenteriae type 2 recently occurred at the U.S. Naval Hospital, Bethesda, Maryland. Epidemiologic investigation implicated the salad bar in the active-duty staff cafeteria as the source of infection.
MMWR 31(50):1982
In 1981, 15,006 Shigella isolations from humans were reported to CDC. While this represented a 6% increase over the 14,168 isolates reported in 1980, it remained 2% below the 15,334 reported during the peak year, 1978.
**NOTE - Although all Shigella spp. have been implicated in foodborne outbreaks at some time, S. sonnei is clearly the leading cause of shigellosis from food. The other species are more closely associated with contaminated water. One in particular, S. flexneri, is now thought to be in large part sexually transmitted.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports For more information on recent outbreaks see the CDC.
(Source: FDA Bad Bug Book)
Incidence statistics for Shigellosis:
The following statistics relate to the incidence of Shigellosis:
- 3.70 per 100,000 in Canada 20001
- 2.5 new cases of shigellosis per 100,000 population was notified in Australia 2002 (Yohannes K, Roche P, Blumer C et al. 2004, Australia’s Health 2004, AIHW)
- 496 new cases of shigellosis was notified in Australia 2002 (Yohannes K, Roche P, Blumer C et al. 2004, Australia’s Health 2004, AIHW)
- more statistics...»
More Statistics about Shigellosis:
Deaths and related statistics
Hospitalization statistics
All statistics for Shigellosis
Prevalence/Incidence of Shigellosis: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Shigellosis.
Shigellosis:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Transmission occurs through the fecal-oral route; by direct contact with contaminated objects; or through ingestion of contaminated food or water. Occasionally, the housefly is a vector.
Shigellosis is endemic in North America, Europe, and the tropics. In the United States, about 18,000 cases appear annually, usually in children or in elderly, debilitated, or malnourished people. Shigellosis commonly occurs among confined populations, such as those in mental institutions or day-care centers.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Poisonous snakebites:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Of the approximately 45,000 snakebites that occur in the United States each year, 7,000 to 8,000 are from poisonous snakes, resulting in 5 to 6 deaths. Such bites are most common during summer afternoons in grassy or rocky habitats.
Pit vipers are nocturnal but active snakes that are responsible for 99% of venomous snake bites in the United States. Coral snakes are also nocturnal, but their placidity makes coral snake bites less common than pit viper bites. Coral snakes tend to bite with a chewing motion, and may leave multiple fang marks, small lacerations, and extensive tissue destruction.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Food Poisoning or Foodborne Illness:
Food Poisoning or Foodborne Illness - epidemiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
Food Poisoning or Foodborne Illness - incidence
- 1,200–1,400 outbreaks of foodborne disease reported each year in the US
- Estimated 76 million illnesses in the US annually
- Estimated 5,000 deaths in the US annually
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
Sympathomimetic Poisoning:
Sympathomimetic Poisoning - epidemiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
- Cocaine, methamphetamine, and MDMA (ecstasy) are the 3 most common illicit drugs causing emergency visits in the US.
- Prescription stimulants such as methylphenidate and albuterol are often are frequent causes of intentional as well as unintentional poisoning.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
About prevalence and incidence statistics:
The term 'prevalence' of Shigellosis usually refers to the estimated population
of people who are managing Shigellosis at any given time.
The term 'incidence' of Shigellosis refers to the annual diagnosis rate,
or the number of new cases of Shigellosis diagnosed each year.
Hence, these two statistics types can differ:
a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence,
but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence.
For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
So you're going on a picnic. You've got a comfortable blanket, just the right spot for a relaxing outdoor meal and your favorite foods packed...
Cooking food to the right temperatures can help keep harmful bacteria off the menu.
Keeping your perishable food cool enough can help keep food borne illness off the menu.
Knowing the right way to defrost frozen food can keep bacteria off your menu.
See full list of 5 related videos
» Next page: Videos related to Shigellosis
Rate This Website
What do you think about the features of this website?
Take our user survey and have your say:
Website User Survey
Medical Tools & Articles:
Next articles:
Tools & Services:
Medical Articles:
Forums & Message Boards
- Ask or answer a question at the Boards:
