Causes of Soto's Syndrome
Soto's Syndrome Causes: Book Excerpts
Related information on causes of Soto's Syndrome:
As with all medical conditions,
there may be many causal factors.
Further relevant information on causes of Soto's Syndrome may be found in:
Causes of Soto's Syndrome: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the causes of Soto's Syndrome.
Umbilicus – Delayed Separation:
Differential Diagnosis
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
- Vigorous use of antiseptics to clean the umbilical cord
–Probably the most common etiology
–Inhibits normal colonization of the
umbilicus, which otherwise would allow chemotactic infiltration of neutrophils to mediate cord separation
- Immunodeficiencies
–Leukocyte adhesion defects affecting chemotaxis (LAD I/II)
–LAD is usually associated with significant systemic (sepsis) or local (omphalitis) infection, recurrent infections, or failure to thrive
–Sialyl Lewis X antigen deficiency
–Neonatal alloimmune neutropenia
–Defective immune (gamma) interferon
-
Prematurity
–Gestational age less than 37 weeks
-
Birth via cesarean section
–Associated with delayed separation, possibly due to decreased bacterial colonization from delivery through a sterile surgical field, resulting in decreased infiltration of neutrophils, which is essential for cord separation
-
Neonatal sepsis
-
Urachal anomalies
–More likely to be seen in otherwise healthy infants without signs of local or systemic infection
-
Histiocytosis X
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Acromegaly and gigantism:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Typically, oversecretion of human growth hormone (hGH) produces changes throughout the body, resulting in acromegaly and, when oversecretion occurs before puberty, gigantism. Eosinophilic or mixed-cell adenomas of the anterior pituitary gland may cause this oversecretion but the etiology of the tumors themselves remains unclear. Occasionally, hGH levels are elevated in more than one family member, which suggests the possibility of a genetic cause.
The earliest clinical manifestations of acromegaly include soft-tissue swelling of the extremities and coarsening of facial features. This rare form of hyperpituitarism occurs equally among males and females, usually between ages 30 and 50. Annually, it affects 3 to 4 people per every million.
In gigantism, proportional overgrowth of all body tissues starts before epiphyseal closure. This causes remarkable height increases of as much as 6"(15 cm) per year. Gigantism affects infants and children, causing them to attain as much as three times the normal height for their age. As adults, they may ultimately reach a height of more than 80"(203 cm). Gigantism is rare; there have only been 100 reported cases.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Acromegaly and gigantism:
Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)
Typically, oversecretion of human growth hormone (HGH) produces changes throughout the entire body, resulting in acromegaly and, when oversecretion occurs before puberty, gigantism. Somatotrope adenomas and, rarely, extrapyradimal pituitary lesions or other tumors may cause this oversecretion, but the cause of the tumors themselves remains unclear. Elevated HGH levels in more than one family member suggest a genetic cause.
The earliest sign of acromegaly is soft-tissue swelling of the extremities, which causes coarsening of the facial features. This rare form of hyperpituitarism occurs equally among men and women, usually between ages 30 and 50.
AGE ALERT: In gigantism, proportional overgrowth of all body tissues starts before epiphyseal closure. This causes remarkable height increases of as much as 6 " (15.2 cm) per year. Gigantism affects infants and children, causing them to attain as much as three times the normal height for their age. As adults, they may ultimately reach a height of more than 80 "(203.2 cm).
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Developmental Disabilities:
Developmental Disabilities - pathophysiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
- This is highly variable depending on etiology, which can include genetic, familial, metabolic, infectious, endocrinologic, traumatic, anatomic brain malformations, environmental toxins, and degenerative disorders as causes. These disorders often result in some neurologic or neuromuscular injury causing the delay. In many cases, the etiology is never determined.
- Prevalence of this group of disorders may vary depending on how inclusive the definition. The milder delays are quite common and can be found in any pediatric practice. Some disorders in this grouping are more prevalent in boys. The long-term outcome depends on the severity and type of delay, with the more involved children usually having lifelong disability.
Developmental Disabilities - etiology
Specific etiologies are too numerous to list completely but a partial list of the more common causes includes:
- Genetic/familial:
- Fragile X syndrome
- Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)
- Other chromosomal abnormalities
- Tuberous sclerosis
- Neurofibromatosis
- Phenylketonuria
- Muscular dystrophy
- Nervous system anomalies:
- Hydrocephalus
- Lissencephaly
- Spina bifida
- Seizures
- Infections:
- Prenatal cytomegalovirus
- Rubella
- Toxoplasmosis
- HIV
- Postnatal bacterial meningitis
- Neonatal herpes simplex
- Endocrinologic:
- Congenital hypothyroidism
- Environment:
- Heavy metal poisoning such as lead
- In utero drug or alcohol exposure
- Trauma/injury:
- Closed head trauma
- Asphyxia
- Stroke
- Perinatal cerebral hemorrhages
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
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