Treatments for Syncope
Treatments for Syncope
The list of treatments mentioned in various sources
for Syncope
includes the following list.
Always seek professional medical advice about any treatment
or change in treatment plans.
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Drugs and Medications used to treat Syncope:
Note:You must always seek professional medical advice about any prescription drug, OTC drug, medication, treatment
or change in treatment plans.
Some of the different medications used in the treatment of Syncope include:
Hospital statistics for Syncope:
These medical statistics relate to hospitals, hospitalization and Syncope:
- 0.586% (74,813) of hospital consultant episodes were for syncope and collapse in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 80% of hospital consultant episodes for syncope and collapse required hospital admission in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 48% of hospital consultant episodes for syncope and collapse were for men in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 52% of hospital consultant episodes for syncope and collapse were for women in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 93% of hospital consultant episodes for syncope and collapse required emergency hospital admission in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- more hospital information...»
Medical news summaries about treatments for Syncope:
The following medical news items
are relevant to treatment of Syncope:
Discussion of treatments for Syncope:
Non-cardiac syncope is treated acutely by lying down
with the legs elevated. Infrequent episodes of non-cardiac syncope usually
do not require treatment.
(Source: excerpt from
NINDS Syncope Information Page: NINDS)
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Book Excerpts: Treatment of Syncope
Treatments of Syncope: Online Medical Books
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for more information about the treatments of Syncope.
Aura:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Migraine
–Avoid triggers (e.g., alcohol, stress, fatigue)
–NSAIDs and/or acetaminophen
–5-HT1 agonists (e.g., sumatriptan) are useful during the
headache phase and ergotamines (e.g., dihydroergotamine) are effective for status migraines; however, neither are effective to relieve aura
-
Epilepsy
–Status epilepticus: Stabilize patient and administer IV benzodiazepines and fosphenytoin
–Antiepileptics if risk for recurrent seizures: Phenytoin, carbamazepine, or valproate for generalized or partial seizures; ethosuximide or valproate for absence seizures; lamotrigine or valproate for mixed seizures
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Delirium:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Delirium is usually reversible with correction of the underlying cause
–Discontinue possible contributing medications
–Treat infection if present
–Correct metabolic or electrolyte abnormalities
-
Pharmacologic therapy
–Antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol) for hallucinations, delusions, or illusions
–Benzodiazepines (e.g., lorazepam) for anxiety, agitation, insomnia, or alcohol withdrawal
-
Environmental supports (e.g., calendars, direction signs) to help with orientation
-
Psychosocial support
-
Physical restraints paradoxically increase patient agitation; thus, other alternatives (e.g., safe environment, door alarms) should be used initially
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Syncope:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Identify, treat, and/or refer on the basis of underlying cardiac, neurologic, autonomic or other causes
-
Vasovagal episode: Rehydrate, treat possible triggers (e.g., relieve pain)
-
Orthostatic hypotension: Adjust medications, make lifestyle changes (e.g., rise slowly from sitting)
-
Cardiac arrhythmias: Medical management and/or pacemaker placement
-
Myocardial disease/valvular disease: Assess severity, consider medical versus surgical treatment
-
Cerebrovascular disease: Reduce risk factors; consider medical versus surgical treatment
-
Hypoglycemia: Identify underlying cause; adjust medications and diet to prevent further episodes
-
Seizures: Adjust medications to prevent seizures; no driving
>
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Dizziness/Lightheadedness & Vertigo:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
- Treat the underlying disorder of lightheadedness
–Rehydrate patient as necessary
–Compensate for heart failure with inotropic agents,
diuretics, and ACE inhibitors
–Surgical intervention for valvular incompetence
–Treat prodromal stroke (TIA) with aspirin or warfarin
–Carotid endarterectomy for significant carotid stenosis
–Acute migraine treatment with NSAIDs or triptans (e.g.,
sumatriptan); prophylaxis with valproate or tricyclic antidepressants;
–Phenytoin or carbamazepine for seizures and auras
- Vertigo
–Meclizine and/or reassurance and time are usually sufficient for benign positional vertigo
–Modified Epley and/or particle repositioning maneuvers
for positional symptoms
–Diuretics and/or surgery for Ménière's disease
–Central causes require disease-specific therapy
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Coma:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
First assess airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs)
–Obtain intravenous access
–Treat for hypoglycemia
–Look for signs of herniation and increased ICP
-
Reverse toxins if possible: Naloxone for opioids
-
Treat with antibiotics for possible infectious agents
–Cephalosporins (for bacteria), acyclovir (for herpes)
-
Increased intracranial pressure (ICP)
–Keep head of the bed up
–Intubate and hyperventilate
–Give mannitol (an osmotic agent)
-
Seizures: Treat with benzodiazepines and fosphenytoin
-
Treat the underlying systemic illness
-
Observe in the intensive care unit with frequent
neurologic examinations
–Closely observe fluid status, changes in temperature
–Prevent iatrogenic problems (e.g., DVT, corneal
abrasions, decubitus ulcers)
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Delirium:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Correction of any metabolic derangements, including alterations of glucose and sodium
-
Drug ingestion
–Discuss with poison control center
-
Infectious causes
–Use of appropriate antibiotics based on likely
organisms
-
Psychological disturbance
–Antipsychotics if appropriate
-
Heat stroke
–Aggressive rehydration
-
Hepatic failure
–Supportive therapy
–Lactulose may help to improve mental state/cognition
-
Hartnup
–Supplemental nicotinamide
-
Pellagra
–Supplemental niacin
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Vertigo:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
If the vertigo is accompanied by nausea and vomiting, supportive care with fluid and electrolyte replacement
-
Migraine aura associated vertigo: Analgesics and vestibular suppressants such as sumatriptan, propranolol, amitriptyline, diazepam; avoid triggers
-
Acute viral labyrinthitis: Bedrest, antiemetics, IV fluids, diazepam, antihistamines
-
Control of hypertension, diabetes, cardiac arrhythmia
-
Cerebellopontine angle tumors: Surgical resection
-
BPPV/ Ménière disease: Positioning procedure; brief treatment with diazepam, meclizine, or dimenhydrinate
-
Perilymph fistula: Pneumatic otoscopy reproduces symptoms; often heals spontaneously
-
Vertebrobasilar stroke: Neurology consultation
-
Cerebellar hemorrhage: Emergent neurosurgical consult for question of posterior fossa decompression
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Syncope:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
- Vasovagal syncope
–Educate family and patient to recognize precipitating factors and to avoid hypovolemia
–Have patient lie in a recumbent position until the
symptoms subside
–Reassurance
- If severe, β-blockers can be used for recurrent vasovagal syncope
-
For breath-holding spells, education is also imperative
-
Iron has also been advocated in patients who are found to be iron-deficient
-
Cardiac abnormalities are treated on an individual basis
–Structural lesions will require repair
–Arrhythmias may require medication or pacing
–Prolonged QT is treated with β-blockers, left cardiac sympathetic denervation, or demand cardiac pacing
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Aura:
Emergency interventions
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
When an aura rapidly progresses to the ictal phase of a seizure, quickly evaluate the seizure and be alert for life-threatening complications such as apnea. When an aura heralds a classic migraine, make the patient as comfortable as possible. Place him in a dark, quiet room and administer drugs to prevent the headache, if necessary.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Level of consciousness, decreased:
Emergency interventions
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
After evaluating the patient’s airway, breathing, and circulation, use the Glasgow Coma Scale to quickly determine his LOC and to obtain baseline data. (See Glasgow Coma Scale.) If the patient’s score is 13 or less, emergency surgery may be necessary. Insert an artificial airway, elevate the head of the bed 30 degrees and, if spinal cord injury has been ruled out, turn the patient’s head to the side. Prepare to suction the patient if necessary. You may need to hyperventilate him to reduce carbon dioxide levels and decrease intracranial pressure (ICP). Then determine the rate, rhythm, and depth of spontaneous respirations. Support his breathing with a handheld resuscitation bag, if necessary. If the patient’s Glasgow Coma Scale score is 7 or less, intubation and resuscitation may be necessary.
Continue to monitor the patient’s vital signs, being alert for signs of increasing ICP, such as bradycardia and a widening pulse pressure. When his airway, breathing, and circulation are stabilized, perform a neurologic examination.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Syncope:
Emergency interventions
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
If you see a patient faint, ensure a patent airway and the patient’s safety, and take his vital signs. Then place the patient in a supine position, elevate his legs, and loosen tight clothing. Be alert for tachycardia, bradycardia, or an irregular pulse. Meanwhile, place him on a cardiac monitor to detect arrhythmias. If an arrhythmia appears, give oxygen and insert an I.V. line for medications or fluids. Be ready to begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Cardioversion, defibrillation, or insertion of a temporary pacemaker may be required.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Aura:
Emergency interventions
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
When an aura rapidly progresses to the ictal phase of a seizure, quickly evaluate the seizure and be alert for life-threatening complications such as apnea. When an aura heralds a classic migraine, make the patient as comfortable as possible. Place him in a dark, quiet room and administer drugs to prevent the headache, if necessary.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Dizziness:
Emergency interventions
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
If the patient complains of dizziness, first ensure his safety by preventing falls, and then determine the severity and onset of the dizziness. Ask the patient to describe it. Is it associated with headache or blurred vision? Next, take the patient’s blood pressure while he’s lying, sitting, and standing to check for orthostatic hypotension. Ask about a history of high blood pressure. Determine if the patient is at risk for hypoglycemia. Tell the patient to lie down, and recheck his vital signs every 15 minutes. Start an I.V. line, and prepare to administer medications as ordered.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Level of consciousness, decreased:
Emergency Interventions
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
After evaluating the patient’s airway, breathing, and circulation, use the Glasgow Coma Scale to quickly determine his LOC and to obtain baseline data. (See Using the Glasgow Coma Scale, page 480.) If the patient’s score is 13 or less, emergency surgery may be necessary. Insert an artificial airway, elevate the head of the bed 30 degrees and, if spinal cord injury has been ruled out, turn the patient’s head to the side. Prepare to suction the patient if necessary. You may need to hyperventilate him to reduce carbon dioxide levels and decrease intracranial pressure (ICP). Then determine the rate, rhythm, and depth of spontaneous respirations. Support his breathing with a handheld resuscitation bag, if necessary. If the patient’s Glasgow Coma Scale score is 7 or less, intubation and resuscitation may be necessary.
Continue to monitor the patient’s vital signs, being alert for signs of increasing ICP, such as bradycardia and widening pulse pressure. When his airway, breathing, and circulation are stabilized, perform a neurologic examination.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Syncope:
Emergency interventions
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
If you see a patient faint, ensure a patent airway, patient safety, and take vital signs. Then place the patient in a supine position, elevate his legs, and loosen any tight clothing. Be alert for tachycardia, bradycardia, or an irregular pulse. Meanwhile, place him on a cardiac monitor to detect arrhythmias. If an arrhythmia appears, give oxygen and insert an I.V. line for drugs or fluids. Be ready to begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Cardioversion, defibrillation, or insertion of a temporary pacemaker may be required.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Dizziness:
Nursing considerations
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
Prepare the patient for diagnostic tests, such as blood studies, arteriography, computed tomography scan, electroencephalograph, magnetic resonance imaging, and tilt-table studies.
Patient teaching
Teach the patient ways to control dizziness. If he’s hyperventilating, have him breathe and rebreathe into his cupped hands or a paper bag. If he experiences dizziness in an upright position, tell him to lie down and rest and then to rise slowly. Advise the patient with carotid sinus hypersensitivity to avoid wearing garments that fit tightly at the neck. Instruct the patient who risks a TIA from vertebrobasilar insufficiency to turn his body instead of sharply turning his head to one side.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series, 2007
Level of consciousness, decreased:
Nursing considerations
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
Reassess the patient’s LOC and neurologic status at least hourly. Carefully monitor ICP and intake and output. Ensure airway patency and proper nutrition. Take precautions to help ensure the patient’s safety. Keep him on bed rest with the side rails up and maintain seizure precautions. Keep emergency resuscitation equipment at the patient’s bedside. Prepare the patient for a computed tomography scan of the head, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, EEG, and lumbar puncture. Maintain an elevation of the head of the bed to at least 30 degrees. Don’t administer an opioid or sedative because either may further decrease the patient’s LOC and hinder an accurate, meaningful neurologic examination. Apply restraints only if necessary because their use may increase his agitation and confusion. Talk to the patient even if he appears comatose; your voice may help reorient him to reality.
Patient teaching
Explain the treatments and procedures the patient needs. Teach safety and seizure precautions. Provide referrals to sources of support. Discuss quality of life issues with the patient and his family, as indicated.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series, 2007
Syncope:
Nursing considerations
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
Continue to monitor the patient’s vital signs closely. Prepare the patient for an electrocardiogram, Holter monitoring, and carotid duplex, carotid Doppler, and electrophysiology studies.
Patient teaching
Advise the patient to pace his activities, to rise slowly from a recumbent position, to avoid standing still for a prolonged time, and to sit or lie down as soon as he feels faint.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series, 2007
Aura:
Emergency Actions
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
When an aura rapidly progresses to the ictal phase of a seizure, quickly evaluate the seizure and be alert for life-threatening complications such as apnea. When an aura heralds a classic migraine, make the patient as comfortable as possible. Place him in a dark, quiet room and administer drugs to prevent the headache, if necessary.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Dizziness:
Emergency Actions
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
If the patient complains of dizziness, first ensure his safety by preventing falls. Then determine the severity and onset of the dizziness. Ask the patient to describe it. Find out if the dizziness is associated with headache or blurred vision. Next, take the patient’s blood pressure while he’s lying, sitting, and standing to check for orthostatic hypotension. Ask about a history of high blood pressure. Determine if the patient is at risk for hypoglycemia. Tell him to lie down, and recheck his vital signs every 15 minutes. Start an I.V. line, and prepare to administer medications as ordered.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Level of consciousness, decreased:
Emergency Actions
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
After evaluating the patient’s airway, breathing, and circulation, use the Glasgow Coma Scale to quickly determine his LOC and to obtain baseline data. (See Glasgow Coma Scale.) Insert an artificial airway, elevate the head of the bed 30 degrees and, if spinal cord injury has been ruled out, turn the patient’s head to the side. Prepare to suction the patient, if necessary. You may need to hyperventilate him to reduce carbon dioxide levels and decrease intracranial pressure (ICP). Then determine the rate, rhythm, and depth of spontaneous respirations. Support his breathing with a handheld resuscitation bag if necessary. If the patient’s Glasgow Coma Scale score is 7 or lower, intubation and resuscitation may be necessary. Continue to monitor the patient’s vital signs, being alert for signs of increasing ICP, such as bradycardia and widening pulse pressure. When his airway, breathing, and circulation are stabilized, perform a neurologic examination.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Vertigo:
Patient counseling
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
If the patient is experiencing vertigo, tell him not to get out of bed or walk without assistance. Instruct the patient not to make sudden position changes and to avoid tasks that can be dangerous such as driving.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Syncope:
Emergency Actions
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
If you see a patient faint, ensure a patent airway, patient safety, and take vital signs. Then place the patient in a supine position, elevate his legs, and loosen any tight clothing. Be alert for tachycardia, bradycardia, or an irregular pulse. Meanwhile, place him on a cardiac monitor to detect arrhythmias. If an arrhythmia appears, give oxygen and insert an I.V. line for drugs or fluids. Be ready to begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Cardioversion, defibrillation, or insertion of a temporary pacemaker may be required.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Aura:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Advise the patient to keep a diary of factors that precipitate each headache or seizure as well as associated symptoms to help you evaluate the effectiveness of drug therapy and recommend lifestyle changes.
Patient teaching
▪ Teach the patient stress-reduction measures.
▪ If the patient recognizes the aura as a warning sign, tell him to prevent the headache by taking appropriate medications.
▪ Explain diagnostic tests or procedures.
▪ Explain the underlying disorder and treatment plan.
▪ If the patient has a seizure disorder, emphasize the importance of taking anticonvulsants as directed.
▪ Stress the importance of regular follow-up appointments for blood studies.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Dizziness:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Prepare the patient for diagnostic tests, such as blood studies, arteriography, a computed tomography scan, EEG, magnetic resonance imaging, and tilt-table studies.
▪ Ensure safety measures.
Patient teaching
▪ Teach the patient how to control dizziness.
▪ Discuss safety measures.
▪ Teach the patient about his underlying disorder and its treatment.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Level of consciousness, decreased:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Reassess the patient's LOC and neurologic status at least hourly.
▪ Carefully monitor ICP and intake and output.
▪ Ensure airway patency and proper nutrition.
▪ Keep the patient on bed rest and maintain seizure precautions.
▪ Keep emergency resuscitation equipment at the patient's bedside.
▪ Prepare the patient for a computed tomography scan of the head, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, EEG, and lumbar puncture.
▪ Elevate the head of the bed to at least 30 degrees.
▪ Don't administer an opioid or sedative because either may further decrease the patient's LOC and hinder an accurate, meaningful neurologic examination.
▪ Talk to the patient even if he appears comatose; your voice may help reorient him to reality.
Patient teaching
▪ Explain the underlying cause of decreased LOC and its treatments and procedures to the patient and his family.
▪ Teach them about safety and seizure precautions.
▪ Provide referrals to sources of support.
▪ Discuss quality of life issues, if appropriate.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Vertigo:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Place the patient in a comfortable position.
▪ Monitor vital signs and LOC.
▪ Take measures to provide for the patient's safety.
▪ Darken the room and keep the patient calm.
▪ Administer drugs to control nausea and vomiting and decrease labyrinthine irritability.
▪ Prepare the patient for diagnostic tests, such as electronystagmography, EEG, and X-rays of the middle and inner ears.
Patient teaching
▪ Explain to the patient the underlying cause of vertigo and its treatment.
▪ Explain safety measures to the patient.
▪ Tell the patient to avoid sudden position changes and dangerous tasks.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Syncope:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Monitor the patient's vital signs closely.
▪ Prepare him for an electrocardiogram and Holter monitor, carotid duplex, carotid Doppler, and electrophysiology studies.
▪ Take measures to provide for patient safety.
Patient teaching
▪ Explain the underlying disorder and treatment plan.
▪ Encourage the patient to pace his activities.
▪ Teach the patient measures to take if he feels faint.
▪ Tell the patient to rise slowly from a lying or sitting to a standing position.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
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