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Blood

Contents for Bleeding symptoms
  1. Introduction: Bleeding symptoms
  2. Causes (1348 conditions)
  3. Causes of Types
  4. Diagnostic Guides
  5. Drug causes (125 listings)
  6. Drug interaction causes (6482 listings)
  7. Diagnostic tests (24 listings)
  8. Questions your doctor may ask (and why) (22 listings)
  9. Videos
  10. Combined symptoms
  11. News (40 listings)

Bleeding symptoms

Blood: Blood is listed as an alternate name or description for symptom:

Causes of Bleeding symptoms (Blood): See detailed list of causes below.

Medical Book Extracts related to Bleeding symptoms (Blood): Refer to the excerpt book sections about Bleeding symptoms below.

Bleeding symptoms (medical symptom): Any type of bleeding symptoms.

Introduction: Blood

Bleeding symptoms (medical symptom): Bleeding severity can range from mild local bleeding at a small injury to massive hemorrhage. Internal bleeding may also show via blood in stool, blood in urine, or gastrointestinal bleeding. Other common sites for bleeding symptoms include nosebleeds, digestive bleeding, vaginal bleeding (and dysmenorrhea), rectal bleeding, and bleeding gums. Bruising is also related to bleeding. Excessive unexplained bleeding or bleeding easily can be caused by numerous diseases including bleeding disorders and several severe diseases (e.g. Leukemia). Any type of bleeding is a severe symptom that needs prompt professional medical diagnosis.

Causes of Bleeding symptoms (Blood)

The list of medical condition causes of Bleeding symptoms (Blood) includes:

All 1348 causes of Bleeding symptoms

More Specific Symptoms for Blood:

Review the causes of the following types of more specific symptoms for Blood:

Related Symptoms for Blood

Research the causes of these related symptoms that are similar to, or related to, the symptom Blood:

  • Bruising (329 causes)
  • Injury
  • Fractures (137 causes)
  • Blood in urine (391 causes)
  • Blood in stool (352 causes)
  • Internal bleeding (18 causes)
  • Very heavy bleeding with menstrual periods (menorrhagia)
  • Unusual bleeding after injury or surgery
  • Bleeding from small cuts that starts and stops over several hours
  • Frequent or prolonged nosebleeds
  • Unusual bleeding from the mouth or gums after a tooth extraction

More Symptom Information for Blood

For a medical symptom description of 'Blood', the following symptom information may be relevant to the symptoms: Bleeding symptoms (symptom). However, note that other causes of the symptom 'Blood' may be possible.

More information on symptom: Bleeding symptoms:

Blood: Blood is listed as an alternate name or description for Diseases contagious from blood. For a medical symptom description of 'Blood', the following disease information may be relevant to the symptoms: Diseases contagious from blood (disease information). However, numerous other possible causes of the symptom may be possible.

Blood (medical condition): Diseases that can be contracted from blood

Blood (medical condition): Diseases that result from exposure to blood. Blood transfusions and needlestick injuries are two ways that diseases can result from exposure to blood. Some of the diseases that can result from this exposure are HIV, hepatitis C and malaria.

More information on medical condition: Diseases contagious from blood:

Medical Textbook Extracts for Blood

Free access to excerpts from published medical book extracts about the causes and diagnosis of Bleeding symptoms from the following published medical books is available for more detailed information that is related to Blood.

MELENA
(Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs)

... Is it true or false melena? False melena may be induced by iron ingestion, bismuth ingestion, charcoal ingestion, red wine ingestion, and many other substances. Is there ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP ... READ EXCERPTS »

THROMBOCYTOPENIA
(Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs)

... What is the WBC count? Thrombocytopenia with a high white count suggests leukemia or myeloid metaplasia. Thrombocytopenia with a normal white count suggests idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura or ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP ... READ EXCERPTS »

PURPURA AND ABNORMAL BLEEDING
(Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs)

... Is there a petechial rash? The presence of a petechial rash suggests either a thrombocytopenic purpura, which may be idiopathic or secondary to leukemia, aplastic anemia, collagen disease, or drugs. In ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP ... READ EXCERPTS »

BLEEDING GUMS
(Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs)

... Are there abnormalities on examination of the teeth or gums? The gums may be swollen, as in phenytoin use and early scurvy, and bleed on slight ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP ... READ EXCERPTS »

RECTAL BLEEDING
(Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs)

... Is it severe? The presence of severe rectal bleeding would suggest ulcerative colitis, amebic dysentery, bacillary dysentery, intussusception, mesenteric ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP ... READ EXCERPTS »

Purpura
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)

... Because the differential diagnosis of purpura is very large, begin by determining whether the purpura is palpable or nonpalpable. Subsequent workup is dictated by the history, physical, and review of... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ EXCERPTS »

Bleeding (Excessive)
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)

... Everyone bleeds; however, most episodes of minor bleeding promptly cease with activation of the normal clotting cascade. Bleeding is considered abnormal when it occurs spontaneously... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ EXCERPTS »

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)

... Uterine bleeding is abnormal when the pattern (amount and/or duration) is irregular. Menorrhagia indicates regular but excessive uterine bleeding; metrorrhagia indicates irregular... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ EXCERPTS »

GI Bleeding - Melena & Hematochezia
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)

... Lower GI tract bleeding occurs distal to the ligament of Treitz (which separates the duodenum from the jejunum) and refers to the passage of either bright red blood per rectum (hematochezia), maroon stools, or... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ EXCERPTS »

GI Bleeding - Hematemesis
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)

... Hematemesis refers to vomiting of clots, fresh blood, or “coffee grounds” and generally represents bleeding from the upper GI tract (i.e., proximal to the ligament of Treitz). May be associated with black, tarry stools ... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ EXCERPTS »

Purpura
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)

... Purpura represents leakage of blood from vessels into skin/mucous membranes; thus, it is nonblanching on pressure; petechiae are <3 mm, ecchymosis >3 mm in diameter. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic>... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ EXCERPTS »

Thrombocytopenia
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)

... Thrombocytopenia is defined as a platelet count of <150,000. Mild (100,000–150,000) and moderate (50,000–100,000) thrombocytopenia are rarely associated with significant bleeding. In contrast to the deep muscle and>... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ EXCERPTS »

Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)

... Age of the patient is important when considering the differential diagnosis of abnormal vaginal bleeding. Pregnancy should always be ruled out despite a negative history of sexual activity. Bleeding that occurs before... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ EXCERPTS »

Diarrhea – Chronic, No Blood or Weight Loss
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)

... Chronic diarrhea (nonbloody, without weight loss) is defined as increased total daily stool output (greater than 10 g/kg/day), associated with increased stool water content; diarrhea is classified as chronic when it... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ EXCERPTS »

Retinal Hemorrhage
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)

... Hemorrhages in the retina represent a broad range of ocular manifestations of systemic disease and/or trauma. The most important diagnosis to discover is nonaccidental trauma. Recognition of the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ EXCERPTS »

THROMBOCYTOPENIA
(Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care)

... The mnemonic VINDICATE is very useful to develop a list of causes of thrombocytopenia. ... READ EXCERPTS »

BLEEDING UNDER THE SKIN
(Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care)

... Conditions of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, vascular wall, and blood may all be associated with bleeding under the skin or purpura, thus both anatomy and physiology ... READ EXCERPTS »

MISCELLANEOUS SITES OF BLEEDING
(Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care)

... Bleeding from the Ear This is not usually a serious condition. Anatomy is again applied to formulate a diagnosis. The blood may be from the external or middle ear and usually is caused by diseases of the skin or drum. Trauma is ... READ EXCERPTS »

RECTAL BLEEDING
(Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care)

... This discussion considers the causes of bright red or maroon stools. (The causes of melena or black stools are the same as the causes of hematemesis; the differential diagnosis is given on page 261.) Bright-red blood may ... READ EXCERPTS »

VAGINAL BLEEDING
(Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care)

... As with most hemorrhages from body orifices, vaginal bleeding is best approached by the anatomic method. Thus, the important structures of the female genital tract are cross-indexed with etiologic categories as in ... READ EXCERPTS »

HEMATEMESIS AND MELENA
(Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care)

... Hematemesis means vomiting or regurgitation of frank bright red blood or coffee-ground material that is positive for occult blood. It may be differentiated from hemoptysis ... READ EXCERPTS »

Melena
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))

... A common sign of upper GI bleeding, melena is the passage of black, tarry stools containing digested blood. The characteristic color results from bacterial degradation and... Emergency Interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Purpura
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))

... Purpura is the extravasation of red blood cells from the blood vessels into the skin, subcutaneous tissue, or mucous membranes. It’s characterized by discoloration that’s... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Gum bleeding [Gingival bleeding]
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))

... Bleeding gums usually result from dental disorders; less commonly, they may stem from a blood dyscrasia or the effects of certain drugs. Physiologic causes of this common sign include... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... READ EXCERPTS »

Vaginal bleeding, postmenopausal
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))

... Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding — bleeding that occurs 6 or more months after menopause — is an important indicator of gynecologic cancer. But it can also result from infection, a local pelvic disorder, estrogenic... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Geriatric pointers ... READ EXCERPTS »

Blood pressure decrease [Hypotension]
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))

... Low blood pressure refers to inadequate intravascular pressure to maintain the oxygen requirements of the body's tissues. Although commonly linked to shock, this sign may also result from a... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Blood pressure increase [Hypertension]
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))

... Elevated blood pressure — an intermittent or sustained increase in blood pressure exceeding 140/90 mm Hg — strikes more men than women and twice as many Blacks as Whites. By itself, ... READ EXCERPTS »

Thrombocytopenia
(A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis)

... Decreased Production Primary hematologic disorders    Aplastic anemia    Acute ... READ EXCERPTS »

Gastrointestinal Bleeding
(A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis)

... Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Inflammation    Esophageal ulcer    Gastric ulcer* ... READ EXCERPTS »

Petechiae and Purpura
(A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis)

... Platelet Disorders Thrombocytopenia    Drugs, especially         ... READ EXCERPTS »

Thrombocytopenia
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

... The most common cause of hemorrhagic disorders, thrombocytopenia is characterized by deficiency of circulating platelets. Because platelets play a vital role in coagulation,... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Abnormal premenopausal bleeding
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

... Abnormal premenopausal bleeding refers to any bleeding that deviates from the normal menstrual cycle before menopause. These deviations include menstrual bleeding that’s abnormally infrequent ... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Bleeding esophageal varices
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

... Signs and Symptoms Bright red, bloody vomitus; cold, clammy skin; hypotension; tachycardia; respiratory distress; anxiety ... READ EXCERPTS »

Blood transfusion reaction
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

... Mediated by immune or nonimmune factors, a transfusion reaction accompanies or follows I.V. administration of blood components. Its severity varies from mild (fever and chills) to severe (acute renal... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... READ EXCERPTS »

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

... Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) refers to abnormal endometrial bleeding without recognizable organic lesions. The prognosis varies with the cause. DUB is the indication for almost 25% of gynecologic surgical procedures. ... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... READ EXCERPTS »

GI hemorrhage
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

... Signs and Symptoms Bright red blood from rectum or mouth, hypotension, tachycardia, nausea, decreased urine output, decreased level of consciousness, increased respiratory rate, cold, clammy skin ... Treatment (Tx) ... READ EXCERPTS »

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

... Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (also called Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome) is an inherited vascular disorder in which venules and capillaries dilate to form fragile masses of thin convoluted vessels (telangiectases),... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... READ EXCERPTS »

Postmenopausal bleeding
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

... Postmenopausal bleeding is defined as bleeding from the reproductive tract that occurs 1 year or more after cessation of menses. Sites of bleeding include the vulva, vagina, cervix, and endometrium... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... READ EXCERPTS »

Allergic purpuras
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

... Allergic purpura, a nonthrombocytopenic purpura, is an acute or chronic vascular inflammation affecting the skin, joints, and GI and genitourinary (GU) tracts, in association with allergy symptoms.... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

... Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), thrombocytopenia that results from immunologic platelet destruction, may be acute (postviral thrombocytopenia) or chronic (Werlhof’s disease, purpura... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... READ EXCERPTS »

Melena
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))

... A common sign of upper GI bleeding, melena is the passage of black, tarry stools containing digested blood. Characteristic color results from bacterial degradation and hydrochloric acid... Emergency Interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Purpura
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))

... Purpura is the extravasation of red blood cells from the blood vessels into the skin, subcutaneous tissue, or mucous membranes. It’s characterized by discoloration that’s easily visible through the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Gum bleeding [Gingival bleeding]
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))

... Bleeding gums usually result from dental disorders; less often, they may stem from blood dyscrasias or the effects of certain drugs. Physiologic causes of this common sign include pregnancy, which can produce gum... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Vaginal bleeding, postmenopausal
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))

... Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding—bleeding that occurs 6 or more months after menopause—is an important indicator of gynecologic cancer. But it can also result from infection, a local pelvic... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... READ EXCERPTS »

Blood pressure decrease [Hypotension]
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))

... Low blood pressure refers to inadequate intravascular pressure to maintain the the body’s oxygen requirements. Although commonly linked to shock, this sign may also result from cardiovascular, respiratory, neurologic,... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Blood pressure increase [Hypertension]
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))

... Elevated blood pressure—an intermittent or sustained increase in blood pressure exceeding 140/90 mm Hg—strikes more men than women and twice as many Blacks as Whites... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Hematochezia [Rectal bleeding]
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))

... The passage of bloody stools, also known as hematochezia, usually indicates—and may be the first sign of—GI bleeding below the ligament of Treitz. However, this sign—usually preceded by... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... READ EXCERPTS »

Thrombocytopenia
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)

... Mark D. Darrow A low platelet count is usually brought to the attention of the practitioner as the result of an automated complete blood count in an asymptomatic patient (1). I... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Gastrointestinal Bleeding
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)

... Mark B. Stephens Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is responsible for 1% to 2% of all hospital admissions in the United States (1). Bleeding can be... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Laboratory evaluation ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Postmenopausal Bleeding
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)

... Victoria S. Kaprielian Postmenopausal bleeding is defined as vaginal bleeding that occurs in a woman who has had no menses for a year or more. This is a common... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... READ EXCERPTS »

Rectal Bleeding
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)

... Ted Epperly Rectal bleeding is a common problem encountered by primary care providers across the United States. Annually, approximately 3% of the... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Petechiae and Purpura
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)

... John L. Smith Purpura are the visible extravasation of blood into the skin or mucous membranes. Petechiae are purpura less than 2 mm in diameter and ecchymoses are greater than 1 cm in... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment (4) ... READ EXCERPTS »

Purpura/Petechiae/Excessive Bleeding
(Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis)

... Differential Overview Purpura ❑Trauma ❑Senile purpura ❑Drugs ❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Gastrointestinal Bleeding
(Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis)

... Differential Overview Upper GI ❑ Peptic ulcer disease ❑ Gastritis ❑ Mallory-Weiss tear ... DIagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Vaginal Bleeding
(Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis)

... Differential Overview ❑ Ovulatory bleeding ❑ Anovulatory bleeding ❑ Uterine leiomyoma ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... READ EXCERPTS »

Thrombocytopenia
(Handbook of Diseases)

... The most common cause of hemorrhagic disorders, thrombocytopenia is characterized by deficiency of circulating platelets. Because platelets play a vital role in coagulation, this disease poses a... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Allergic purpura
(Handbook of Diseases)

... Allergic purpura, or anaphylactoid purpura, is a type of nonthrombocytopenic purpura. It’s characterized by allergy symptoms and acute or chronic vascular inflammation affecting the skin, joints, or GI or genitourinary (GU) tract... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... READ EXCERPTS »

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
(Handbook of Diseases)

... Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), thrombocytopenia that results from immunologic platelet destruction, may be acute (postviral thrombocytopenia) or chronic (Werlhof’s disease, purpura hemorrhagica, essential... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... READ EXCERPTS »

Melena
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)

... A common sign of upper GI bleeding, melena is the passage of black, tarry stools containing digested blood. Characteristic color results from bacterial degradation and hydrochloric acid acting on the blood as it travels through the GI tract.... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Blood pressure decrease
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)

... Low blood pressure or hypotension refers to inadequate intravascular pressure to maintain the oxygen requirements of the body’s tissues. Although commonly linked to shock, this sign may also result from a... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Blood pressure increase
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)

... Elevated blood pressure (hypertension) is defined as an intermittent or sustained increase in blood pressure exceeding 140/90 mm Hg. Hypertension strikes more men than women and twice as many blacks as whites. Its causes can be life... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Melena
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)

... A common sign of upper GI bleeding, melena is the passage of black, tarry stools containing digested blood. Characteristic color results from bacterial degradation and... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Purpura
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)

... Purpura is the extravasation of red blood cells from the blood vessels into the skin, subcutaneous tissue, or mucous membranes. It’s characterized by discoloration that’s easily... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Vaginal bleeding, postmenopausal
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)

... Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding — bleeding that occurs 6 or more months after menopause — is an important indicator of gynecologic cancer, but it can also result from infection, a local... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Gum bleeding
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)

... Bleeding gums, or gingival bleeding, usually result from dental disorders; less commonly, they may stem from a blood dyscrasia or the effects of certain drugs. Physiologic causes of this common sign... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Blood pressure decrease
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)

... Low blood pressure, also known as hypotension, refers to inadequate intravascular pressure to maintain the oxygen requirements of the body’s tissues. Typically, a reading below 90/60 mm Hg,... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Blood pressure increase
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)

... Elevated blood pressure — an intermittent or sustained increase in blood pressure exceeding 140/90 mm Hg — strikes more men than women. By itself, this common sign is easily ignored by the patient; after all... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Purpura and Bleeding
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)

...Purpura are macular discolorations that donot blanch or disappear with pressure. They include petechiae (<3mm in diameter) and ecchymoses (larger lesions). Principal Causes of Purpura and Bleeding Lossof> ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References ... READ EXCERPTS »

Gastrointestinal Bleeding
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)

... Can occuranywhere from nose and mouth to anus. Bleeding that occurs proximal to ligamentof Treitz is considered upper tract bleeding, whereas bleeding thatoccurs distal to this ligament is considered lower tract... Principal Causes of Gastrointestinal Bleeding ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References ... READ EXCERPTS »

Vaginal Bleeding
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)

... Vaginalbleeding is physiologic in the neonatal period and during the normalmenstrual cycle. Maternal estrogen stimulates endometrial growthin the fetus, but after delivery, the decrease in serum estrogenleads to endometrial sloughing and... Principal Causes of Vaginal Bleeding ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References ... READ EXCERPTS »

Melena
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)

... A common sign of upper GI bleeding, melena is the passage of black, tarry stools containing digested blood. The characteristic color results from bacterial degradation and hydrochloric acid acting on the blood as it... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Purpura
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)

... Purpura is the extravasation of red blood cells from the blood vessels into the skin, subcutaneous tissue, or mucous membranes. It's characterized by discoloration that's easily visible through the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Gum bleeding [Gingival bleeding]
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)

... Bleeding gums usually result from dental disorders; less commonly, they may stem from a blood dyscrasia or the effects of certain drugs. Physiologic causes of this common sign include pregnancy, which can produce gum... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... READ EXCERPTS »

Vaginal bleeding, postmenopausal
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)

... Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding—bleeding that occurs 6 or more months after menopause—is an important, albeit not a definitive, indicator of gynecologic cancer. It can also result... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... READ EXCERPTS »

Blood pressure, decreased [Hypotension]
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)

... Low blood pressure refers to inadequate intravascular pressure to maintain the oxygen requirements of the body's tissues. Although commonly linked to shock, this sign may also result from a cardiovascular, respiratory,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Blood pressure, increased [Hypertension]
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)

... Elevated blood pressure or hypertension (an intermittent or sustained increase in blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg) strikes more men than women and twice as many Blacks as Whites. By itself, this common sign is easily ignored... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Hematochezia [Rectal bleeding]
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)

... The passage of bloody stools, also known as hematochezia, usually indicates—and may be the first sign of—GI bleeding below the ligament of Treitz. However, this sign—usually preceded by hematemesis&mdash... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... READ EXCERPTS »

THROMBOCYTOPENIA
(Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care)

... The mnemonic VINDICATE is very useful to develop a list of causes of thrombocytopenia. V—Vascular disorders should help the recall of... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Bleeding Under the Skin
(Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care)

... Conditions of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, vascular wall, and blood may all be associated with bleeding under the skin or purpura, thus both anatomy and physiology must be... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

MISCELLANEOUS SITES OF BLEEDING
(Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care)

... Bleeding from the ear. This is not usually a serious condition. Anatomy is again applied to formulate a diagnosis. The blood may be from the ... READ EXCERPTS »

RECTAL BLEEDING
(Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care)

... This discussion considers the causes of bright red or maroon stools. (The causes of melena or black stools are the same as the causes of hematemesis; the differential diagnosis is given on page 215.) Bright... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

VAGINAL BLEEDING
(Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care)

... As with most hemorrhages from body orifices, vaginal bleeding is best approached by the anatomic method. Thus, the important structures of the female genital tract are cross-indexed with etiologic categories as in... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

HEMATEMESIS AND MELENA
(Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care)

... Hematemesis means vomiting or regurgitation of frank bright red blood or coffee-ground material that is positive for occult blood. It may be differentiated from hemoptysis because it usually gives an... Pictures ... READ EXCERPTS »

Consider checking a fibrinogen level in excessively bleeding patients because if it is not replaced with cryoprecipitate, they will be unable to form clots
(Avoiding Common Pediatric Errors)

... Author: Dorothy Chen, MD What to Do - Gather Appropriate Data Patients can present with bleeding after trauma, during or after a procedure, or secondary to a critical clinical state. Fortunately, the... Suggested Readings ... READ EXCERPTS »

Abnormal Bleeding
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)

... Char Witmer, MDLeslie Raffini, MD (4th Edition) Abnormal Bleeding - BASICS Abnormal Bleeding - description Abnormal bleeding may present as: Frequent ... Abnormal Bleeding - DIAGNOSIS ... Abnormal Bleeding - TREATMENT ... Abnormal Bleeding - FOLLOW UP ... Abnormal Bleeding - bibliography ... Abnormal Bleeding - CODES ... Abnormal Bleeding - FAQ ... READ EXCERPTS »

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Blood (organ): Circulating fluid carrying food and oxygen around the body

Blood (organ): The blood contains fluid (plasma) with numerous cells. There are red blood cells that transport oxygen from the lungs to body cells. White blood cells include many involved in the immune system, such as T-cells and B-cells. Platelets are blood cells involved in clotting.

Blood (organ): Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the body's cells, and carries waste materials away. Blood also carries hormones, which control body processes, and antibodies, to fight invading germs. The heart is the pump that keeps this transport system moving. Together, the blood, heart, and blood vessels form the circulatory system.


Blood (organ): See Blood (organ information).

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