...
Is there fever? If there is fever, one should look for yellow fever, diphtheria, cerebral abscess, or meningitis. Perhaps the fever is related to increased intracranial pressure from apoplexy.
... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Are the palpitations constant or intermittent? Constant palpitations may signify tachycardia, and that would suggest hyperthyroidism or overuse of ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there a positive alcohol or drug history? It is well known that alcohol can cause a myocardiopathy. Atropine, caffeine, and many other substances can cause a tachycardia.
Is the heart rate ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is the rate normal, rapid, or slow? A rapid rate would suggest supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, atrial flutter, and ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Could the murmur be extracardiac in origin? Extracardiac murmurs include the pericardial friction rub and cardiorespiratory murmurs.
Is the ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is it acute? Acute reduction of the pulse of an extremity may be due to an arterial embolism, dissecting aneurysm, or fracture of the limb.
Does it involve the upper extremities only ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Bradycardia is defined as heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute. It is a common finding that often does not require treatment in the absence of symptoms.
Differential Diagnosis
... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Palpitations are the subjective sensation of the heart beating rapidly, strongly, or irregularly. It often means that a rapid heart rate is occurring, but it can also be seen even when the heart... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Tachycardia is defined by a heart rate ≥100 beats per minute. Most tachyarrhythmias occur as a result of triggered activity, increased automaticity, or re-entry circuits. A 12-lead ECG is... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Diastolic heart murmurs are never normal and should always be further evaluated, in contrast to systolic murmurs, which are commonly benign or due to rapid flow rates. The part of the cardiac cycle that the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Systolic heart murmurs, in contrast to diastolic murmurs, may be normal or abnormal, although when coupled with a heave they are always abnormal. The part of the cardiac cycle that the murmur falls into (e.g., early, middle... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Unequal pulses is a difference in blood pressure measurements between both arms or between the arms and the legs. The presence of unequal pulses can help diagnose significant... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Bradycardia is a slow pulse (<90 in infants and <60 in children and adolescents). Causes range from the benign (athletic heart) to the life threatening (sepsis, severe heart block). Assessing the child's'>>... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Most tachycardias in children are supraventricular and well tolerated, allowing time for proper evaluation and diagnosis. Cardiovascular collapse is rare but more common in those with a... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... Bradycardia (a heart rate below 60 beats/min) is not infrequently found during a routine physical examination. Visualizing the conduction system of the heart recalls the sick sinus syndrome, atrioventricular (A-V) nodal rhythm, or A-V
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... The first consideration on hearing a heart murmur is to determine whether the murmur is functional or organic. Certainly, the low-grade systolic murmurs tend to be functional; if the murmur changes or disappears on position,
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... Tachycardia, like dyspnea, is usually a sign that the tissues are not getting enough oxygen to meet their demands. To recall a list of causes pathophysiology is applied. If tachycardia results from
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... Because anxiety is the common cause of palpitations, there is a tremendous temptation to jump to this conclusion as the cause in an otherwise healthy looking individual. If we use the
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... Bradycardia refers to a heart rate of less than 60 beats/minute. It occurs normally in young adults, trained athletes, and elderly people as well as during sleep. It's also a normal response to vagal stimulation... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Murmurs are auscultatory sounds heard within the heart chambers or major arteries. They’re classified by their timing and duration in the cardiac cycle, auscultatory location, loudness, configuration, pitch, and quality. ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Defined as a conscious awareness of one’s heartbeat, palpitations are usually felt over the precordium or in the throat or neck. The patient may describe them as pounding, jumping, turning, fluttering, or flopping or as missing or... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... An abnormal pulse rhythm is an irregular expansion and contraction of the peripheral arterial walls. It may be persistent or sporadic and rhythmic or arrhythmic. Detected by palpating the radial or carotid... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... An absent or a weak pulse may be generalized or affect only one extremity. When generalized, this sign is an important indicator of such life-threatening conditions as shock and arrhythmia. Localized loss or weakness of a pulse that’s... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... A biferious pulse is a hyperdynamic, double-beating pulse characterized by two systolic peaks separated by a midsystolic dip. Both peaks may be equal or either may be larger; usually, however, the first peak is... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Pulsus paradoxus, or paradoxical pulse, is an exaggerated decline in blood pressure during inspiration. Normally, systolic pressure falls less than 10 mm Hg during inspiration... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Easily detected by counting the apical, carotid, or radial pulse, tachycardia is a heart rate greater than 100 beats/minute. The patient with tachycardia usually complains of palpitations or of a “racing” heart. This common sign... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Systolic
Early systolic
Physiologic (innocent)
Small ventricular septal defect
Large
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... Palpitation without Arrhythmia
Noncardiac disorders
Anxiety
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... Bradycardia refers to a heart rate of less than 60 beats/minute. It occurs normally in young adults, trained athletes, and elderly people as well as during sleep. It’s also a normal... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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Murmurs
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... Murmurs are auscultatory sounds heard within the heart chambers or major arteries. They’re classified by their timing and duration in the cardiac cycle, auscultatory location, loudness, configuration, pitch, and quality.
... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Defined as a conscious awareness of one’s heartbeat, palpitations are usually felt over the precordium or in the throat or neck. The patient may describe them as pounding, jumping,... Emergency Interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... An abnormal pulse rhythm is an irregular expansion and contraction of the peripheral arterial walls. It may be persistent or sporadic, and rhythmic or arrhythmic. Detected by palpating the radial or carotid pulse, an... Emergency Interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... An absent or weak pulse may be generalized or affect only one extremity. When generalized, this sign is an important indicator of such life-threatening conditions as shock and arrhythmia. Localized loss or... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... A bisferious pulse is a hyperdynamic, double-beating pulse characterized by two systolic peaks separated by a midsystolic dip. Both peaks may be equal or either may be larger;... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Pulsus paradoxus, or paradoxical pulse, is an exaggerated decline in blood pressure during inspiration. Normally, systolic pressure falls less than 10 mm Hg during inspiration. In pulsus... Emergency Interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Easily detected by counting the apical, carotid, or radial pulse rate, tachycardia is a heart rate greater than 100 beats/ minute. The patient with tachycardia usually complains of palpitations or a “racing” heart.... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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Bradycardia
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Paul C. Riggle and Richard W. Harper
Bradycardia, which is defined as a heart rate below 60 beats/minute, results from abnormalities in impulse formation or failure of atrioventricular (AV) conduction. As with all... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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Palpitations
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... David M. Schneider
Palpitations (PPTs), defined as an uncomfortable or abnormal awareness of the heart beat, are common in primary care patients. In one study, recurrent symptoms occurred in 75% of... Approach ... History ... Physical examination (PE) ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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Tachycardia
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Gehan Devendra
Tachycardia is commonly found in both hospitalized and ambulatory patients. It can be either physiologic or pathologic and is defined as a heart rate greater than 100 beats/... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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Heart Murmur, Diastolic
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... David E. Anisman and Gerald F. Farnell
A diastolic murmur is a finding that provides a clue to an underlying disease process. Unlike their systolic counterparts (Chapter 7.7), diastolic murmurs... Approach ... History ... Physical examination (PE) ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
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Heart Murmur, Systolic
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Dale Bishop
Systolic murmurs can herald significant clinical deterioration and sudden death, or they can represent stable or clinically insignificant conditions. Although... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
Sinus Bradycardia
❑ Hypothyroidism
❑ Hypervagotonia
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
❑ Sinus tachycardia
❑ Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
❑ Atrial fibrillation
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Aortic regurgitation
❑ Pulmonic regurgitation
❑ Mitral stenosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Systolic ejection murmur
❑ Mitral regurgitation
❑ Mitral valve prolapse
❑ Aortic stenosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Aortic stenosis/aortic insufficiency
❑ Pericardial friction rub
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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Bradycardia
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
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... Bradycardia refers to a heart rate of less than 60 beats/minute. It occurs normally in young adults, trained athletes, and elderly people as well as during sleep. It’s also a normal response to vagal stimulation caused by coughing,... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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Murmurs
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
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... Murmurs are auscultatory sounds heard within the heart chambers or major arteries. They’re classified by their timing and duration in the cardiac cycle, auscultatory location, loudness,... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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Palpitations
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
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... Defined as a conscious awareness of one’s heartbeat, palpitations are usually felt over the precordium or in the throat or neck. The patient may describe them as pounding, jumping,... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... An abnormal pulse rhythm is an irregular expansion and contraction of the peripheral arterial walls. It may be persistent or sporadic and rhythmic or arrhythmic. Detected by palpating the radial or carotid pulse, an abnormal rhythm is... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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Tachycardia
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
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... Easily detected by counting the apical, carotid, or radial pulse, tachycardia is a heart rate greater than 100 beats/minute. The patient with tachycardia usually complains of... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Pulsus paradoxus is an exaggerated decline in blood pressure during inspiration. Normally, systolic pressure falls less than 10 mm Hg during inspiration. In pulsus paradoxus, it falls... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Bradycardia refers to a heart rate of less than 60 beats/minute. It occurs normally in young adults, trained athletes, and elderly people as well as during sleep. It’s also a normal response to... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Murmurs
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
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... Murmurs are auscultatory sounds heard within the heart chambers or major arteries. They’re classified by their timing and duration in the cardiac cycle, auscultatory location, loudness, configuration,... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Defined as a conscious awareness of one’s own heartbeat, palpitations are usually felt over the precordium or in the throat or neck. The patient may describe them as pounding,... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... An abnormal pulse rhythm is an irregular expansion and contraction of the peripheral arterial walls. It may be persistent or sporadic, and rhythmic or arrhythmic. Detected by palpating the radial or carotid... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... An absent or weak pulse may be generalized or may affect only one extremity. When generalized, this sign is an important indicator of such life-threatening conditions as shock and arrhythmia. Localized loss or weakness of a pulse that&rsquo... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... A bisferiens pulse is a hyperdynamic, double-beating pulse characterized by two systolic peaks separated by a midsystolic dip. Both peaks may be equal or either may be larger; usually, however, the first peak... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Pulsus paradoxus, or paradoxical pulse, is an exaggerated decline in blood pressure during inspiration. Normally, systolic pressure falls less than 10 mm Hg during inspiration. In pulsus paradoxus, it falls... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Easily detected by counting the apical, carotid, or radial pulse, tachycardia is a heart rate greater than 100 beats/minute. The patient with tachycardia usually complains of palpitations or of a “racing... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Normal murmursare due to turbulence of normal blood flow. A normal murmur does not result insymptoms. Cardiovascular exam, chest radiograph, and ECG are normal.Other terms used to signify a normal murmur are benign,... Principal Causes of Heart Murmurs (Asymptomatic) ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... Bradycardia refers to a heart rate of less than 60 beats/minute. It occurs normally in young adults, trained athletes, and elderly people as well as during sleep. It's a normal... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Murmurs are auscultatory sounds heard within the heart chambers or major arteries. They're classified by their timing and duration in the cardiac cycle, auscultatory location, loudness,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Defined as a conscious awareness of one's heartbeat, palpitations are usually felt over the precordium or in the throat or neck. The patient may describe them as pounding, jumping, turning, fluttering, or flopping or as missing or... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... An abnormal pulse rhythm is an irregular expansion and contraction of the peripheral arterial walls. It may be persistent or sporadic and rhythmic or arrhythmic. Detected by palpating the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... An absent or a weak pulse may be generalized or affect only one extremity. When generalized, this sign is an important indicator of such life-threatening conditions as shock and arrhythmia. Localized loss or... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... A biferious pulse is a hyperdynamic, double-beating pulse characterized by two systolic peaks separated by a midsystolic dip. Both peaks may be equal or either may be larger; usually, however, the first peak is taller or more... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Pulsus paradoxus, or paradoxical pulse, is an exaggerated decline in blood pressure during inspiration. Normally, systolic pressure falls less than 10 mm Hg during inspiration. In pulsus paradoxus, it falls more than... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... Easily detected by counting the apical, carotid, or radial pulse, tachycardia is a heart rate greater than 100 beats/minute. The patient with tachycardia usually complains of palpitations or of a “racing” heart.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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...
Bradycardia (a heart rate below 60 beats per minute) is not
infrequently found during a routine physical examination. Visualizing the
conduction system of the heart recalls the sick sinus syndrome, ... Pictures
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...
The first consideration on hearing a heart murmur is to determine
whether the murmur is functional or organic. Certainly, the low-grade
systolic murmurs tend to be functional; if... Pictures
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...
Tachycardia, like dyspnea, is usually a sign that the tissues are not
getting enough oxygen to meet their demands. To recall a list of causes,
... Pictures
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...
To develop a list of causes of unequal pulses, let’s trace the arterial
system from its origin in the heart to its termination in the extremities.
Heart. Here is the source of
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