Glossary for Behavioral symptoms

Medical terms related to Behavioral symptoms or mentioned in this section include:

• $10q Partial Trisomy$: A very rare genetic disorder characterized by the duplication of genetic material from the long arm (q) of chromosome 10 - the genetic material occurs three times in body cells instead of the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms may vary considerably depending on the exact location and size of the duplicated genetic material.
• $11q Partial Trisomy$: A very rare genetic disorder caused by a duplication of part of chromosome 11q. The characteristic symptoms of the disorder are delayed growth before and after birth, mental retardation (varying severity) and skull and facial defects. The type and severity of symptoms that can occur are variable.
• $14q+ syndrome$: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of genetic material from the long arm (q) of chromosome 14 resulting in various abnormalities.
• $18p minus syndrome$: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 18 is missing which is characterized by mental and growth deficiencies, drooping upper eyelid and prominent ears. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount of genetic material that is missing.
• $1q deletion$: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 1 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• $2-Hydroxyglutaricaciduria$: A rare metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of a certain chemical (2-Hydroxyglutaric) which causes a serious progressive neurological disease and damage to the brain. The features of this disorder are variable and some cases are milder than others.
• $2-Methylbutyric Aciduria$: A very rare genetic disorder where an enzyme deficiency prevents the break down of certain proteins into energy and results in a harmful accumulation of acids in the blood and body tissues. More specifically, there is a deficiency of an enzyme (2-methylbutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase) needed to convert the amino acid isoleucine into energy. 2-methylbutyrylglycine levels build up in the body and may cause damage. Symptoms vary according to the degree of enzyme deficiency - can range from asymptomatic to life-threatening.
• $2-methylbutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency$: A very rare genetic disorder where an enzyme deficiency prevents the break down of certain proteins into energy and results in a harmful accumulation of acids in the blood and body tissues. More specifically, there is a deficiency of an enzyme (2-methylbutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase) needed to convert the amino acid isoleucine into energy. 2-methylbutyrylglycine levels build up in the body and may cause damage. Symptoms vary according to the degree of enzyme deficiency - can range from asymptomatic to life-threatening.
• $22q11.2 deletion syndrome$: A rare genetic disorder caused by the absence of a small portion of genetic material. A small section of chromosome 22 is missing at a location called q11.2. Chromosome 22 is one of 23 pairs of chromosomes that exist in humans.
• $2p21 deletion syndrome$: This syndrome is a more severe form hypotonia-cystinuria syndrome as a larger portion of genetic material from chromosome 2p21 is deleted. It is characterized by infant seizures, reduced muscle tone, developmental delay, lactic acidosis and unusual facial appearance.
• $2q deletion$: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• $3 alpha methylglutaconicaciduria, type 3$: A rare genetic condition where a gene mutation prevents the production of certain protein which leads to a build-up of an acid (3-methylglutaconic acid) which can have a negative impact on the body. The condition is characterized mainly by damage to the optic nerve.
• $3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type V$: A rare genetic disorder where the body's cells are unable to make sufficient energy resulting in an accumulation in the body of 3-methylglutaconic acid.
• $3C syndrome$: A rare disorder characterized by cardiac malformations, cerebellar hypoplasia and cranial dysmorphism which gives the disease it's name.
• $3q deletion$: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 3 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• $4-Alpha-hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase deficiency$: A very rare metabolic disorder where a deficiency of a particular enzyme results in the urinary excretion of a chemical called hawkinsin. Symptoms start once the infant is weaned off breast milk.
• $4-hydroxyphenylacetic aciduria$: A urinary abnormality usually caused by the deficiency of a particular enzyme (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid oxidase). The urine contains excess 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid.
• $46,XX chromosome 7 deletion p13$: A chromosomal disorder where a small portion of chromosome 7 is deleted which results in a range of abnormalities.
• $47 XYY syndrome$: A genetic condition where males have an extra Y chromosome in each of their cells. Normally male cells have one X and one Y chromosome. This is not usually an inherited condition but a defect that occurs during cell division. Often the condition is asymptomatic.
• $47,XXX syndrome$: A genetic condition where females have an extra X chromosome in each of their cells. Normally female cells have two X chromosomes. This is not usually an inherited condition but a defect that occurs during cell division. Often the condition is asymptomatic.
• $49,XXXXX syndrome$: A rare chromosomal disorder that affects only females and involves body cells having five copies of the X chromosome instead of the normal two.
• $49,XXXXY syndrome$: A rare sex chromosome abnormality where there are three extra copies of the X chromosome.
• $6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase deficiency$: A rare genetic disorder where insufficient levels of tetrahydropterin leads to a build up of phenylalanine in the blood which can cause toxic side effects such as nerve damage or even brain damage. The condition does not usually cause any significant symptoms.
• ACTH Deficiency: A rare endocrine disorder involving a lack of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) and low levels of cortisol and steroid hormones.
• ADD: Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is a mental and behavioral disorder characterized by behavioral problems such as hyperactivity, inattention, concentration difficulty, and other mental symptoms. The related description Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may be a more modern description of the disease.

  Misdiagnosis of ADD is a well-known controversy in the sense that cases of hyperactivity in children may be over-diagnosed. There is a tendency for parents to seek and doctors to prescribe the drug Ritalin even in cases where the diagnosis of ADD or ADHD may be incorrect. Alternative diagnoses include normal child behavior (i.e. just an active child), food intolerances, or other behavioral disorders (see misdiagnosis of ADD).

  On the other hand, ADD is under-diagnosed in adults, with a large number of adults having ADD without knowing it; see misdiagnosis of Adult ADD.

• ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a mental and behavioral disorder characterized by behavioral problems such as hyperactivity, inattention, concentration difficulty, and other mental symptoms. Typically, ADHD and associated hyperactivity is known as a childhood disorder, although ADD/ADHD in adults is known to be under-diagnosed. It is distinguished from Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) which has a reduced focus on hyperactivity type symptoms.
• AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections: A term given to HIV patients who have a low CD4 count (below 200) which means that they have low levels of a type of immune cell called T-cells. AIDS patients tend to develop opportunistic infections and cancers. Opportunistic infections are infections that would not normally affect a person with a healthy immune system. The HIV virus is a virus that attacks the body's immune system.
• ATR-X syndrome: A rare X-linked disorder that affects males and is characterized by mental retardation and alpha thalassemia.
• ATR16: A rare disorder characterized by alpha thalassemia and mental retardation.
• Aarskog Syndrome: A rare genetic condition characterized by facial, hand, genital and growth abnormalities.
• Abdominal Aneurysm: Dilatation of a section of the abdominal aorta, usually due to a weakness in the wall of the artery
• Abnormal thinking:
• Abscess: This is an area of puss collected in a cavity which is constituted by necrotised tissue
• Absence of septum pellucidum and septo-optic dysplasia: A rare birth defect where a thin membrane in the middle of the brain is missing. This brain abnormality is never present on it's own but is a characteristic of septo-optic dysplasia where the patient also has optic disk abnormalities and pituitary deficiencies.
• Absence of septum pellucidum with porencephalia syndrome: A rare syndrome present at birth and characterized by the absence of the thin membrane in the middle of the brain (septum pellucidum) as well as abnormal cavities in the brain (porencephaly). The syndrome also involves other structural brain abnormalities.
• Absent corpus callosum - cataract - immunodeficiency: A rare syndrome characterized by immunodeficiency, cleft lip or palate, cataract, reduced pigmentation and brain abnormalities.
• Absent patellae - scrotal hypoplasia - renal anomalies - facial dysmorphism - mental retardation: A rare syndrome characterized by absent kneecaps, underdeveloped scrotum, kidney anomalies, unusual facial appearance and mental retardation.
• Absenteeism: Loss of days or absence from school or work as a symptom
• Abuse dwarfism syndrome: Retarded growth, intelligence and social behavior due to child abuse. The child abuse can take the form of mental or physical cruelty or neglect.
• Acalculia: An inability of being able to perform basic mathematical calculations
• Acanthamoeba infection: Infection with a microscopic, free-living ameba that is readily found in the environment - soil, air and water. Most people exposed to the ameba will not become infected but when infections do occur, they tend to affect the eyes, central nervous system or can cause widespread infection throughout the body.
• Acanthamoeba infection of the central nervous system: Infection by an amoebic organism called Acanthamoeba. Infection usually occurs when the amoeba enters through a break in the skin or through the nose. Infection can be localized or systemic where it can involve the central nervous system and cause potentially fatal meningoencephalitis. Infection of the eye can occur by cleaning contact lenses in contaminated water.
• Acanthocytosis: A rare disorder where most of the red blood cells are abnormal with spiny projections due to lipid abnormalities. The blood abnormality is seen in conditions such as abetalipoproteinemia, severe liver disease and severe malnutrition. Symptoms and prognosis depend on the underlying disorder.
• Acarophobia: Unfounded fear of tiny parasites or the false belief that they have infested the skin.
• Accelerated hypertension: Accelerated hypertension is a condition characterized by a rapid increase in blood pressure. The condition is a medical emergency which can cause organ damage if not treated promptly.
• Accutane - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that the use of Accutane during pregnancy may cause a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Aceruloplasminemia: A rare genetic disorder characterized by a lack of the protein ceruloplasmin in the blood resulting in a buildup of iron in the liver, brain and pancreas. This in turn causes diabetes and degeneration of the neural system causing tremors and walking abnormalities.
• Achluophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of the night or darkness.
• Achondroplasia: A rare disease characterized by abnormal bone growth which results in short stature with short arms and legs, large head and characteristic facial features.
• Achrestic anemia: Achrestic anemia is a form of anemia similar to that caused by Vitamin B12 deficiency but it doesn't respond to treatment with Vitamin B12. The condition tends to progress slowly and can result in death if not treated. There are a variety of possible causes.
• Achromatopsia: Patients who have achromatopsia (sometimes called achromatopia) do not have normal "cone vision.". Although the term may refer to acquired disorders such as color agnosia and cerebral achromatopsia, it typically refers to an autosomal recessive congenital color vision disorder, the inability to perceive color AND to achieve satisfactory visual acuity at high light levels (typically exterior daylight).
• Acid-Base Imbalance: A disruption to the normal acid-base equilibrium in the body. There are four main groups of disorder involving an acid-base imbalance: respiratory acidosis or alkalosis and metabolic acidosis or alkalosis. Obviously the severity of symptoms is determined by the degree of imbalance.
• Acidemia, methylmalonic: An inborn error of metabolism where amino acids in the body aren't metabolized properly resulting in high levels of the acid throughout the body.
• Acidemia, propionic: An inherited genetic disorder where the body is incapable of processing some proteins and fats resulting in the accumulation of certain substances in the body which causes the symptoms of the condition. The condition can be life threatening.
• Acne: Pimples and blackheads on the skin
• Acousticophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of noise.
• Acrocallosal Syndrome (Schinzel Type): A rare condition characterized by absence of portion of the brain (corpus callosum), mental deficiency, duplicated toes, mental deficiency and other abnormalities.
• Acrocephalopolydactyly II: A rare genetic disorder characterized by head, hand and genital anomalies as well as mental retardation.
• Acrocephalopolysyndactyly, type 2 (ACPS 2): A rare genetic disorder characterized by premature closing of skull bones, craniofacial abnormalities, heart defects, growth retardation and other disorders.
• Acrocephalosyndactyly type 3 (ACPS 3): A rare genetic disorder characterized by premature joining of certain skull bones during development which has an impact on the shape of the head and face. Features include brachycephaly, ear deformities as well as craniofacial, finger and bone abnormalities.
• Acrocephaly - pulmonary stenosis - mental retardation: A rare syndrome characterized by a pointy skull, narrowed pulmonary valve and mental retardation.
• Acrodysostosis: A rare genetic disorder characterized by short hands, small nose, mental deficiency and hand and foot deformities.
• Acrofacial dysostosis Catania form: One of a group of disorders characterized by defective limb and facial development. The Catania form is very rare.
• Acrofrontofacionasal dysostosis syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by abnormalities of the bones of the skeleton as well as mental retardation. Various facial, eye and urogenital anomalies are also present.
• Acromesomelic dysplasia Hunter Thompson type: A rare genetic syndrome characterized by various severe developmental abnormalities of the skeletal bones.
• Acropectorovertebral dysplasia: A rare inherited genetic disorder characterized by abnormalities involving the fingers, toes, palate and chest bones.
• Acrosphenosyndactylia: A rare condition characterized by abnormalities in the appearance of the face and head as well as finger and toe abnormalities. The bones of the skull fuse together too early which prevents it from growing normally. Various toes and fingers may be fused together.
• Actinomycetales infection: A bacterial infection from the order of Actinobacteria. The range of symptoms is variable depending on which bacteria from the order is involved.
• Acute Bokhoror: A brain disease caused by an unknown pathogen which is probably from the Picornavirus family of viruses. Mode of transmission is uncertain but genetic susceptibility may be involved. The incubation period appears to be an average of 15 years. The disease can be classified according to rate of progression: acute or subacute, slowly progressive and chronic. Death is common in the acute phase of the infection which can last from four days to four months.
• Acute Chemical poisoning - Varnish makers' and painters' Naptha: Varnish makers' and painters' Naptha is an ingredient used in certain pesticides. Exposure to the chemical can cause a range of symptoms depending on the level and route of exposure. Exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion, the skin or eyes. Acute exposure involves a exposure over a short period of time whereas chronic exposure occurs over a longer period of time.
• Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: A type of encephalitis that usually follows an acute viral infection and involves an immune attack on myelin tissue which is part of the nervous system. Initial symptoms include fever, headache, vomiting and drowsiness followed by seizures, coma and paralysis. Often results in permanent neurological disorders.
• Acute Pesticide poisoning - Triforine: Triforine is an ingredient used in certain herbicides. Exposure to the chemical can cause a range of symptoms depending on the level and route of exposure. Exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion, the skin or eyes. Acute exposure involves a exposure over a short period of time whereas chronic exposure occurs over a longer period of time.
• Acute Pesticide poisoning - xylene: Xylene is an ingredient used in certain insecticides. Exposure to the chemical can cause a range of symptoms depending on the level and route of exposure. Exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion, the skin or eyes. Acute exposure involves a exposure over a short period of time whereas chronic exposure occurs over a longer period of time.
• Acute VE: A brain disease caused by an unknown pathogen which is probably from the Picornavirus family of viruses. Mode of transmission is uncertain but genetic susceptibility may be involved. The incubation period appears to be an average of 15 years. The disease can be classified according to rate of progression: acute or subacute, slowly progressive and chronic. Death is common in the acute phase of the infection which can last from four days to four months.
• Acute Viliuisk Encephalitis: A brain disease caused by an unknown pathogen which is probably from the Picornavirus family of viruses. Mode of transmission is uncertain but genetic susceptibility may be involved. The incubation period appears to be an average of 15 years. The disease can be classified according to rate of progression: acute or subacute, slowly progressive and chronic. Death is common in the acute phase of the infection which can last from four days to four months.
• Acute Viliuisk Encephalomyelitis: A brain disease caused by an unknown pathogen which is probably from the Picornavirus family of viruses. Mode of transmission is uncertain but genetic susceptibility may be involved. The incubation period appears to be an average of 15 years. The disease can be classified according to rate of progression: acute or subacute, slowly progressive and chronic. Death is common in the acute phase of the infection which can last from four days to four months.
• Acute Vilyuisk Encephalitis: A brain disease caused by an unknown pathogen which is probably from the Picornavirus family of viruses. Mode of transmission is uncertain but genetic susceptibility may be involved. The incubation period appears to be an average of 15 years. The disease can be classified according to rate of progression: acute or subacute, slowly progressive and chronic. Death is common in the acute phase of the infection which can last from four days to four months.
• Acute Vilyuisk Encephalomyelitis: A brain disease caused by an unknown pathogen which is probably from the Picornavirus family of viruses. Mode of transmission is uncertain but genetic susceptibility may be involved. The incubation period appears to be an average of 15 years. The disease can be classified according to rate of progression: acute or subacute, slowly progressive and chronic. Death is common in the acute phase of the infection which can last from four days to four months.
• Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: A rare complication of pregnancy that can occur in the second half of the pregnancy. It is characterized by excessive fatty deposits in the liver which can be fatal without prompt diagnosis and treatment which involves delivering the baby as soon as possible.
• Acute headache: Headache, or cephalgia, is defined as diffuse pain in various parts of the head, with the pain not confined to the area of distribution of a nerve.
• Acute insomnia: Insomnia which lasts for one night to a few weeks.
• Acute intermittent porphyria: A rare inherited metabolic disorder caused by a disturbed porphyrin metabolism resulting in increased production of porphyrin or its precursors. Symptoms include abdominal pain, photosensitivity and neurological disturbances such as seizures, coma, hallucinations and respiratory paralysis.
• Acute leukaemia of ambiguous lineage: A term used to describe a type of leukemia (a blood cancer) where the leukemic cells cannot be determined as myeloid or lymphoid or where both types of cells are present.
• Acute megacaryoblastic leukemia: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. More specifically, it involves the rapid proliferation of megakaryoblasts (premature form of megakaryocytes).
• Acute meningitis: Acute meningitis is a form of meningitis caused by bacteria that normally lives in the mouth and throat. When the immune system is unable to supress this bacteria, it travels to the cerebrospinal spinal fluid in the brain. From there it affects the membranes surrounding the brain.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 1: A form of blood cancer resulting in the rapid proliferation of immature blood cells (blast cells).
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 2: A form of blood cancer resulting in the rapid proliferation of granulocytes and monocytes.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 3: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the rapid proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. Type 3 involves the proliferation of promyelocytes.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 4: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the rapid proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. Type 4 involves the rapid proliferation of myelocytes and monocytes.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 5: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. Type 5 involves the rapid proliferation of monoblasts (immature precursors of monocytes) in particular.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 6: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the rapid proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. Type 6 involves the proliferation of the immature precursors of red blood cells called erythroblasts.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 7: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. Type 7 involves the rapid proliferation of megakaryoblasts (premature form of megakaryocytes) in particular.
• Acute myelocytic leukemia: A malignant cancer of blood-forming tissues resulting in a high number of immature leukocytes. Symptoms include soft bleeding gums, anemia, fatigue, fever, dyspnea, moderate splenomegaly, joint and bone pains and frequent infections. Also called acute granulocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, myeloid leukemia, splenomedullary leukemia, splenomyelogenous leukemia.
• Acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes related to alkylating agent: The use of alkylating agents to treat cancer can result in leukemia in some patients.
• Acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes related to topoisomerase type II inhibitor: The use of topoisomerase type II inhibitors to treat cancer can result in leukemia in some patients.
• Acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, therapy related: Certain cancer therapies can result in the development of leukemia in some patients. These therapies includes topoisomerase type II inhibitors and alkylating agents.
• Acute myeloid leukemia: A form of rapidly progressing blood cancer resulting in the rapid proliferation of granulocytes and monocytes, red blood cells and platelets.
• Acute myeloid leukemia, adult: A form of blood cancer resulting in the rapid proliferation of granulocytes and monocytes, red blood cells and platelets.
• Acute stress disorder: An acute anxiety state
• Acute vitamin A toxicity: Acute ingestion of vitamin A can cause symptoms. Symptoms usually only last for a day or two.
• Addiction symptoms: Symptoms related to addiction (physical or mental addiction)
• Adducted thumb syndrome recessive form: A rare recessively inherited disorder characterized mainly by a small head, arthrogryposis (joint contractures), cleft palate and various other abnormalities.
• Adducted thumbs - arthrogryposis, Christian type: A rare recessively inherited disorder characterized mainly by a small head, arthrogryposis (joint contractures), cleft palate and various other abnormalities.
• Adducted thumbs Dundar type: A rare disorder characterized by a thumb abnormality as well as mental retardation, foot defects and other anomalies.
• Adenophorea Infections: A parasitic roundworm infection. Roundworms can be found in water and soil environments as well as on plants and in animals.
• Adenosine triphosphatase deficiency, anaemia due to: Deficiency of a chemical (adenosine triphosphate) resulting in anemia.
• Adhesive abuse: Adhesive abuse is the use of various inhalants for the purpose of achieving a "high". They are often used as a cheap, readily available alternative to street drugs but they can cause serious damage to the body. Adhesives include household glues, rubber cement and model aeroplane glue. These adhesives can be abused by sniffing them, spraying directly into the mouth, heating them and then inhaling them or injecting them directly into the body.
• Adhesive addiction: Adhesive addiction refers to the compulsive need to abuse adhesives (e.g. sniffing them). Sufferers have withdrawal symptoms when attempting to stop the habit and feel unable to stop the habit despite knowing the harm it is causing their health. Aerosols are very damaging to the body and can readily result permanent brain damage and even death. Death can occur through chronic use and in rare cases can occur after one session of use. Children and teenagers are particular at risk for this type of addiction - it is readily available and users feel it gains them greater acceptance from their peers. Adhesives includes household glue, rubber cement and model airplane glue.
• Adjustment Disorder: This is a maladaptive reaction to identifiable stress
• Adolescent depression: It isnot unusual for young people to experience "the blues" or feel low occasionally. Adolescence is always an unsettling time, with the many physical, emotional, psychological and social changes that accompany this stage of life.
• Adrenal Cancer: A malignant cancer that develops in the adrenal gland. The tumor may be nonfunctioning (does not produce hormones) or functioning in which case excessive levels of hormones can cause a variety of symptoms depending on which hormone is involved. Adrenal hormones made in the cortex (outer part of the gland) are aldosterone, corticosteroids and androgenic steroids. Adrenalin and noradrenalin are the hormones made in the medulla (central part of the adrenal gland).
• Adrenal Cortex Diseases: Diseases of the adrenal cortex. Examples includes Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome and adrenal fatigue.
• Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms: A tumor that develops in the adrenal gland. The tumor may be nonfunctioning (does not produce hormones) or functioning in which case excessive levels of hormones can cause a variety of symptoms depending on which hormone is involved. Adrenal hormones made in the cortex (outer part of the gland) are aldosterone, corticosteroids and androgenic steroids.
• Adrenal adenoma: collection of growths (-oma) of glandular origin.
• Adrenal adenoma, familial: A benign tumor that develops in the adrenal gland and tends to run in families. The tumor may be nonfunctioning (does not produce hormones) or functioning in which case excessive levels of hormones can cause a variety of symptoms depending on which hormone is involved. Adrenal hormones made in the cortex (outer part of the gland) are aldosterone, corticosteroids and androgenic steroids . Adrenalin and noradrenalin are the hormones made in the medulla (central part of the adrenal gland).
• Adrenal gland hyperfunction: Excessive activity of the adrenal gland which causes excessive production of one or more adrenal hormones (aldosterone, corticosteroids, androgenic steroids, epinephrine and norepinephrine). The increased adrenal gland activity may be caused by an adrenal gland tumor or by excessive stimulation of the gland. Pituitary hormones stimulate adrenal gland activity.
• Adrenal gland hypofunction: Reduced adrenal gland activity due to damage to the adrenal gland or lack of stimulation of the gland. Pituitary hormones stimulate adrenal gland activity.
• Adrenal gland symptoms: Symptoms affecting the adrenal glands
• Adrenal hyperplasia: A group of disorder that occur when there is a problem in the process of making adrenal corticosteroids.
• Adrenal hypertension: Adrenal hypertension is high blood pressure caused by adrenal gland problems. For example, an adrenal tumor can cause excessive production of aldosterone which in turn causes salt-retention and high blood pressure. Severity of symptoms varies depending on the underlying cause.
• Adrenal incidentaloma: A tumor of the adrenal gland that is discovered incidentally while performing an imaging examination for reasons other than an adrenal tumor. The tumor may be asymptomatic or can causes excessive secretion of adrenal hormones and resulting symptoms. The tumor may also be malignant or benign.
• Adrenocortical carcinoma: A condition which is characterized by malignancy which affects the adrenocortex.
• Adrenoleukodystrophy: A rare hereditary metabolic disease that only occurs in male children and is characterized by adrenal atrophy and extensive cerebral demyelination causing progressive loss of mental functioning, aphasia, apraxia and sometimes blindness. The patient usually dies within 5 years.
• Adrenoleukodystrophy, autosomal, neonatal form: A rare inherited disorder involving the adrenal glands, testes and certain parts of the brain (white matter). It is a less severe form of leukodystrophy where an abnormality within the body cells prevents the metabolism of certain fats (long chain fatty acids).
• Adrenomyeloneuropathy: A form of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy characterized by spinal cord dysfunction and brain involvement may or may not be present. Those with brain involvement suffer serious symptoms that can eventually lead to total disability and even death.
• Adult ADD: Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is a mental disorder with symptoms such as hyperactivity, inattention, poor concentration, and other similar symptoms. The disorder is called "ADHD" in modern times; see more details about Adult ADHD.

  ADD can be undiagnosed into adulthood and the adult will have varying levels of dysfunction in their work, home and social lives. Affected adults have issues with as difficulting focusing on work tasks, boredom, distractedness, and so on. See symptoms of Adult ADHD.

• Adult ADHD: Adult ADHD, (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) is a common neurobehavioral developmental disorder with an onset in childhood that continues into adulthood. Children do not simply grow out of ADHD, as is often believed. Just the opposite is commonly true - the symptoms of ADHD often get worse as a child grows into adulthood. The predominant behaviors of adult ADHD are the same as in children and include:
  • Inattentiveness
  • Hyperactivity
  • Impulsivity

  These behaviors result in difficulties with:

  • Concentration
  • Remaining focused on a task or activity
  • Controlling behavior
  • Hyperactivity or over-activity

  The symptoms of adult ADHD can be treated, but there currently is no cure for the disorder. Most people with ADHD can be successfully treated and lead normal, productive lives at home, work, school and with friends and family. The cause or causes of ADHD are not yet known, although researchers believe that genes may be one factor in the development of the disease. It is most likely that the disorder is the result of a combination of elements, including environmental factors, traumatic head injuries, nutrition, and social influences.

• Adult Panic-Anxiety Syndrome: A psychiatric disorder involving anxiety and panic attacks that occur for no obvious reason.
• Adverse reaction to chemical - 1-Propanol: 1-Propanol is a chemical used in various antiseptics, polishes, cleaners, cosmetics and lacquer. Some people can suffer an adverse reaction to the chemical which mainly involves irritation to the part of the body exposed to the chemical - eyes, skin and gastrointestinal. The severity of symptoms varies amongst patients.
• Aelurophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of cats.
• Aerophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of fresh air, breezes and flying.
• Aerosol abuse: Aerosol abuse is the use of various inhalants for the purpose of achieving a "high". They are often used as a cheap, readily available alternative to street drugs but they can cause serious damage to the body. Aerosols include air fresheners, hair spray, spray pain and deodorants. These aerosols can be abused by sniffing them, spraying directly into the mouth, heating them and then inhaling them or injecting them directly into the body.
• Aerosol addiction: Aerosol addiction refers to the compulsive need to abuse aerosol (e.g. sniffing them). Sufferers have withdrawal symptoms when attempting to stop the habit and feel unable to stop the habit despite knowing the harm it is causing their health. Aerosols are very damaging to the body and can readily result permanent brain damage and even death. Death can occur through chronic use and in rare cases can occur after one session of use. Children and teenagers are particular at risk for this type of addiction - it is readily available and users feel it gains them greater acceptance from their peers. Aerosols includes spray pain, air freshener, deodorants and hair sprays.
• Affective Disorders, Psychotic: A mental disorder involving mood disturbance and psychotic symptoms.
• African Sleeping sickness: A disease caused by parasites (Trypanosome brucei gamiense or T. brucei rodesiense) and transmitted to humans by the tsetse fly which is found only in Africa. Causes symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, anemia, edema of hands and feet, enlarged lymph glands, lethargy, sleepiness, convulsions and coma. Also called African trypanosomiasis and sleeping sickness.
• Agenesis of the corpus callosum: Congenital absence of connective part of the brain.
• Agenesis of the corpus callosum - mental retardation - coloboma - micrognathia: A rare inherited disorder characterized by mental retardation, coloboma, small jaw and a brain anomaly.
• Aggression: Overly aggressive behavior.
• Aging: The medical conditions from getting older.
• Aging brain syndrome: Aging processes in the brain can cause various psychological and neurological symptoms.
• Agitation: A state of increased tension with episodes of emotional and physical irritability.
• Agnosia: is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss
• Agoraphobia: This is an irrational fear of being in public that sometimes is associated with panic attacks
• Aguecheek disease: Patients with liver disease who develop symptoms of dementia after eating lots of protein (meat has a high protein level) due to an intolerance to the nitrogenous compounds in the protein.
• Agyria pachygyria polymicrogyria: A very rare disorder characterized by abnormal brain development.
• Agyria-pachygyria type 1: Abnormal brain development where the brain fails to develop normally during the fetal stage.
• Agyrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of crossing roads. It includes a fear of being attacked on the street or being unable to defend oneself while crossing the road.
• Aicardi syndrome: A rare genetic disorder where the structure connecting the two halves of the brain fails to develop which results in seizures and eye abnormalities .
• Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome: A rare inherited progressive disease that affects the brain and immune system.
• Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 1: A rare inherited progressive disease that affects the brain and immune system. Type 1 is caused by a defect on chromosome 3p21.3-p21.2.
• Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 2: A rare inherited progressive disease that affects the brain and immune system. Type 2 is caused by a defect on chromosome 13q14-q21.
• Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 3: A rare inherited progressive disease that affects the brain and immune system. Type 3 is caused by a defect on chromosome 11q13.2.
• Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 4: A rare inherited progressive disease that affects the brain and immune system. Type 4 is caused by a defect on chromosome 19p13.13.
• Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 5: A rare inherited progressive disease that affects the brain and immune system. Type 5 is caused by a defect on chromosome 3p21.3-p21.2.
• Aichmophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of pointy objects or needles.
• Airway obstruction: airway obstruction is a blockage of the upper airway, which can be in the trachea, laryngeal (voice box), or pharyngeal (throat) areas or involve the bronch.
• Akathisia: A condition characterized by a constant urge to move resulting in the sufferer being unable to sit still. Can be caused by use of anti-psychotic drugs or anti-depressants or can occur spontaneously.
• Akesson syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by excessive skin folds and furrows on the scalp, mental retardation the failure of the thyroid to develop.
• Al Gazali Aziz Salem syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by heart disease, short stature and a webbed neck.
• Al Gazali Sabrinathan Nair syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by bone and eye problems, seizures and mental retardation.
• Al Murrah-induced lead poisoning: Al Murrah is a folk remedy used mainly by Saudi Arabian people to treat problems such as stomach pain, diarrhea and colic. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Alagille syndrome: A genetic disorder affecting the liver and characterized by the absence of some or all of the liver bile ducts that transport bile within the liver.
• Alarcon-induced lead poisoning: Alarcon is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Albayaidle-induced lead poisoning: Albayaidle is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican and Central American people to treat digestive or stomach problems such as vomiting and colic. It is also used to treat apathy and lethargy. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Albayalde-induced lead poisoning: Albayalde is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican and Central American people to treat digestive or stomach problems such as vomiting and colic. It is also used to treat apathy and lethargy. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Albers-Schonberg disease - malignant recessive form: A rare disorder characterized primarily by increased bone density as old bone is not resorbed and replaced with new bone - is also known as marble bone disease. The malignant infantile form is the most severe form of this disorder and death usually occurs in the first decade of life.
• Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy: A rare genetic disorder where the body fails to recognize and respond to the parathyroid hormone. The parathyroid hormone is involved in controlling the blood levels of calcium and phosphate.
• Alcohol Withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when alcohol consumption is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Alcohol abuse: Excessive alcohol as a symptom of other conditions
• Alcohol drinking: The consumption of a drink containing alcohol. Alcohol consumption can cause varying degrees of impairment depending on the amount consumed. Consuming very large amounts of alcohol can lead to death.
• Alcohol intoxication: excess intake of alcohol can lead to serious consequences
• Alcohol use: Use of alcohol (as a symptom)
• Alcohol-Induced Disorders: Disorders caused by excessive alcohol consumption. The symptoms are variable depending on the disorder involved. Some of the disorders are: alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, alcohol intoxication, alcohol withdrawal, alcohol intoxication delirium, alcohol withdrawal delirium, alcohol-induced persisting dementia, alcohol-induced persisting amnestic disorder, alcohol-induced psychotic disorder, alcohol-induced mood disorder, alcohol-induced anxiety disorder, alcohol-induced sexual dysfunction, alcohol-induced sleep disorder, liver damage, liver cancer and esophageal cancer.
• Alcohol-induced hypertension: Alcohol-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by excessive drinking of alcohol.
• Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing syndrome: The excessive consumption of alcohol can result in symptoms similar to a condition called Cushing's syndrome. When alcohol consumption is stopped, symptoms regress.
• Alcoholic Neuropathy: Neurological changes due to nerve damage from long-term alcohol consumption
• Alcoholic intoxication: The excessive consumption of alcohol can have toxic effects on the body and can ultimately result in death in severe cases.
• Aldred syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by the presence of mental retardation and retinitis pigmentosa the starts earlier than normal. Female carriers tend to have only vision symptoms without mental retardation.
• Alektorophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of chickens.
• Alexander Syndrome: Brain myelin disorder causing mental degeneration.
• Algophobia: An anxiety disorder where the sufferer is fearful of experiencing pain or seeing others experiencing it.
• Alkalosis: A condition that iscaused by the accumulation of base in the body.
• Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome: A very rare inherited disorder characterized primarilty by mental retardation.
• Allergic asthma: A form of asthma caused by inhalation of airborne allergenic substance.
• Allergic encephalomyelitis: An autoimmune brain and spinal cord disease that can be induced in laboratory animals in experimental settings. The disease involves inflammation and degeneration of nerve myelin sheaths and it may be acute or chronic.
• Allergic irritability syndrome: Symptoms such as irritability and poor concentration associated with nose, ear and sinus symptoms caused by allergies such as hayfever.
• Allergic tension-fatigue syndrome: Variable symptoms caused by food allergy.
• Alopecia mental retardation hypogonadism: A rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation, abnormal gonad functioning and a total lack of hair at birth. After childhood, sparse hair growth may occur.
• Alopecia mental retardation syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized primarily by a lack of hair and mental retardation.
• Alopecia, epilepsy, oligophrenia syndrome of Moynahan: A rare condition characterized by alopecia, epilepsy, mental retardation and a small head.
• Alopecia, epilepsy, pyorrhea, mental subnormality: A rare syndrome characterized by alopecia, epilepsy, mental retardation and pus-producing gum and tooth inflammations.
• Alopecia, mental retardation and neurological problems: A rare, newly described syndrome characterized by baldness, mental retardation and neurological problems.
• Alopecia-contractures-dwarfism-mental retardation: A rare syndrome characterized primarily by mental retardation, short stature, lack of hair and contractures.
• Alpers Syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by liver disease, seizures and progressive, episodic psychomotor retardation.
• Alpha thalassemia: Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by abnormal synthesis of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin consists of two main protein chains called ? and ?. Alpha thalassemia involves defects in one or more of the four genes required to make each ? protein chain. The main symptom is anemia, the severity of which can vary amongst patients depending on how many defective genes are involved.
• Alpha thalassemia - Hemoglobin H disease: Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by abnormal synthesis of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin consists of two main protein chains called ? and ?. Hemoglobin H disease involves defects in three of the four genes required to make each ? protein chain. The main symptom is moderate to severe anemia.
• Alpha thalassemia major: Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by abnormal synthesis of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin consists of two main protein chains called ? and ?. Alpha thalassemia major is very rare involves defects in all of the four genes required to make each ? protein chain. The condition leads to infant death before or soon after birth.
• Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency: A metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency of Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase which results in high levels of oxoglutaric acid in the urine as well as other severe symptoms.
• Alpha-mannosidosis type II: A rare inherited metabolic disorder involving a deficiency of an enzyme (alpha-mannosidosase) which results in the accumulation of certain chemicals in the body which leads to progressive damage. This form of the condition is less severe than type I (infantile form).
• Alpine syndrome: A condition that occurs in some people who go to low altitude winter resorts (1500 metres). It tends to mostly affect people who have been fasting when they arrive.
• Alport Syndrome: A rare hereditary disorder involving the progressive deterioration of parts of the kidney resulting in chronic kidney disease.
• Alport syndrome - mental retardation - midface hypoplasia - elliptocytosis: A rare syndrome characterized by the association of Alport syndrome, mental retardation, underdeveloped midface and a blood abnormality (elliptocytosis). Alport syndrome is an inherited condition involving progressive kidney damage and hearing loss.
• Altered mental state: A change in the normal mental state of a person.
• Altered mental status: linked to confusion, delirium, obtundation, stupor, and coma
• Alternating Hemiplegia: Episodes of one-sided paralysis.
• Aluminium poisoning: A type of heavy metal poisoning caused by excessive exposure to aluminium.
• Aluminium toxicity: High body levels of aluminium resulting in symptoms. Usually occurs in patients with renal impairment.
• Alzheimer disease 10: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 10 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 10p13.
• Alzheimer disease 12: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 12 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 8p12-q22.
• Alzheimer disease 13: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 1q21. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 14: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 1q25. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 15: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 3q22-q24. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 16: Alzheimer disease 16 (late-onset) is a form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome Xq21.3. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 2, late-onset: Alzheimer disease 2 (late-onset) is a form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 19q13.2. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 3, (early-onset Alzheimer disease): Alzheimer disease 3 is an early-onset form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 14q24.3. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 5: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 5 has a late onset and is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 12p11.
• Alzheimer disease 6: A genetic form of Alzheimer's. Type 6 has a late onset and is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 10q24.
• Alzheimer disease 7: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 7 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 10p13.
• Alzheimer disease 8: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 8 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 20p.
• Alzheimer disease 9: A genetic form of Alzheimer's. Type 9 has a late onset and is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 19p13.2.
• Alzheimer disease type 1: A degenerative brain disease characterized primarily by progressive dementia. Type 1 has an early onset (starts before the age of 65). It is caused by mutations in the APP gene which results in the production of a toxic protein (amyloid beta peptide) in the brain which collects into clumps (amyloid plaques) in the brain. These plaques cause damage to nerve cells in the brain.
• Alzheimer disease type 2: A degenerative brain disease characterized primarily by progressive dementia. Type 2 has a late onset - starts after the age of 65. It is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic mutations and environmental and lifestyle factors. The condition occurs when there is excessive production of a toxic protein (amyloid beta peptide) in the brain which collects into clumps (amyloid plaques) in the brain. These plaques cause damage to nerve cells in the brain.
• Alzheimer disease type 4: A degenerative brain disease characterized primarily by progressive dementia. Type 4 has an early onset (starts before the age of 65). It is caused by mutations in the PSEN2 gene which results in the production of a toxic protein (amyloid beta peptide) in the brain which collects into clumps (amyloid plaques) in the brain. These plaques cause damage to nerve cells in the brain.
• Alzheimer disease, early-onset, with cerebral amyloid angiopathy: An early-onset form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 21q21. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial: A degenerative brain disease characterized primarily by progressive dementia. The familial form is very rare and is completely inherited and has an early onset (usually in the 4th decade). It occurs when there is excessive production of a toxic protein (amyloid beta peptide) in the brain which collects into clumps (amyloid plaques) in the brain. These plaques cause damage to nerve cells in the brain.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, 1: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 21q. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, 11: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 9p22.1. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, 3, with spastic paraparesis and apraxia: This form of Alzheimer's is an early-onset form of Alzheimer's that is linked to a defect on chromosome 14q24.3. It is characterized by features which are atypical for Alzheimer's - spastic paraparesis which occurs before the dementia symptoms and apraxia. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, 3, with spastic paraparesis and unusual plaques: This form of Alzheimer's is an early-onset form of Alzheimer's that is linked to a defect on chromosome 14q24.3. It is characterized by features which are atypical for Alzheimer's - spastic paraparesis which occurs before the dementia symptoms and unusual plaques in the brain. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, 4: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 1q31-q42. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, type 3: A degenerative brain disease characterized primarily by progressive dementia. Type 3 has an early onset (starts before the age of 65). It is caused by mutations in the PSEN1 gene which results in the production of a toxic protein (amyloid beta peptide) in the brain which collects into clumps (amyloid plaques) in the brain. These plaques cause damage to nerve cells in the brain.
• Alzheimer's disease: A progressive degenerative disease of the brain of unknown cause
• Alzheimer's disease without Neurofibrillary tangles: A form of Alzheimer's that involves only plaques and no neurofibrillary tangles. This form tends to have an older age of onset and death and a shorter disease duration.
• Alzheimer's-like symptoms: symptoms such as dementia
• Amathophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of dust.
• Amaxophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of riding in a vehicle or being in one.
• Ambien overdose: Ambien is a prescription drug mainly used to treat insomnia. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Ambien withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Ambien (Zolpidem) use is discontinued or reduced. Ambien is a sedative hypnotic drug. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Amelo-cerebro-hypohidrotic syndrome: A rare syndrome involving degeneration of the central nervous system, seizures and abnormal tooth development.
• Aminoacidopathies: Any of a group of inborn errors of metabolism which results in the build up in the body of one or more amino acids in the blood and/or urine. The range and severity of symptoms is hugely variable.
• Amish brittle hair syndrome: A rare inherited condition characterized by brittle hair, mental and physical impairment, decreased fertility and short stature.
• Amnesic shellfish poisoning: Rare shellfish poisoning sometimes causing amnesia.
• Amotivational syndrome: An impaired desire to engage in normal social activities and situations due to external factors such as relationships, substance or events.
• Amphetamine abuse: Use of the stimulant drugs known as amphetamines or "speed"
• Amphetamine withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when amphetamine use is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence. Amphetamines include dexamphetamine (speed), Ritalin and MDMA (ecstasy).
• Amphetamine-induced hypertension: Amphetamine-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by use of amphetamines. Patients with an existing history of hypertension may suffer further blood pressure increases while taking amphetamines and this can be serious. Severity of symptoms varies amongst patients depending on their susceptibility, underlying health and duration of amphetamine use.
• Ampola syndrome: A rare genetic disease characterized primarily by mental retardation, facial anomalies, short stature, seizures and finger and toe abnormalities.
• Amychophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of being scratched or clawed.
• Amyloid angiopathy: A blood vessel disorder caused by abnormal amyloid deposits in the blood vessel walls of the brain. The deposits can cause the blood vessel to become weak and rupture resulting in intracranial bleeding. Despite the potentially serious consequences the disorder is often asymptomatic until old age.
• Amyloidosis VI: Amyloidosis involves the abnormal deposit of a substance called amyloid in various parts of the body. In the Icelandic type, the amyloid deposits affect the brain blood vessels and cause hemorrhages.
• Amyloidosis VII: Amyloidosis involves the abnormal deposit of a substance called amyloid in various parts of the body. In the Ohio type, the amyloid deposits in the leptomeningeal blood vessels, brainstem, spinal cord and eye causing central nervous system dysfunction, brain hemorrhages as well as vision impairment.
• Amyloidosis of gingiva and conjunctiva mental retardation: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation and abnormal amyloid deposits in the gums and conjunctiva of the eye.
• Amyloidosis, oculoleptomeningeal: Amyloidosis involves the abnormal deposit of a substance called amyloid in various parts of the body. In this particular type, the amyloid deposits in the leptomeningeal blood vessels, brainstem, spinal cord and eye causing central nervous system dysfunction, brain hemorrhages and vision impairment.
• Anaemia, sideroblastic, X-linked - ataxia: A very rare inherited disorder characterized by mild anemia and early onset neurological motor symptoms. The neurological symptoms tend to be relatively stable or slowly progressive with only occasional dependence on crutches or wheelchairs.
• Anauxetic dysplasia: A rare disorder characterized by abnormal skeletal and spinal development.
• Andropause: A symptomatic decline in male androgens that may occur as men age.
• Androphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of men
• Anemia: Reduced red blood cells in the blood
• Anemia of pregnancy: Anemia of pregnancy is anemia that occurs during pregnancy. Women's bodies have a greater demand for iron during pregnancy and if intake is not sufficient, anemia can result. Anemia in pregnant women can lead to infant problems such as premature birth, fetal death, retarded growth and other problems.
• Anemia, Iron-Deficiency: A lack of fully functioning red blood cells due to a deficiency of iron. The iron allows the body to make hemoglobin in red blood cells which in turn allows the red blood cell to carry oxygen.
• Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts: A bone marrow disease which results in insufficient red blood cells in the blood (anemia). The prognosis is poor with death usually occurring within a couple of years. There are two types: type 1 refers to cases where the level of blasts is less than 10% and type 2 refers to cases where the level of blasts is 10-20%. When too many immature blood cells (blasts) are produced by the bone marrow, the condition may progress to acute myeloid leukemia - occurs in about a quarter of cases in type 1 and a third of cases in type 2.
• Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts, type 1: A bone marrow disease which results in insufficient red blood cells in the blood (anemia). The prognosis is poor with death usually occurring within a couple of years. Type 1 refers to cases where the level of blasts is less than 10% and type 2 refers to cases where the level of blasts is 10-20%. When too many immature blood cells (blasts) are produced by the bone marrow, the condition may progress to acute myeloid leukemia - occurs in about a quarter of cases in type 1.
• Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts, type 2: A bone marrow disease which results in insufficient red blood cells in the blood (anemia). The prognosis is poor with death usually occurring within a couple of years. Type 1 refers to cases where the level of blasts is less than 10% and type 2 refers to cases where the level of blasts is 10-20%. When too many immature blood cells (blasts) are produced by the bone marrow, the condition may progress to acute myeloid leukemia - occurs in about a third of cases in type 2.
• Anemia, hypochromic microcytic: A blood disorder where red blood cells are too small and lack sufficient iron. It can be inherited or caused by insufficient iron in the diet or from a genetic disorder.
• Anemic - hematuria syndrome: An epidemic disease in Argentina which has a prolonged recovery time but usually there are no complications. Symptoms vary between seasons so that affected patients suffer anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration in summer but suffer reduced urination, excess blood, albumin and renal casts in the urine. Other symptoms occur irrespective of the season.
• Aneurysm, intracranial berry: A bulge in a blood vessel in the brain. The bulge can rupture causing a stroke. They usually form as a result of high blood pressure and weak blood vessel walls in the brain. There are five different subtypes of intracranial berry aneurysms with each one caused by a defect in different gene. The defective gene increases and individuals risk for developing intracranial berry aneurysms.
• Aneurysm, intracranial berry, 1: A bulge in a blood vessel in the brain. The bulge can rupture causing a stroke. They usually form as a result of high blood pressure and weak blood vessel walls in the brain. There are five different subtypes of intracranial berry aneurysms with each one caused by a defect in different gene. The defective gene increases and individuals risk for developing intracranial berry aneurysms. Type 1 is caused by a defect on chromosome 7q11.2.
• Aneurysm, intracranial berry, 2: A bulge in a blood vessel in the brain. The bulge can rupture causing a stroke. They usually form as a result of high blood pressure and weak blood vessel walls in the brain. There are five different subtypes of intracranial berry aneurysms with each one caused by a defect in different gene. The defective gene increases and individuals risk for developing intracranial berry aneurysms. Type 2 is caused by a defect on chromosome 19q13.
• Aneurysm, intracranial berry, 3: A bulge in a blood vessel in the brain. The bulge can rupture causing a stroke. They usually form as a result of high blood pressure and weak blood vessel walls in the brain. There are five different subtypes of intracranial berry aneurysms with each one caused by a defect in different gene. The defective gene increases and individuals risk for developing intracranial berry aneurysms. Type 3 is caused by a defect on chromosome 1p36.13-p34.3.
• Aneurysm, intracranial berry, 4: A bulge in a blood vessel in the brain. The bulge can rupture causing a stroke. They usually form as a result of high blood pressure and weak blood vessel walls in the brain. There are five different subtypes of intracranial berry aneurysms with each one caused by a defect in different gene. The defective gene increases and individuals risk for developing intracranial berry aneurysms. Type 4 is caused by a defect on chromosome 5p15.2-14.3.
• Aneurysm, intracranial berry, 5: A bulge in a blood vessel in the brain. The bulge can rupture causing a stroke. They usually form as a result of high blood pressure and weak blood vessel walls in the brain. There are five different subtypes of intracranial berry aneurysms with each one caused by a defect in different gene. The defective gene increases and individuals risk for developing intracranial berry aneurysms. Type 5 is caused by a defect on chromosome 2p13.
• Aneurysm, intracranial berry, 6: A bulge in a blood vessel in the brain. The bulge can rupture causing a stroke. They usually form as a result of high blood pressure and weak blood vessel walls in the brain. There are now six different subtypes of intracranial berry aneurysms with each one caused by a defect in different gene. The defective gene increases an individuals risk for developing intracranial berry aneurysms. Type 6 is caused by a defect on chromosome 9p21.
• Aneurysm, intracranial berry, 7: A bulge in a blood vessel in the brain. The bulge can rupture causing a stroke. They usually form as a result of high blood pressure and weak blood vessel walls in the brain. There are five different subtypes of intracranial berry aneurysms with each one caused by a defect in different gene. The defective gene increases and individuals risk for developing intracranial berry aneurysms. Type 7 is caused by a defect on chromosome 11q24-q25.
• Aneurysm, intracranial berry, 8: A bulge in a blood vessel in the brain. The bulge can rupture causing a stroke. They usually form as a result of high blood pressure and weak blood vessel walls in the brain. There are five different subtypes of intracranial berry aneurysms with each one caused by a defect in different gene. The defective gene increases and individuals risk for developing intracranial berry aneurysms. Type 8 is caused by a defect on chromosome 14q23.
• Angelman syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by a puppet-like gait, fits of laughter and characteristic facial features.
• Angelman-Like Syndrome, X-linked: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, mutism, facial anomalies, epilepsy and weak eye muscles. Males tended to have severe mental retardation whereas female carriers had mild or no mental retardation. Patients do eventually walk but then often lose this ability by the age of 10 years. Female carriers tend to have mild symptoms and males have severe symptoms - symptoms are variable to some degree.
• Anger: A strong feeling of displeasure and aggrevation
• Angina pectoris: severe chest pain due to ischemia
• Anginophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of angina, choking or narrowness of the throat.
• Angiokeratoma - mental retardation - coarse face: A rare inherited genetic syndrome characterized by mental retardation, coarse facial features and capillary hemangiomas.
• Anglophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of England or the English.
• Aniridia - ptosis - mental retardation - obesity, familial: A rare familial disorder characterized by eye abnormalities, mental retardation and obesity.
• Aniridia - mental retardation syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation and absent irises.
• Aniridia - renal agenesis - psychomotor retardation: A rare genetic disorder characterized by missing irises of the eye, kidney developmental problems and mental retardation.
• Aniridia III: A genetic disorder where part or all of the iris of one or both eyes is missing. The iris is the colored part of the eye. There are four forms of the disease: AN-1, AN-II, AN-III and AN-IV. AN-III is associated with mental retardation.
• Aniridia cerebellar ataxia mental deficiency: A rare inherited disorder characterized by a partial absence of the iris, mental retardation and impaired coordination of voluntary movements.
• Aniridia ptosis mental retardation obesity familial type: A rare familial disorder characterized by eye abnormalities, mental retardation and obesity.
• Ankylophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of stiff or immobile joints.
• Anophthalmia - hand and foot defects - mental retardation: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, hand and foot defects and absent eyes.
• Anophthalmia - heart and pulmonary anomalies - intellectual deficit: A rare disorder characterized by absent eyes, heart and lung anomalies and mental retardation.
• Anophthalmia - hypothalamo-pituitary insufficiency: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by small or absent eyes and malformations of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
• Anophthalmia - hypyothalamo-pituitary insufficiency: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by small or absent eyes and malformations of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
• Anophthalmos with limb anomalies: A rare disorder characterized by absent eyes
• Anorexia Nervosa: A disorder where a distorted sense of body image leads to self-starvation to the point of death in some cases.
• Anorexia nervosa, genetic types: There is mounting evidence that anorexia nervosa may be caused by genetic factors which when combined with psychosocial factors can increase a persons risk of developing the condition.
• Anoxemia: Lack of oxygen in the blood.
• Anoxia: A condition marked by a lack of oxygen.
• Ansell-Bywaters-Elderking syndrome: A rare familial syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, rash, eye inflammation and joint disease.
• Anthophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of flowers.
• Anthropophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of people and groups of people.
• Anti-Social Personality Disorder: A psychiatric condition characterized by chronic behavioral and social problems which often involves criminal behaviour.
• Anticholinergic syndrome: Symptoms caused by overdose of anticholinergic drugs.
• Antlophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of floods.
• Anton-Vogt syndrome: A congenital disorder where a brain anomaly results in involuntary purposeless movements (choreathetosis). Excitement and activity can make symptoms worse.
• Anxiety: Excessive worry, anxiety, or fear.
• Anxiety attack: Sudden onset of extreme anxiety
• Anxiety disorder: A mental condition that is characterized by anxiety and avoidance behaviours
• Anxiety, separation: A term used when children become upset when they are separated from a parent or carer. The situation is most commonly witnessed when children are taken to day care. Other situations include when the child is left with a baby sitter or made to sleep on his/her own. It is a normal condition during childhood.
• Anxiety-tension syndrome: Anxiety associated with physical symptoms such as tense muscles and fatigue.
• Aorta-pulmonary artery fistula: An abnormal opening or connection between the aorta and the main pulmonary artery. It can occur through a traumatic penetrating injury or may be a complication of surgery. Severe cases can lead to heart failure.
• Aortic aneurysm, familial abdominal 1: A rare familial disorder where the abdominal aorta has a weak, bulging portion. The condition is asymptomatic but can result in death if it bursts. Type 1 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 19q13.
• Aortic aneurysm, familial abdominal 2: A rare familial disorder where the abdominal aorta has a weak, bulging portion. The condition is asymptomatic but can result in death if it bursts. Type 2 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 4q31.
• Aortic aneurysm, familial abdominal 3: A rare familial disorder where the abdominal aorta has a weak, bulging portion. The condition is asymptomatic but can result in death if it bursts. Type 3 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 9p21.
• Aortic arch anomaly with peculiar facies and mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation, characteristic facial anomalies and abnormal position of the aorta.
• Aortic supravalvular stenosis: A rare congenital condition involving increased intestinal calcium absorption and characterized by development delay, distinctive facial features, small nails and short stature.
• Apeirophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of infinity.
• Apert syndrome: A rare condition characterized by abnormalities in the appearance of the face and head as well as finger and toe abnormalities. The bones of the skull fuse together too early which prevents it from growing normally. Various toes and fingers may be fused together.
• Aphasia: inability to produce and comprehend language
• Apiophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of bees.
• Aplastic anemia: A blood disorder where the bone marrow produces insufficient new blood cells.
• Apnea: Periods of absence of breathing
• Apnea of prematurity: AOP occurs in infants who are born prematurely (before 34 weeks of pregnancy).
• Appian-Plutarch syndrome: Symptoms caused by excessive doses of a drug called atropine.
• Apprehension: The feeling of suspicion or fear towards the future
• Apricot seed poisoning: Apricot seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the pit remains intact and therefore poisoning usually occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual. Most parts of the apricot plant contain the toxic chemical with the highest concentration in young leaves. Different species of apricots have different levels of toxic chemical. Severe symptoms or even death can occur if children consume more than ten kernels or adults consume more than forty kernels. Theories exist that apricot kernels may help cancer sufferers but there has been no scientific studies that have proven this.
• Arachibutyrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouth.
• Arachnephobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of spiders.
• Arachnodactyly - ataxia - cataract - aminoaciduria - mental retardation: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by congenital cataracts, ataxia, mental retardation, abnormal amino acid metabolism and long, thin fingers.
• Arachnodactyly - mental retardation - dysmorphism: A very rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation, unusual facial features and long, thin fingers and toes.
• Arachnoid Cysts: A rare disorder involving a fluid-filled cysts on the arachnoid membrane which is one of the thin layers of tissue that form a membrane which covers the spinal cord and brain. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the size and location of the cyst.
• Arachnoiditis: A progressive disorder where the arachnoid membrane becomes inflamed and the brain and spinal cord may also become inflamed.
• Arakawa syndrome 1: An inherited metabolic disorder where an enzyme deficiency (glutamate formiminotrransferase) causes mental and physical retardation and degeneration of brain tissue.
• Arbovirosis: An infectious disease caused by an arbovirus. The virus is transmitted by arthropods such as insects and ticks. Examples of arboviruses include Yellow Fever, Japanese encephalitis and tick-borne encephalitis. The symptoms may vary depending on the type of virus involved. The infection can lead to life-threatening brain inflammation.
• Arctic bearded seal poisoning: The Arctic Bearded seal is often used as a food source by the arctic inhabitants. Eating the liver and kidneys of the arctic bearded seal can result in a Vitamin A overdose which can cause serious symptoms and even death in extreme cases. It is believed that eating more than 100-250 grams of the seal liver can result in human death.
• Argentinean hemorrhagic fever: An infectious disease caused by the Junin virus. Transmission can occur through contact with infected rodent (usually the corn mouse) urine, feces or saliva. The incubation period lasts from one to two weeks. The disease is most common in rural workers in Argentina.
• Arginase deficiency: A very rare urea cycle disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme (arginase) needed to convert ammonia to the urea which can then be removed in the urine. The condition leads to excess build-up of ammonia in the body which is toxic to the nervous system.
• Argininosuccinase lyase deficiency, late onset: A rare inherited urea cycle disorder caused by lack of enzymes (argininosuccinase lyase) needed to turn ammonia into urea resulting in excess ammonia in the body. The late onset form of the condition tends to start later in life as there is some level of activity by the defective enzyme. The condition tends to be less severe and can be triggered by a change in diet, illness or some other stress on the body.
• Argininosuccinase lyase deficiency, neonatal: A rare inherited urea cycle disorder caused by lack of enzymes (argininosuccinase lyase) needed to turn ammonia into urea resulting in excess ammonia in the body. The neonatal form of the condition can result in death or severe complications if not treated early enough.
• Arima syndrome: A rare disorder characterized mainly by eye and brain abnormalities.
• Arnold-Chiari malformation type 4: Arnold-Chiari malformation is a rare malformation where the base of the brain enters into the upper spinal canal. Type 4 actually involves a lack of development of a portion of the base of the brain (cerebellum). The prognosis is very poor with death often occurring during infancy.
• Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase deficiency: A rare inborn error of metabolism involving the deficiency of an enzyme (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase) needed to process aromatic amino acids. This results in a deficiency of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin. The condition manifests as movement and neurological problems.
• Arthritis: A condition which is characterized by the inflammation of a joint
• Arthritis - short stature - deafness: A very rare syndrome characterized by arthritis, short stature, deafness and numerous other abnormalities.
• Arthrogryposis - epileptic seizures - migrational brain disorder: A rare disorder characterized by congenital joint contractures, epileptic seizures and brain development abnormalities. It can be caused by fetal exposure to alcohol or chemical products.
• Arthrogryposis IUGR thoracic dystrophy: A very rare syndrome characterized by congenital joint contractures, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and ribcage abnormalities.
• Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, distal, X-linked: A rare condition characterized by the presence of contractures at birth as well as various other anomalies. The condition is X-linked.
• Arthrogryposis, congenital - myopathic seizures: A rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation and muscle problems.
• Aspartylglucosaminidase deficiency: A rare glycoprotein metabolism disorder caused by a deficiency of an enzyme called aspartylglucosaminidase. Patients tend to develop normally during the first few years of life and development continues slowly until adolescence when mental retardation becomes progressively worse.
• Aspartylglucosaminuria: A rare glycoprotein metabolism disorder caused by a deficiency of an enzyme called aspartylglucosaminidase. Patients tend to develop normally during the first few years of life and development continues slowly until adolescence when mental retardation becomes progressively worse.
• Aspartylglycosaminuria: A rare glycoprotein metabolism disorder caused by a deficiency of an enzyme called aspartylglucosaminidase. Patients tend to develop normally during the first few years of life and development continues slowly until adolescence when mental retardation becomes progressively worse.
• Asperger syndrome: A neuropsychiatric disorder mainly involving the inability to understand and becoming involved in social interaction.
• Asthenophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of weakness or fainting.
• Asthma: A condition which is characterized by recurrent attacks of paroxysmal dyspnoea
• Astraphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of lightning and thunder.
• Astrocytoma: A malignant tumour of the nervous system composed of astrocytes.
• Astrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of stars and celestial space.
• Ataxia - apraxia - mental retardation, X-linked: A rare X-linked syndrome characterized mainly by ataxia, apraxia and mental retardation. The symptoms are generally nonprogressive.
• Ataxia - diabetes - goiter - gonadal insufficiency: A rare disorder characterized by diabetes, goiter, insufficient hormone production by the gonads and progressive ataxia.
• Ataxia Telangiectasia: A rare inherited childhood disorder involving progressive degeneration of the nervous system.
• Ataxia deafness reardon type: A rare syndrome observed in a Kuwati family characterized by ataxia, deafness and mental retardation.
• Ataxia tapetoretinal degeneration: Conditions involving incoordination and an eye anomaly.
• Ataxia, Hereditary, Autosomal Dominant: A group of rare, dominantly inherited neuromuscular disorder involving degeneration of the brain and spinal cord. The range, progression and severity of symptoms can vary quite considerably depending on the genetic defect involved.
• Ataxiophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of muscular incoordination (ataxia). This disorder is not to be confused with ataxophobia which is a fear of disorder or untidiness.
• Ataxophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of disorder or untidiness. This disorder is not to be confused with ataxiophobia which is a fear of muscular incoordination (ataxia).
• Atelophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of imperfection.
• Atephobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of ruin.
• Athabaskan brainstem dysgenesis: A rare neurological disorder caused by abnormal brainstem development and function.
• Atherosclerosis, premature - deafness - diabetes mellitus - photomyoclonus - nephropathy - degenerative neurologic disease: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness, diabetes, epilepsy, kidney disease and premature hardening of the arteries.
• Atherosclerosis- deafness - diabetes - epilepsy - nephropathy: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness, diabetes, epilepsy, kidney disease and premature hardening of the arteries.
• Ativan overdose: Ativan is a prescription drug mainly used to treat anxiety. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Atkin-Flatiz syndrome: A rare, X-linked syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and facial anomalies.
• Atopic asthma: Atopic asthma is one of the most common forms of asthma and is triggered by exposure to an allergen. Upon exposure to the allergen, the airways become constricted and inflamed which affects breathing. The severity of symptoms is variable. This form of asthma is more common in children than adults.
• Atrichia - mental and growth delay: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, growth delay and the absence of hair.
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Behavioral disorder with hyperactivity and/or inattention.
• Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders: A condition characterized by attention problems and disruptive behavior. The condition is considered to be a grouping of three other disorders - oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
• Attenuated congenital adrenal hyperplasia: A late onset form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia where insufficient adrenal corticosteroids are produced by the body due to the deficiency of a particular chemical. The severity of symptoms varies from person to person and onset may occur as early as childhood.
• Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome: A rare condition characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and kidney failure that has no obvious cause.
• Atypical pyridoxine-dependent seizures: A form of epilepsy which responds to anticonvulsant therapy for only a period of time but are able to be managed by pyridoxine supplementation after a few months. Seizures may disappear for a few months even after pyridoxine supplementation is ceased.
• Auditory Processing Disorder: Failure of the brain to correctly process sound.
• Auditory hallucinations: An auditory perception that has no basis on external stimulation.
• Auditory perceptual disorder: A hearing disorder where the brain is unable to properly process or interpret auditory information it receives from the hearing organs.
• Aughton syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by small eyes, cleft palate, mental retardation and dextrocardia (heart located on right side of chest instead of left).
• Aulophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of flutes.
• Aural atresia - multiple congenital anomalies - mental retardation: A rare syndrome characterized by a number of malformations as well as mental retardation.
• Auralcephalosyndactyly: A very rare syndrome characterized by ear abnormalities, premature fusion of skull bones and syndactyly (fusion of digits).
• Aurophobia: An exaggerated or irrational dislike of gold.
• Auroraphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of Auroral lights.
• Australian Sea Lion poisoning: The Australian Sea Lion is sometimes used as a food source and is found in the South-Southwest waters of Australia. Eating the liver of the Australian Sea Lion can result in a Vitamin A overdose which can cause serious symptoms and even death in extreme cases.
• Autism: Childhood mental condition with social and communication difficulties.
• Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is characterized by an abnormal immune system response which leads to the destruction of red blood cells and hence anemia. The severity of the condition varies depending on the underlying cause e.g. cytomegalovirus, hepatitis, HIV and lupus. The condition may develop gradually or occur suddenly and cause serious symptoms.
• Autoimmune Hepatitis: Liver inflammation caused due to autoimmune processes where the body's immune system attacks the liver.
• Autoimmune limbic encephalitis: Limbic encephalitis is an inflammation of the limbic system which is the part of the brain responsible for basic autonomic functions. In the paraneoplastic type, the inflammation is caused by autoimmune processes.
• Autoimmune thyroid disease associated Celiac Disease: Patients with autoimmune thyroid disease are more susceptible to developing celiac disease than the average population. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Autoimmune thyroid diseases: Autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland.
• Automysophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of being dirty.
• Autonomic Dysreflexia: A complication of spinal cord injury where a particular stimulus can trigger an excessive response from the autonomic nervous system which causes blood pressure to rise - sometimes to dangerous levels. Stimuli that can trigger the response include bladder irritation, bowel irritation (e.g. due to constipation, gas, enema), skin irritation (e.g. due to burns, pressure sores, ingrown toenails), broken bones, tight clothing, labour and temperature extremes. The severity and frequency of the condition is highly variable. The condition occurs in patients with tetraplegia or with loss of sensation above the lower rib cage.
• Autonomic dysreflexia syndrome: A complication caused by injury to the neck or upper back region of the spinal cord. Symptoms are induced by stimulation below the level of the injury which can be caused by such things as distended bladder, scratching the feet, squeezing the penis, stimulation of the rectum or accumulation of gas.
• Autophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of being egotistical or being by oneself.
• Avoidant personality disorder: Personality type that avoids other people
• Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by underdeveloped or absent teeth and craniofacial and eye abnormalities. The range of symptoms that can occur is somewhat variable.
• Axial mesodermal dysplasia spectrum: A variable range of defects that occur during fetal development. The defect occurs at a cellular level and affects the way various parts of the body develop.
• Azarcon-induced lead poisoning: Azarcon is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Azotemia, famial: A rare condition where high serum urea level is inherited in a familial pattern. The high level of urea occurs despite normal kidney function.
• BBB syndrome, X-linked: A rare genetic disorder characterized by defects along the midline of the body. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerably. There are two subtypes of the disorder: type I is inherited in a X-linked manner and type II is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Females with type I tend to have few if any symptoms - often the only symptom is wide-set eyes.
• BIDS syndrome: A rare inherited condition characterized by brittle hair (B), mental and physical impairment (I), decreased fertility (D) and short stature (S).
• BOD syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by small nails, digital abnormalities (mainly of the fifth finger and toe) and various facial anomalies.
• Ba Bow Sen-induced lead poisoning: Ba Bow Sen is a folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat childhood hyperactivity and to alleviate nightmares. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Baber's syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by the association of congenital liver cirrhosis with Fanconi syndrome.
• Bacillophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of missiles.
• Back tumour: The presence of tumour growth in the vertebra, whether due to primary malignancies e.g. leukaemic or myeloma infiltration of the bone marrow, or due to secondary metastases from another site e.g. lung or breast.
• Bacterial meningitis: Bacterial meningitis is a form of meningitis caused by bacteria that normally lives in the mouth and throat. When the immune system is unable to supress this bacteria, it travels to the cerebrospinal spinal fluid in the brain. From there it affects the membranes surrounding the brain.
• Bacterial pericarditis: Inflammation and swelling of the pericardium (fibrous sac surrounding the heart) due to a bacterial infection. It can occur as a complication of a bacterial infection in some other part of the body. It is most often a complication of a respiratory infection but skin and oral infections may also be a cause. Bacterial pericarditis may also occur after heart surgery. It occurs predominantly in males aged 20 to 50 years. The condition may be misdiagnosed as a heart attack and vice versa.
• Bacterial toxic-shock syndrome: A very rare, potentially fatal infection caused by toxins produced by bacteria, especially bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. The condition is often associated with tampon use but can originate from other sources.
• Bacteriophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of bacteria.
• Balance symptoms: Problems with balance or vertigo
• Bali goli-induced lead poisoning: Bali goli (flat black bean) is a folk remedy used mainly by Indian and Asian people to treat intestinal problems. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Balint's syndrome: A condition involving a variety of visual symptoms such as optic ataxia, agnosia and nystagmus.
• Baltic myoclonic epilepsy: A rare inherited type of progressive myoclonus epilepsy which tends to cause symptoms during childhood. The involuntary muscle movements tend to occur more frequently and become more severe with increasing age. Symptoms may occur following various stimuli such as light, stress or exercise.
• Baló disease: A very rare, rapidly progressive form of multiple sclerosis (inflammatory disease of the brain and spinal cord). The type, severity and rate of progression of symptoms depends on the area of the brain affected.
• Bamforth syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by the association of an abnormal opening in the roof of the mouth and reduced thyroid functioning.
• Baneberry poisoning: Baneberries are toxic and can cause a skin reaction on contact or various poisoning symptoms.
• Bangstad syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by diabetes, goiter, insufficient hormone production by the gonads and progressive ataxia.
• Bannayan-Zonana syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by macrocephaly, intestinal polyposis, pigmentation of penis and benign tumor-like growths.
• Baraitser burn fixen syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by skeletal abnormalities, a skin disorder and an expressionless face.
• Baraitser-Rodeck-Garner syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by mental retardation, premature fusion of skull bones, kidney anomalies, seizures and facial anomalies.
• Baraitser-Winter syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by a structural eye defect, droopy eyelids and mental retardation.
• Barakat syndrome: A rare condition characterized by deafness, kidney disease and insufficiency parathyroid hormone production.
• Barbiturate abuse: Abuse of barbiturate medications
• Bardet-Biedl Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 1: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 1 is caused by a defect in chromosome 11q13.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 10: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 10 is caused by a defect in chromosome 12q.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 11: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 11 is caused by a defect in chromosome 9q33.1.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 12: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 12 is caused by a defect in chromosome 4q27.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 2: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 2 is caused by a defect in chromosome 16q21.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 3: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 3 is caused by a defect in chromosome 3p12-q13.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 4: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 4 is caused by a defect in chromosome 15q22.3.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 5: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 5 is caused by a defect in chromosome 2q31.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 6: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 6 is caused by a defect in chromosome 20p12.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 7: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 7 is caused by a defect in chromosome 4q27.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 8: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 8 is caused by a defect in chromosome 14q32.11.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 9: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 9 is caused by a defect in chromosome 7p14.
• Barophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of gravity.
• Barre-Lieou syndrome: A rare condition where trauma (such as pinching by adjacent vertebrae or arthritis) to the sympathetic nerves located in the spinal area of the neck results in a variety of neurological symptoms.
• Bartsocas Papa syndrome: A rare condition characterized by webbing of skin as well as various other physical and mental abnormalities.
• Bartter Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder of kidney metabolism characterized by reduced blood acidity and low potassium levels.
• Bartter's syndrome, antenatal type 1: A rare genetic kidney disorder that causes hypokalemia. A defect in the NKCC2 gene impairs the functioning of the Na-Cl cotransporter and leads to electrolyte imbalance. The rate of death is high prior to diagnosis.
• Bartters syndrome, antenatal , type 2: A rare genetic kidney disorder that causes hypokalemia. A defect in the ROMK gene impairs the ATP-regulated potassium channel functioning and leads to electrolyte imbalance.
• Basal ganglia calcification, idiopathic 1: Abnormal calcium deposits in the part of the brain called the basal ganglia. Type 1 results in psychiatric, cognitive or neurological problems associated with the calcification. The symptoms experienced are variable.
• Basal ganglia disease, biotin-responsive: A neurological disease that affects the part of the brain called the basal ganglia. The disease responds well to biotin administration but relapses within a month if the biotin is stopped. If the condition is diagnosed late or there are recurring episodes, the patient may suffer ongoing symptoms such as paraparesis, mild mental retardation or dystonia.
• Basilar artery insufficiency syndrome: A range of symptoms caused by impaired blood flow through the basilar artery. The symptoms may come and go according to variation in blood flow through the basilar artery. The blood flow may be impaired by such things as thrombosis, narrowed artery and blood vessel spasms. Symptoms vary depending on the exact location and extent of the artery involvement as well as whether the onset is gradual or sudden.
• Basilar artery migraine: Basilar migraine (BM), also known as Bickerstaff syndrome, consists of headache accompanied by dizziness, ataxia, tinnitus, decreased hearing, nausea and vomiting, dysarthria, diplopia, loss of balance, bilateral paresthesias or paresis, altered consciousness, syncope, and sometimes loss of consciousness.
• Bathmophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of walking.
• Bathophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of depths. This can include a fear of lakes or long hallways.
• Batophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of passing high buildings.
• Batrachophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of frogs or toads.
• Battaglia Neri syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation, small head, epilepsy, coarse facial features and skeletal anomalies. Only two reported cases of this syndrome.
• Batten Disease: Rare childhood genetic degenerative nerve system disease.
• Bd syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by the association of mental retardation, small eyes and a movement disorder.
• Bearsfoot hellebore poisoning: The Bearsfoot hellebore is a relatively small, flowering evergreen plant which originated in Europe. All parts of the plant contain protoanemonin which can be toxic if large quantities are consumed.
• Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome: An inherited disorder marked by gigantism, exomphalos and macroglossia. Also called EMG syndrome and exophthalmos-macroglossia-gigantism syndrome.
• Behavioural disorders: Disorders that affect a persons behaviour
• Behcet's Disease: Recurring inflammation of small blood vessels affecting various areas.
• Behr syndrome: A rare inherited neurological condition characterized by spastic paraplegia and sometimes optic atrophy.
• Bell mania: A rare life-threatening neuropsychiatric disorder involving delusions, hyperactivity and periods of fever. Death can occur within days or months without treatment.
• Bellini-Chiumello-Rinoldi syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by mental retardation, short stature and unusual shaped ends of long bones.
• Belonephobia: Fear of sharp, point objects such as needles.
• Ben-Ari-Shuper-Mimouni syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal development of the structure separating the two halves of the brain as well as duplicated ureters that collect the urine from the kidney and deliver it to the bladder.
• Benign Fasciculation Syndrome: Common movement disorder manifesting in a fine (fast) tremor; it is an inherited condition of unknown cause.
• Benign astrocytoma: Benign tumors that occur in the brain or spinal cord. Symptoms and severity depends on the location and size of the tumors.
• Benjamin syndrome: A rare disorder characterized mainly by anemia, bone abnormalities and mental and growth retardation.
• Benson's syndrome: A rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized mainly by defective visual information processing which affects a person's ability to recognize familiar objects and people.
• Bentham-Driessen-Hanveld syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by the association of undescended testes, long thin fingers and mental retardation.
• Benzodiazepine abuse: Abuse of benzodiazepine tranquiliser medications
• Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy: A rare genetic disorder characterized by diabetes mellitus, loss of body fat, hepatomegaly, enlarged genitals, increased skeletal growth and other abnormalities.
• Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy, type 2: A rare genetic disorder characterized by early-onset diabetes mellitus, loss of body fat, serious insulin resistance, high blood triglycerides and fatty liver. Type 2 is distinguished from type 2 by the origin of the genetic defect. Type 2 is caused by a defect on the BSCL2 gene on chromosome 11q13. Type 2 seems to be more severe with some cases resulting in premature death which can occur as early as the first year of life. Type 2 also involves mental retardation which is not seen in type 1.
• Beriberi: Disease due to vitamin B1 deficiency (thiamine)
• Berlin Breakage syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head, reduced immunity and increased risk of cancer. The features of this condition are virtually indistinguishable from the Nigmegen Breakage syndrome.
• Bessman-Baldwin syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by degeneration of the brain and the macula of the eye.
• Beta Thalassemia intermedia: Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by abnormal synthesis of hemoglobin. There are two subtypes of the disorder (? and ?) depending on what portion of the hemoglobin is abnormally synthesized. Beta Thalassemia intermedia involves defects in both of the two genes required to make each ? protein chain. The condition causes varying degrees of moderate anemia.
• Beta thalassemia: Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by abnormal synthesis of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin consists of two main protein chains called ? and ?. Beta thalassemia involves defects in one or more of the two genes required to make each ? protein chain. The main symptom is anemia, the severity of which can vary amongst patients depending on how many defective genes are involved.
• Beta-mannosidosis: A very rare type of inherited glycoprotein storage disease where deficiency of an enzyme called beta-mannosidase results in a build-up of certain sugars (oligosaccharides) which can harm the body.
• Beta-ureidopropionase deficiency: A metabolic disorder where the deficiency of an enzyme (Beta-ureidopropionase) results mainly in neurological abnormalities such as mental retardation. The symptoms are variable however.
• Bibliophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of books.
• Biemond syndrome type 1: A rare inherited condition characterized by mental retardation, finger and toe abnormalities, obesity and eye problems.
• Biemond syndrome type 2: A rare inherited condition characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and underdeveloped genitals.
• Bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis syndrome: A complication that can occur following the removal of the thyroid gland.
• Biliary Atresia: A rare condition that can affect newborns where the bile duct that carries the bile from the liver to the small intestine is blocked or missing.
• Biliary cirrhosis: Biliary cirrhosis is a condition where the bile ducts are unable to transport bile effectively due to blockage, inflammation, scarring or some other damage to the bile ducts. The condition may result from such things as congenital defect of the bile ducts (e.g. biliary atresia), cystic fibrosis, gallstones or a variety of other secondary conditions. The cause of primary biliary cirrhosis is not fully understood.
• Bing-Neel syndrome: A rare disorder involving infiltration of the central nervous system by abnormal leukemia-like cells (lymphoplasmocytoid cells) that occur in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. The abnormality increases blood viscosity which impairs its circulation through small brain and eye blood vessels.
• Binge eating disorder: Excessive overeating but without purging
• Binswanger's Disease: A type of senile dementia characterized by chronic cerebrovascular disease.
• Bint Al Zahab-induced lead poisoning: Bint Al Zahab is a folk remedy used by various ethnic groups (e.g. Indians, Saudi Arabians) to treat infant colic and to facilitate the passage of meconium in newborns. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Biotin deficiency: Vitamin H deficiency
• Bipolar VI: Bipolar VI type is defined as having no depressive symptoms, only manic or hypomanic moods.
• Bipolar disorder: Cycles of mania and depression; commonly called "manic-depression".
• Bipolar disorder I: Bipolar I disorder is a mood disorder that is characterized by at least one manic or mixed episode. Most people with bipolar I disorder also suffer from episodes of depression.
• Bird cherry seed poisoning: Wild cherry seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the seed remains intact and therefore poisoning usually occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual.
• Bird-headed dwarfism with progressive ataxia, Insulin-resistant diabetes, goiter and primary gonadal insufficiency: A rare disorder characterized by diabetes, goiter, insufficient hormone production by the gonads and progressive ataxia.
• Bird-headed dwarfism, Montreal type: A rare condition characterized by dwarfism and a characteristic beak-shaped nose.
• Birth symptoms: Symptoms related to childbirth.
• Bitter almond seed poisoning: Bitter almond seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. Accidental ingestion is very unusual. Bitter almond plants grow mainly in Northern America. Various processes can be used to leach the toxic chemical out of the bitter almonds.
• Black locust poisoning: The black locust is a large deciduous tree which has long clusters of scented flowers and flat fruit pods. The young leaves, seeds and inner bark contain various chemicals (robin, robinine and robitin) which can be toxic if large quantities are eaten. The flowers are considered edible if handled correctly.
• Black nightshade poisoning: The Black Nightshade is a herb which bears small white or purple flowers and dull black berries. The plant originated in South America. The berries contain solanine alkaloid which can be toxic if eaten in large quantities. The leaves and unripe berries are considered toxic whereas the ripe fruit is possibly edible.
• Blennophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of slime.
• Blepharophimosis - ptosis - syndactyly - mental retardation: A rare genetic disorder characterized by eye anomalies, webbed fingers and mental retardation.
• Blepharophimosis syndrome Ohdo type: An extremely rare syndrome characterized primarily by mental retardation and eye anomalies. Only a handful of cases have been reported.
• Blood cancer: Malignancy of one or several of the different types of cells in the blood
• Blue Diaper Syndrome: A rare metabolic disorder characterized by vision problems, bluish urine, fever and digestive anomalies.
• Bobble-head doll syndrome: A rare condition where a child's head bobs up and down continuously due to either fluid on the brain or a large cyst in the third ventricle of the brain.
• Bogyphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of demons and goblins.
• Bokhoor-induced lead poisoning: Bokhoor is a traditional used mainly by Saudi Arabian people to calm infants - it involves burning wood and lead sulphide and inhaling the fumes that are produced. This practice has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to the relatively high exposure to lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Bolivian hemorrhagic fever: An infectious disease that occurs in Bolivia and is caused by the Machupo virus. Transmission can occur through contact with infected rodent (Calomys callosus) droppings. The incubation period lasts from one to two weeks.
• Bone dysplasia - corpus callosum agenesis: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal brain development and bone growth abnormalities.
• Bonneman-Meinecke-Reich syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by calcium deposits in the brain tissue, deficiency of growth hormones and degeneration of the part of the eye called the retina.
• Bonnemann-Meinecke-Reich syndrome: A rare disorder characterized mainly by growth problems, vision problems and brain disease.
• Borderline Personality Disorder: Mental condition with behavioral and emotional problems.
• Borjeson Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by severe mental deficiency, large ears, hypogonadism and other abnormalities.
• Bork-Stender-Schmidt syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by unusual hair, retinal disease, dental problems and short fingers.
• Borna disease: An infectious neurological disease that affects warm-blooded animals. There is disagreement as to whether the virus may be the underlying cause of some cases of mental illness in humans.
• Boscherini-Galasso-Manca-Bitti syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by a range of abnormalities including mental retardation, growth hormone deficiency, congenital heart defect and facial abnormalities.
• Bosley-Salih-Alorainy syndrome: A rare recessively inherited disorder involving inner and outer ear deformity, eye movement disorder, deafness, cardiovascular malformations and other anomalies. The range and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Bosviel syndrome: A rare condition where a blood blister on the uvula ruptures. It often occurs as a complication of tracheal intubation.
• Bottlebrush buckeye poisoning: The Bottlebrush buckeye is a deciduous shrub which bears clusters of white or pink flowers and smooth, leathery fruit containing shiny seeds. The plant originated in southern USA. The plant contains various toxic chemicals (glycoside esculin, saponin aescin) which can cause potentially fatal toxicity if sufficient quantities of the seeds or leaves are consumed.
• Boudhina-Yedes-Khiari syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by short stature, small head, mental deficiency, seizures, hearing loss and skin lesions.
• Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: This is a medical condition caused by the transmission of an infective prion causing an encephalopathy
• Bowing of legs, anterior, with dwarfism: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by dwarfism and bowed lower leg bones. Only one or two reported cases of the condition.
• Box thorn poisoning: The leaves of the Box thorn plant contain a toxic chemical called atropine and possibly other toxic compounds. The box thorn plant is a spiny-stemmed shrub which originated in Europe. Symptoms can be quite serious depending on the quantity of the plant ingested.
• Brachioskeletogenital syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by
• Brachycephaly - deafness - cataract - mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a short head, deafness, cataracts and mental retardation.
• Brachycephaly - deafness - cataract - microstomia - mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a short head, deafness, cataracts and mental retardation.
• Brachydactyly - dwarfism - mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized by short fingers, very short stature and mental retardation.
• Brachydactyly - mesomelia - mental retardation - heart defects: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, heart defects, short digits and short limbs.
• Brachydactyly nystagmus cerebellar ataxia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short digits, nystagmus and cerebellar ataxia.
• Brachydactyly, mesomelia, mental retardation, aortic dilation, mitral valve prolapse and characteristic face: A rare syndrome characterized by short digits, short limbs, mental retardation, aortic dilation, mitral valve prolapse and a characteristic face.
• Braddock Jones Superneau syndrome: A very rare disorder characterized primarily by the premature fusion of skull bones (sagittal), the Dandy-Walker malformation and a buildup of fluid in the brain (hydrocephalus). The Dandy-Walker malformation is where a cyst develops in the back of the brain and interferes with the movement of fluid through the brain resulting in an accumulation of fluid.
• Brain - bone - fat: A rare inherited disease characterized by bone cysts and progressive presenile dementia.
• Brain Concussion: Trauma resulting in minor injury to the brain which causes a period of interrupted brain function. Simple concussions resolve themselves in about a week whereas more serious ones have persisting symptoms. The onset of symptoms may be delayed.
• Brain Fag syndrome: A type of neurotic disorder that was first observed in white collar workers in Africa.
• Brain abscess: abscess in the brain may involve any of the lobes of the brain
• Brain disturbance:
• Brain symptoms: Symptoms affecting the brain
• Brain tumor, adult: A growth or tumor that develops in the tissues of the brain in adults. The tumor can be benign or malignant.
• Branchial clefts with characteristic facies, growth retardation, imperforate nasolacrimal duct, and: A rare genetic disorder characterized by branchial defects, tear duct obstruction and pseudocleft of upper lip.
• Branchio-Oculo-Facial Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by branchial defects, lacrimal duct obstruction and pseudocleft of upper lip.
• Branchio-skeleto-genital syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized by mental retardation, jaw anomalies, cleft palate, sunken chest and other abnormalities.
• Breast Duct Papilloma: Tumour of the collecting duct of the breast; may be benign or malignant.
• Brill disease: A form of recurring typhus caused by a bacterium called Rickettsia prowazekii and transmitted by lice. The illness may occur years after the initial sickness and tends to be not as severe.
• Briquet syndrome: A rare, chronic mental disorder characterized mainly by often claiming to have constant physical illness when none is able to be detected. It most often occurs in young females.
• Bristowe's syndrome: Symptoms caused by a brain tumor that develops in the corpus callosum which connects the two brain hemispheres.
• Bromidrosiphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of having unpleasant body odor.
• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A condition which is characterized by dysplasia of the brochopulmonary vessels
• Brontophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of thunder and thunderstorms.
• Brown snake poisoning: The Brown snake is a poisonous Australian snake. They are considered one of the most venomous snakes in the world and their bite can result in death without prompt medical attention. The snake venom contains toxins which affect the blood and nerve systems. Children tend to suffer more severe symptoms due to their smaller body size.
• Brown-Symmers disease: A rare form of brain inflammation that occurs in children and can quickly lead to death. Symptoms usually start suddenly.
• Brushfield-Wyatt syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental deficiency, weakness on one side of the body and large port-wine stains that cover about a third of the skin's total surface. This condition may be a variant of another condition called Sturge-Weber syndrome.
• Bubonic plague: Severe flea-borne bacterial disease
• Bulimia nervosa: Eating disorder with binging (overeating) and purging (vomiting).
• Bullous dystrophy, macular type: A rare condition characterized by loss of scalp hair, increased skin pigmentation, small head, mental retardation, short stature and blisters. The blisters do not form necessarily on skin that has suffered trauma but occurs spontaneously.
• Buntinx-Lormans-Martin syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by eye anomalies and fusion of the forearm bones.
• Burnett's milk drinker's syndrome: Burnett's milk drinker's syndrome is a condition where the body is too alkaline and the blood contains too much calcium which results in impaired kidney function. It can be caused by drinking large quantities of milk or using too many alkaline antacid remedies. High vitamin D intake can make the condition worse. The people most at risk of this condition tend to be older people (especially women) who are taking calcium supplements as well as calcium carbonate containing remedies to treat dyspepsia.
• Burnett's syndrome: Burnett's syndrome is a condition where the body is too alkaline and the blood contains too much calcium which results in impaired kidney function. It can be caused by drinking large quantities of milk or using too many alkaline antacid remedies. High vitamin D intake can make the condition worse. The people most at risk of this condition tend to be older people (especially women) who are taking calcium supplements as well as calcium carbonate containing remedies to treat dyspepsia.
• Burning mouth syndrome- Type 3: A rare condition where there is a burning sensation in the mouth and tongue. Type 3 describes mouth burning that comes and goes during the day and is often linked to anxiety and allergies (especially food additives).
• Burnout syndrome: Severe stress caused by work-related physical or mental trauma.
• Buttiens-Fryns syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by a small jaw, small mouth and defects involving the hands and feet.
• C Syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized by a triangular-shaped head, facial anomalies, joint contractures and loose skin.
• CACH syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by childhood ataxia and reduced myelination of the cerebral nerves. Motor and mental development in the first few years of life is normal with progressive neurodegeneration occurring between 2 and 5 years of age. Fever and trauma to the head can speed up disease progression.
• CAHMR syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized mainly by excessive body hair (especially on the back, shoulders and sides of the face), cataracts and mental retardation.
• CCFDN: A rare, recessively inherited syndrome characterized by cataracts during infancy, unusual facial appearance and neuropathy.
• CDG syndrome type 1A: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 1A involves a phosphomannomutase enzyme defect and affects most body systems especially the nervous system and liver function.
• CFS subtype 1 (cognitive, musculoskeletal, sleep, anxiety/depression): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 1 tends to be more severe with the dominant symptoms being anxiety, depression and cognitive, musculoskeletal and sleeping problems.
• CFS subtype 2 ( musculoskeletal, pain, anxiety/depression): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 2 tends to be more severe with the dominant symptoms being anxiety, depression, pain and musculoskeletal problems.
• CFS subtype 3 (mild): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 3 tends to have milder symptoms than other subtypes.
• CFS subtype 4 (cognitive, musculoskeletal, sleep, anxiety/depression): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 4 tends to be dominated by cognitive symptoms.
• CFS subtype 5 (musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 5 tends to be dominated by musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal symptoms.
• CFS subtype 6 (postexertional): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 6 tends to be dominated by excessive fatigue following exertion.
• CFS subtype 7 (pain, infectious, musculoskeletal, sleep, neurological, gastrointestinal, neurocognitive, anxiety/depression): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 7 tends to be more severe with the dominant symptoms being pain, infections, anxiety, depression and musculoskeletal, sleep, neurological, gastrointestinal and neurocognitive problems.
• CHARGE Syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by choanal atresia, coloboma, ear and genital abnormalities and congenital heart defects.
• COACH syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by ataxia, gaps or holes in various eye structures, mental retardation, liver fibrosis and brain abnormalities.
• COPD: Severe obstruction of bronchial air flow typically from bronchitis and/or emphysema.
• Cadasil: A rare inherited condition which affects the small blood vessels of the brain. Damage to the vessels causes strokes and other problems.
• Caffeine addiction: Caffeine addiction is the uncontrollable craving for caffeine products such as coffee. Other caffeinated products include diet pills, chocolate, pain killers, cold remedies and soft drinks. Cessation causes withdrawal symptoms which can vary in nature and severity.
• Cainophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of novelty.
• Calcification of basal ganglia with or without hypocalcemia: Calcification of a part of the brain called the basal ganglia. That calcification may be associated with conditions such as hypothyroidism, cytomegalovirus, and AIDS or may occur for no apparent reason. The severity of the condition may vary greatly from asymptomatic to neurological, psychiatric and movement disorders. The disorder may also progress at variable rates or remain stable depending on the underlying disease process.
• California buckeye poisoning: The California buckeye is a deciduous shrub which bears clusters of white or pink flowers and smooth, leathery fruit containing shiny seeds. The plant originated in California. The plant contains various toxic chemicals (glycoside esculin, saponin aescin) which can cause potentially fatal toxicity if sufficient quantities of the seeds or leaves are consumed.
• Camera-Marugo-Cohen syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, muscle weakness, obesity and an asymmetrical body.
• Camptodactyly syndrome, Guadalajara type III: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by a variety of defects including facial dysmorphism.
• Camptodactyly, tall stature, and hearing loss syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by camptodactyly, tall stature and hearing loss. The hearing loss starts at birth or during infancy and progresses during childhood resulting in mild to severe hearing impairment.
• Canavan disease: Rare genetic degenerative brain disease in infants.
• Cancerophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of cancer.
• Cancerphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of cancer.
• Cantu Sanchez-Corona Fragoso syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by severe mental retardation, dwarfism and delayed puberty.
• Cantu Sanchez-Corona Garcia-cruz syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation, short stature, large skull, heart anomaly and various other abnormalities.
• Cantu syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation, short stature, large skull, heart anomaly and various other abnormalities.
• Capgras' syndrome: A rare delusional disorder where the patient believes that a friend or relative has been replaced by a double or imposter. They may even view themselves as a double. The disorder is often associated with schizophrenia or some sort of brain injury or damage.
• Carbamate insecticide poisoning: Excessive ingestion of carbamate insecticide drugs.
• Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 deficiency: A very rare inherited urea cycle disorder where the lack of the enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase prevents ammonia from being turned into urea and being excreted in the urine. Excess ammonia builds up in the body which can cause serious complications or even death if left untreated.
• Carbon Baby Syndrome: A rare condition characterized by progressive increase in pigmentation of mucosal lining and skin.
• Carcinomatophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of cancer.
• Carcinomatous meningitis: Carcinomatous meningitis, is a form of metastatic cancer that has spread to the lining of the brain and spinal cord, the parts of the body that make up the central nervous system.
• Carcinomophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of cancer.
• Carcinophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of cancer.
• Cardiac tamponade: Symptoms caused by compression of the heart due to the accumulation of blood or fluid in the space between the heart muscle and the membrane covering the heart.
• Cardiocranial syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by heart and skull abnormalities.
• Cardiofaciocutaneous Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by short stature, congenital heart defects skin anomalies and frontal bossing.
• Cardiophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of heart disease.
• Carnitine transporter deficiency: An inherited deficiency of carnitine caused by the impaired ability of the carnitine transporter protein to carry the carnitine to where it is needed. Instead the carnitine is excreted through the urine. Fasting or illness can trigger a severe attack.
• Carpenter syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by premature closing of skull bones, craniofacial abnormalities, heart defects, growth retardation and other disorders.
• Carukia barnesi sting: The Irukandji jellyfish is a very small type of box jellyfish found mainly in the northern tropical waters of Australia. Their sting is not particularly painful by the ensuing symptoms can be severe and life-threatening.
• Cat Eye Syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving abnormalities of chromosome 22 and characterized by coloboma of the iris, down-slanting palpebral fissures and anal atresia.
• Cataract - aberrant oral frenula - growth delay: A rare syndrome characterized by cataracts, growth problems and abnormal mouth tissue (frenulum).
• Cataract - ataxia - deafness: A rare syndrome characterized by cataracts, ataxia and progressive deafness.
• Cataract - intellectual deficit - anal atresia - urinary defects: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by cataracts, mental retardation and genitourinary tract abnormalities and absent anal opening.
• Cataract deafness hypogonadism: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness, cataracts and a deficiency of sex hormone production.
• Cataract dental syndrome: A very rare inherited condition mainly involving eye abnormalities but also various other physical abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A very rare disorder where the blood clotting system becomes dysfunctional and clots too easily due to the abnormal presence of antphospholipid antibodies. It results in blood flow blockages to various body organs. It is possible that the condition has autoimmune origins. The disorder is often triggered by infections, certain drugs (e.g. anticoagulants), minor surgery and hysterectomy.
• Catatonia: Motor muscle function disorder
• Catatonic syndrome: A rare syndrome often seen in schizophrenics or associated with central nervous system disturbances or brain trauma. The symptoms tend to occur in episodes with periods of remission in between.
• Cathinone poisoning: Cathinone comes from the leaves of the Khat plant which is native to eastern Africa. Cathinone is a stimulant as well as have pain killing, weight loss and neuromuscular effects. The psychoactive effects are usually utilized by chewing on the leaves of the plant but sometimes dried leaves are used.
• Cathisophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of sitting down.
• Catoptrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of mirrors.
• Caudal appendage - deafness: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness, finger bone abnormalities and a spinal extension giving a tail-like appearance (caudal appendage).
• Cayler syndrome: A very rare disorder involving heart defects and abnormalities involving the lower lip muscle.
• Cebagin-induced lead poisoning: Cebagin is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Celiac Disease: Digestive intolerance to gluten in the diet.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 1: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 6p21.3. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 10: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 3q25-q26. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 11: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 3q28. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 12: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 6q25.3. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 13: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect in the SH2B3 gene on chromosome 12q24. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 2: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 5q31-q33. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 3: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 2q33. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 4: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 19p13.1. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 5: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 15q11-q13. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 6: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 4q27. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 7: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 1q31. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 8: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 2q11-q12. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 9: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 3p21. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celtophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of Celts.
• Cenophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of a void or open spaces.
• Central nervous system lymphoma, primary: A type of lymphoma that occurs in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). A lymphoma consists of cancerous lymphocytes which are a type of white blood cell. Symptoms vary according to the location of the lymphoma.
• Central nervous system oxygen toxicity: High oxygen levels which affects the central nervous system. The condition can occur during deep dives with fatal consequences.
• Central nervous system protozoal infections: A protozoal infection of the central nervous system (spinal cord or brain). The infection may originate in the central nervous system (primary infection) or may spread from another part of the body (secondary infection). The infection may occur in otherwise healthy individuals or in individuals who have a compromised immune system. Primary protozoal CNS infections include cerebral amebiasis, granulomatous amebic encephalitis and secondary infections include cerebral malaria and cerebral babesiosis.
• Cephalosporin-induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia: Cephalosporin-induced immune hemolytic anemia is a condition where a use of a medication called Cephalosporin triggers the body's immune system to destroy it's own red blood cells which results in anemia.
• Cephalothoracic progressive lipodystrophy: A rare acquired disorder that involves adipose tissue abnormalities and is characterized by loss of adipose tissue mainly in the trunk and arms.
• Ceraunophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of thunder and lightning.
• Cerebellar ataxia - intellectual deficit - optic atrophy - skin abnormalities: A rare syndrome characterized by ataxia, mental retardation, optic atrophy and skin abnormalities.
• Cerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive: A group of rare, recessively inherited neurological disorders caused by abnormalities in the cerebellum and spinal cord. In some cases other parts of the body may be affected.
• Cerebellar hypoplasia: A rare brain disorder where a part of the brain (cerebellum) fails to develop fully. The cerebellum is the part of the brain that controls balance and movement.
• Cerebellar hypoplasia - tapetoretinal degeneration: A rare disorder character where a part of the brain (cerebellum) is underdeveloped and a nonprogressive eye disorder involving the retinal pigments. The cerebellum is the part of the brain that controls balance and movement.
• Cerebellar vermis hypoplasia - oligophrenia - congenital ataxia - coloboma - hepatic fibrosis: A very rare syndrome characterized by ataxia, gaps or holes in various eye structures, mental retardation, liver fibrosis and brain abnormalities.
• Cerebelloparenchymal autosomal recessive disorder 3: A rare, recessively inherited disorder characterized mainly by albinism, incoordination, low muscle tone and eye problems.
• Cerebelloparenchymal disorder 3: A rare disorder characterized by mental deficiency and delayed development of speech and motor skills. The condition is nonprogressive and is caused by degeneration of a part of the brain called the cerebellum.
• Cerebellum agenesis - hydrocephaly: A rare brain disorder which manifests as reduced muscle tone, ataxia, cataracts and mental retardation.
• Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Familial: A rare disorder where abnormal deposits of amyloid in the brain blood vessels causes spasticity, incoordination and dementia. Brain hemorrhage and strokes may also result in severe cases.
• Cerebral Atrophy: Wasting away of the brain.
• Cerebral Palsy: Any brain disorder causing movement disability
• Cerebral astrocytoma, adult: A very rare tumor that occurs in adults and develops in brain cells called astrocytes. The part of the brain involved is the cerebrum at the top of the head which controls functions such as reading, writing, thinking, learning, speech, emotion and voluntary movement.
• Cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis, hereditary, Dutch type: An inherited condition characterized mainly by brain hemorrhage and amyloid deposits in the brain blood vessels. The size and location of the hemorrhage determines the severity of symptoms. The condition was first described in a Dutch family.
• Cerebral sarcoma: A type of brain tumor that can be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. The tumor arises from blood vessels in the brain. Symptoms may vary depending on the size and exact location of the tumor.
• Cerebral ventricle neoplasm: A tumor that occurs in the fluid-filled spaces of the brain called the ventricles. Symptoms vary depending on the size and exact location of the tumor and whether it is cancerous or not.
• Cerebro oculo genital syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by brain, eye and genital abnormalities.
• Cerebro oculo skeleto renal syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by brain, eye, skeletal and kidney abnormalities.
• Cerebro-facio-thoracic dysplasia: A very rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation, spinal and rib defects and facial anomalies.
• Cerebro-oculo-nasal syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by eye, nose and brain malformations.
• Cerebrocostomandibular Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by a very small jaw, abnormal rib development and a small thorax as well as other abnormalities.
• Cerebrorenodigital syndrome: A rare group of syndromes characterized mainly by brain, kidney, finger and toe abnormalities.
• Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosus: A rare syndrome where a genetic mutation results in a metabolic disorders caused by a deficiency of sterol 27-hydroxylase deficiency. The condition causes progressive neurological dysfunction, cataracts and premature atherosclerosis. Deposits of cholesterol and cholestanol can be found in any part of the body including the brain. The rate of progression and severity of symptoms varying amongst patients. The degree of neurological involvement is also variable.
• Cerebrovascular accident: Occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted and results in cell injury and death.
• Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 1, infantile: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the progressive accumulation of certain chemicals (lipopigments) in body tissues due to deficiency of an enzyme (palmitoyl-protein thioesterase) needed to process it.
• Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 10: A rare metabolic disorder that affects the nerve cells of the body and is characterized by the deposits of lipopigments (lipofuscin). Type 10 involves a deficiency of cathepsin D and involves an initial period of normal development with neurodegenerative symptoms starting during the early school years.
• Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 3, Juvenile: A progressive genetic disorder where defective lipid metabolism that causes blindness, neurological deterioration, dementia leading to total incapication within years and death within 10-15 years.
• Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 4: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the progressive accumulation of certain chemicals (lipopigments) in body tissues due to deficiency of an enzyme (palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1) needed to process it.
• Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 6, late infantile: A rare metabolic disorder that affects the nerve cells of the body and is characterized by the deposits of lipopigments (lipofuscin). Type 6 usually occurs between the ages of 2 to 6 years. Type 6 is distinguished from other types by the origin of the genetic defect.
• Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 8: A rare metabolic disorder that affects the nerve cells of the body and is characterized by the deposits of lipopigments (lipofuscin). Type 8 is distinguished from other types by the origin of the genetic defect.
• Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 8, northern epilepsy variant: A rare metabolic disorder that affects the nerve cells of the body and is characterized by the deposits of lipopigments (lipofuscin). Type 8, northern epilepsy variant is distinguished from other types by the origin of the genetic defect. Mental retardation tended to occur by middle age despite normal development during the first few years of life.
• Chaetophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of hair.
• Changes in intellectual functioning: decreased mental acuity
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, X-linked recessive, 4: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 4X is an inherited defect of the X chromosome and affects males to a greater degree than females and also involves mental retardation and deafness.
• Chat room addiction: Chat room addiction refers to the excessive amounts of time spent on computer chat rooms. When the person attempts to reduce the amount of time spent on the activity they suffer withdrawal symptoms such as irritability and anxiety. The preoccupation can cause problems with relationships and even with work performance.
• Cheimatophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of cold.
• Chemical allergy: A chemical allergy refers to an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients depending on the type and duration of the exposure and individual response.
• Chemical poisoning - 1,3-Butadiene: 1,3-Butadiene is a chemical used in crop fungicides, carpet backing, paper coating and foams. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - 2,4-Dinitrotoluene: 2,4-Dinitrotoluene is a chemical used the production of explosives, vehicle air bags and polyurethane polymers. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - 4,4-Methylenebis: 4,4-Methylenebis is a chemical used in the manufacture of epoxy resins, belt drives, gun mounts, shoe laces and various other manufactured goods. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - 4-Aminopyridine: 4-Aminopyridine is a pesticide used mainly to control bird pests. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Acetylsalicylic Acid: Acetylsalicylic Acid is also known as aspirin and is primarily used to relieve pain, fever and inflammation. Excessive exposure to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Acrylamide: Acrylamide is a chemical used mainly in the treatment of waste water, grout agent, paper strengthening agent and adhesive agents. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Acrylonitrile: Acrylonitrile is a chemical used mainly in the production of acrylic and modacrylic fibers but also in the production of certain plastics, nylon dyes, drugs and pesticides. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Adiponitrile: Adiponitrile is a chemical used mainly in the production of hexamethylene diamine which in turn is used mainly to produce nylon. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Aldicarb: Aldicarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide, nematicide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Amidithion: Amidithion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Amiton: Amiton is a chemical once used as an insecticide and acaricide - it is no longer in use due to its nerve toxicity. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Amitraz: Amitraz is a chemical used mainly as a topical parasitic preventative in livestock and fruit trees. It is also used as an insect repellant and a prevention of mite infestation. The chemical is readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Amitrole: Amitrole is a herbicide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Ammonium Sulfamate: Ammonium Sulfamate is a chemical used mainly in herbicides, fertilizers and. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Aniline: Aniline is a chemical used mainly in the manufacture of perfumes, varnishes, resins, dyes, paint removers, herbicides, fungicides, explosives, solvents and photographic chemicals. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Athyl-Gusathion: Athyl-Gusathion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Azinfos-methyl: Azinfos-methyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Azinfosethyl: Azinfosethyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Azinophos-methyl: Azinophos-methyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Azinphos: Azinphos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Azinphos-ethyl: Azinphos-ethyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Azinphos-methyl: Azinphos-methyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Azinphosmetile: Azinphosmetile is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Azothoate: Azothoate is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Baking soda: Baking soda is generally considered non toxic and is used in cooking. However, excessive doses can cause various symptoms.
• Chemical poisoning - Benoxafos: Benoxafos is a chemical pesticide used as an acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Benzene: Benzene is a chemical used mainly in gasoline fuel and as an industrial solvent. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Benzyl Chloride: Benzyl Chloride is a chemical used mainly in the manufacture of products such as dyes, plastics, tannins, perfumes,. Fuel additives, resins, germicides, rubbers, perfumes photographic developers, wetting agents, drugs and pharmaceuticals. It is also used to produce other chemicals such as benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Borates: Borate is a chemical used in a wide variety of products - herbicides, paints, insecticides, rodenticides and various personal products such as skin creams, toothpastes and powders. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Boric Acid: Boric Acid is a chemical used mainly in foods (preservative, emulsifier, neutralizer), antiseptics, pesticides and contact lens cleaners. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. Application of boric acid directly to damaged skin can cause the chemical to be absorbed rapidly into the body and lead to death. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Bromethalin: Bromethalin is a chemical used mainly in rodenticides. The chemical is toxic to the human nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Bromide: Bromide is a chemical used for many applications - flame retardant, industrial uses, pesticides, sanitary products, fumigants, medicines, dyes, photographic solutions and water purification. Bromides act as central nervous system depressants and the ingestion of excessive quantities can cause serious symptoms. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Bromophos: Bromophos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Bromophos-ethyl: Bromophos-ethyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Butyl Alcohol: Butyl alcohol is a chemical used mainly in solvents and in pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Cadusafos: Cadusafos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and nematicide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Camphor: Camphor is a chemical used mainly in moth repellents, pharmaceuticals (preservative) cosmetics, explosives, varnishes and various therapeutic applications. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Carbaryl: Carbaryl is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Carbon Disulfide: Carbon Disulfide is a chemical used mainly in corrosion inhibitors, cold and nickel plating, photography applications and as a solvent in gums and resins. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Carbon Tetrachloride: Carbon tetrachloride is a chemical used mainly in grain fumigants, insecticides and in the production of fluorocarbons. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical is readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Carbophenothion: Carbophenothion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Chloralose: Chloralose is a chemical used mainly in poisons for rodents and crows . Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Chlordane: Chlordane is a poison use to control termites - is banned in the US and many other countries due to its harmful effects. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical is readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Chlordecone: Chlordecone is an insecticide used to control pests in crops such as bananas and tobacco. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical may be readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Chlorfenvinphos: Chlorfenvinphos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Chloromethane: Chloromethane is a chemical used mainly in the production of silicones as well as agricultural chemicals, butyl rubber and other products. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical is readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Chloropicrin: Chloropicrin is a chemical used mainly in fumigants for grain storage. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Chloropyrifos: Chloropyrifos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide, nematicide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Chlorpyrifos: Chlorpyrifos is a chemical used mainly in as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical may be absorbed readily through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Chlorpyrifos methyl: Chlorpyrifos methyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Cologne: Colognes contain chemicals such as ethanol and isopropanol which can cause symptoms if ingested or inhaled in excessive quantities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Coumaphos: Coumaphos is used as a pesticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical may be absorbed readily through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Cresols: Cresols are a group of chemicals that occur naturally in mammals and various plants. It is also manufactured and used in the production of disinfectants, deodorizers and pesticides. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical is readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Cresylic acid: Cresylic acids are a group of chemicals that are used as solvents and in the manufacture of various products such as deodorants, disinfectants, pesticides, glues, paints, herbicides, pharmaceuticals as well as others. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical is readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Cyanthoate: Cyanthoate is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Cyclohexanone: Cyclohexanone is a chemical used mainly as an industrial solvent, in processes involving oxidative reactions and in the manufacture of certain resins, nylons, insecticides, herbicides, paints, varnish, polishes, degreasers and pharmaceuticals. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - DDD: DDD is a chemical used mainly as a pesticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical may be readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - DDT: DDT is a chemical used mainly as a pesticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical may be readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Demeton: Demeton-S is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Demeton-O: Demeton-O is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Demeton-O-methyl: Demeton-O-methyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Demeton-S-methyl: Demeton-S-methyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Demeton-S-methylsulphon: Demeton-S-methylsulphon is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Demeton-methyl: Demeton-methyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Dialifos: Dialifos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Diazinon: Diazinon is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Dibromochloromethane: Dibromochloromethane is a chemical byproduct of water chlorination processes. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Dichlorvos: Dichlorvos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Dicrotophos: Dicrotophos is a toxic insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Dieldrin: Dieldrin is a chemical used mainly to prevent termite infestations. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. This chemical may be absorbed readily through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Diethylene Glycol: Diethylene Glycol is a chemical used mainly in coolants, manufacture of plastic products and resins as well as other uses. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Dimethoate: Dimethoate is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide, nematicide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Dinitrocresol: Dinitrocresol is a chemical used mainly as a herbicide and fungicide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Dioxathion: Dioxathion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Disulfiram: Disulfiram is a drug used mainly to manage alcoholism. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Disulfoton: Disulfoton is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Endosulfan: Endosulfan is a chemical used mainly as a crop pesticide and wood preservative. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical may be readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Endothion: Endothion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Ethion: Ethion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Ethoate-methyl: Ethoate-methyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Ethoprophos: Ethoprophos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Ethyl-guthion: Azinphos-ethyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Ethylamine: Ethylamine is a chemical used mainly in the manufacture of dyes, rayon, rocket propellant, as a fuel additive and in leather-tanning and cellulose treatment. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Ethylbenzene: Ethylbenzene is a chemical used mainly in paint thinners, fuels, asphalt, degreasers, manufacture of various as products and as a solvent. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Ethylene Glycol: Ethylene Glycol is a chemical used mainly in antifreeze, coolants and as a solvent. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. Symptoms tend to occur in three phases: the first 12 hours involves inebriation, seizuresand brain swelling; the second and third day involves deterioration of lung and heart function and the third stage involves kidney damage and possibly failure. Death can occur during any of the stages.
• Chemical poisoning - Ethylene Glycol Dinitrate: Ethylene Glycol Dinitrate is a chemical used mainly in the manufacture of commercial dynamite and blasting gelatin. The chemical may be absorbed readily through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Etrimfos: Etrimfos is a chemical insecticide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Fenchlorphos: Fenchlorphos is a chemical insecticide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Fenitrothion: Fenitrothion is a chemical insecticide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Fensulfothion: Fensulfothion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and nematicide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Fenthion: Fenthion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and avicide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Fonophos: Fonophos is a chemical insecticide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Formothion: Formothion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Gasoline: Gasoline is a chemical used as a fuel for combustion engines. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Glaze: Glazes are used to put a shiny finish on various surfaces such as pottery. Glazes contain chemicals such as lead and zinc oxide which can cause serious symptoms if sufficient quantities are eaten. The chemicals cause damage to the gastrointestinal lining and the damage may continue for weeks after the poison was ingested. Death can result in severe cases. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Glycol Ether: Glycol Ether is a chemical used mainly in nail polish removers, products to treat leather, anti-icing agents and as an industrial solvent. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Guthion (ethyl): Guthion (ethyl) is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Heptenophos: Heptenophos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - High Melting Explosive (HMX): High Melting Explosive (HMX) is a chemical used mainly in plastic explosives and rocket fuel propellant. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Hydrazine: Hydrazine is a chemical used mainly in rocket fuel, photography, laboratory chemical, corrosion inhibitor, mirror silvering and in the production of pharmaceuticals and pesticides. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Hydrogen Sulfide: Hydrogen Sulfide is a chemical that can be used in production processes (paper, tanneries, sulfide ores) or it may be a byproduct of certain industries. It is also found naturally in sewers and manure. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Hydroquinone: Hydroquinone is a chemical used mainly in photography developing solution, pharmaceuticals, fur processing, paints, fuel, organic chemicals, plastics, stone coatings and styrene monomers. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Iodofenphos: Iodofenphos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Isofenphos: Isofenphos is an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Jet Fuel-4: Jet Fuel-4 is an aviation turbine fuel used by the US military. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Jet Fuel-5: Jet Fuel-5 is an aviation turbine fuel used by the US military. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Kerosene: Kerosene is a chemical used mainly in paints, pesticides, lighter fluid, illuminating fuel and heating. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Lead-containing Paint: Lead pain contains lead as well as other harmful chemicals. The lead in the pain is toxic (especially to young children) and ingesting fresh or old paint can cause serious symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Lysergic Acid Diethylamide is a hallucinogenic drug which is often misused. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Malathion: Malathion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Manganese: Manganese is a chemical used mainly in fertilizers, welding rods, matches, electrical coils, ceramics and animal food additives. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Mecarbam: Mecarbam is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Metaldehyde: Metaldehyde is a chemical used mainly as a molluscicide, in heating fuel and in fire lighters. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Methacrifos: Methacrifos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Methacrylate: Methacrylate is a chemical used mainly in plastics, adhesives and bone cements. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Methamidophos: Methamidophos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Methanol: Methanol is a chemical used mainly in fuel, paint removers, solvent, antifreeze and in the production process of many other products. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Methidathion: Methidathion is a chemical insecticide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Methiocarb: Methiocarb is a toxic pesticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Methomyl: Methomyl is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Methyl Bromide: Methyl Bromide is a chemical used mainly in insecticides, fire extinguishers, wool degreasers and oil extraction. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Metiltriazotion: Metiltriazotion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Metobromuron: Metobromuron is a chemical used mainly as a herbicide. The chemical is generally considered toxic only if large amounts are consumed. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Mevinphos: Mevinphos is a chemical insecticide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Monocrotophos: Monocrotophos is a chemical insecticide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - N,N-Dimethyl-P-Toluidine: N,N-Dimethyl-P-Toluidine is a chemical used mainly in artificial nail solutions. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Naphthalene: Naphthalene is a chemical used mainly as a moth repellant, toilet deodorizer and the manufacture of other chemicals. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Nickel Carbonyl: Nickel Carbonyl is a chemical used mainly in petroleum and rubber production and in electroplating. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Nitrobenzene: Nitrobenzene is a chemical used mainly in floor polish, shoe dyes, soaps and the production of other chemicals such as cellulose ether and acetaminophen. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Nitroglycerin: Nitroglycerin is a chemical used mainly in the manufacture of explosives, dynamite, rocket propellant and smokeless powders. The chemical is readily absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Nitrophenol: Nitrophenol is a chemical used mainly in the production of dyes and pigments and also in fungicides and laboratory chemicals. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Nitrophenol Urea: Nitrophenol Urea is a pesticide. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Nitrotoluene: Nitrotoluene is a chemical used mainly in industrial applications for the production of things such as agricultural chemicals, explosives, rubber chemicals, sulfur dyes and azo dyes. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Oil-based paint: Oil-based paint contains various chemicals which can cause serious symptoms if sufficient quantities are swallowed or if other types of exposure occurs. These paint contain toxic hydrocarbons as well as various other heavy metals depending on the type of paint. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Omethoate: Omethoate is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Oxydeprofos: Oxydeprofos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Oxydisulfoton: Oxydisulfoton is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Parathion: Parathion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Parathion Methyl: Parathion Methyl is a chemical insecticide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Pentaborane: Pentaborane is a chemical used mainly as a fuel additive, reducing agent and rocket propellant. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Phencyclidine: Phencyclidine is often used as an illegal recreational drug. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Phenkapton: Phenkapton is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Phorate: Phorate is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide, nematicide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Phosalone: Phosalone is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Phosdrin: Phosdrin is a toxic pesticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Phosmet: Phosmet is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Phosphamidon: Phosphamidon is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and nematicide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Phosphine: Phosphine is a chemical used mainly in pesticides and rodenticides. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Phoxim: Phoxim is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Pirimiphos-methyl: Pirimiphos-methyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Primiphos methyl: Primiphos methyl is a chemical insecticide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Profenofos: Profenofos is a toxic pesticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Propane: Propane is a chemical used mainly in fuels and as a solvent. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Propoxur: Propoxur is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Propylene Glycol Dinitrate: Propylene Glycol Dinitrate is a chemical used mainly as a propellant or occasionally in explosives. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Prothidathion: Prothidathion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Prothoate: Prothoate is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Pyrimitate: Pyrimitate is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Quinalphos: Quinalphos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Quintiofos: Quintiofos is a chemical pesticide used as an acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Selenium Dioxide: Selenium Dioxide is a chemical used mainly in gun bluing solutions. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Sodium Monofluoroacetate: Sodium Monofluoroacetate is a chemical used mainly as a rodenticides, often to control mammal pests in crops. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Solder: Solder contains various chemicals and heavy metals which can cause serious symptoms if sufficient quantities are swallowed. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Sophamide: Sophamide is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Strychnine: Strychnine is used as a rodenticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Sulfotep: Sulfotep is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Terbufos: Terbufos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and nematicide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Tetrachloroethane: Tetrachloroethane is a chemical used mainly as a dry cleaning solvent but is also used as a degreaser and in paint strippers and spot removers. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Tetrachloroethylene: Tetrachloroethylene is a chemical used mainly as a fabric dry cleaner, degreaser, worming treatment for animals and in the manufacture of freons. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate: Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate is a toxic pesticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Thallium: Thallium is an element used for such things as electronic devices, selenium rectifiers, gamma radiation detection apparatus, transmission equipment and infrared radiation detection. It is also used as a catalyst in various manufacturing processes. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Thallium Sulfate: Thallium Sulfate is a chemical used mainly in the manufacture of switches and closures in the semiconductor industry. It has historically also been used as a rodenticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Thiometon: Thiometon is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Thiram: Thiram is a chemical used mainly in the rubber industry, latex manufacture and as a pesticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Tolclofos methyl: Tolclofos methyl is a chemical insecticide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Toluene: Toluene is a chemical used mainly in pesticides, degreasers, glues and pain removers. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Triazophos: Triazophos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide, nematicide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Triazotion: Triazotion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Trichlorfon: Trichlorfon is an insecticide used mostly in crops. It is considered motderately toxic to humans. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Trichloroethane: Trichloroethane is a chemical used mainly as an industrial solvent but also in inks and lubricants. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Trifenfos: Trifenfos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Vamidothion: Vamidothion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Xylene: Xylene is a chemical used mainly in pesticides and in the manufacture of glue, paint, paper, rubber, pharmaceuticals and polymers. It is also used as a solvent and clarifier for microscopic tissue examinations in laboratories. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Cherophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of gaiety.
• Cherry laurel seed poisoning: Wild cherry seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the seed remains intact and therefore poisoning usually occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual. Wild cherry plants grow mainly in eastern Europe, Western Asia and Britain.
• Cherry seed poisoning: Cherry seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the seed remains intact and therefore poisoning usually only occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual.
• Chiari Malformation: Protrusion of the brain down the spinal column.
• Chicken soup poisoning: The consumption of excessive amounts of chicken soup can result in serious symptoms due to very high salt levels in the body. Children and the elderly are more likely to be affected by the high salt levels of chicken soup however the condition is rarely seen. Chicken soup is often promoted as useful for treating colds, asthma or emaciation.
• Chickenpox - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that the development of Chickenpox during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Childhood disintegrative disorder: A rare disorder where a period of normal development (a couple of years) is followed by delays in the development of motor, social and language skills. Previously acquired skills are lost.
• Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia: A rare early-onset form of the mental disorder called schizophrenia. Symptoms start before the age of thirteen. Symptoms usually start gradually and are often preceded by slow motor, speech and language development.
• Childhood-onset bipolar disorder: Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness characterized by recurrent episodes of depression, mania, and/or mixed symptom states. These episodes cause unusual and extreme shifts in mood, energy, and behavior that interfere significantly with normal, healthy functioning.
• Childhood-onset cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: A rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of the protective sheath around nerves resulting in increasing difficulty. The childhood cerebral form of the condition is the most severe.
• Chinophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of snow.
• Chitayat-Moore-Del Bigio syndrome: A rare birth disorder characterized mainly by brain abnormalities, large head and facial anomalies.
• Chitty Hall Baraitser syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by short stature (due to abnormal development of ends of thigh bones), deafness, blocked tear ducts and thing bone abnormalities.
• Chitty-Hall-Webb syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by fractures, bowed shin bones, abnormal forearm bone (radius) and reduced bone mass.
• Chloramphenicol-induced Sideroblastic anemia: Chloramphenicol-induced sideroblastic anemia is a blood disorder caused by taking a drug called chloramphenicol. The body has sufficient iron levels but is unable to utilise it properly in red blood cells. The iron becomes abnormally deposited in red blood cells which make them unable to function properly.
• Chokecherry seed poisoning: Chokecherry seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the seed remains intact and therefore poisoning usually occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual. Chokecherry plants grow mainly in Northern America.
• Cholerophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of cholera.
• Cholestasis: A condition where bile formation or flow is reduced.
• Cholestasis disease of pregnancy: A liver condition that can occur usually in the last stage of pregnancy. The flow of bile in the gallbladder or liver is impaired by the high levels of pregnancy hormones. The bile acids build up in the organs and then enter the bloodstream. The main symptom is usually itching. Symptoms usually resolve after delivering the baby. Risk factors includes existing liver condition, multiple pregnancy and a family history of the condition.
• Chondrodysplasia - disorder of sex development: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by severe dwarfism, abnormal bone development and central nervous system and eye problems.
• Chondrodysplasia - pseudohermaphrodism: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by severe dwarfism, abnormal bone development and central nervous system and eye problems.
• Chondrodysplasia Punctata, Rhizomelic type: A rare genetic disorder characterized by slow growth, mental deficiency, characteristic facial features and skeletal deformities particularly of the limbs, spine and pelvis.
• Chondrodysplasia punctata: An inherited skeletal abnormality where bone calcifications near joints and other disorders result in growth retardation, short limbs, cataracts and an abnormal nose shape. Also called chondrodystrophia calcificans congenital or congenital stippled epiphyses.
• Chondrodysplasia punctata with steroid sulfatase deficiency: A genetic skeletal and skin disorder involving a deficiency of steroid sulfatase. The skin condition is characterized by large brownish scales which can occur almost anywhere on the skin and can be disfiguring. The face, scalp, palms and soles are usually not involved. The skeletal disorder involves abnormal bone calcification near the joints also results in shortened limbs.
• Chondrodysplasia punctata, non rhizomelic type: A group of inherited disorder affecting the skeleton, skin, eyes and mental function. The disorders are characterized mainly by stippled epiphyses (abnormal calcification near joints) during infancy. The non-rhizomelic forms tend to be milder, with minimal or no upper limb shortening. The Joints in the ends of the arms and legs tend to be more affected. Some of the specific disorders in this group are Conradi-Hunermann disease, Happle's chondrodysplasia and brachytelephalagnic chondrodysplasia punctata. The range of symptoms and severity may vary between disorders.
• Choreoacanthocytosis amyotrophic: A rare inherited disease involving neurological degeneration and abnormal red blood cell shape. The disorder progresses slowly and causes involuntary movements, loss of cognitive ability, behavioral changes and seizures.
• Chorioretinopathy dominant form - microcephaly: A rare inherited disorder characterized by a small head, mental retardation and a degenerative eye condition.
• Choroid Plexus neoplasms: A rare type of brain tumor that originates in the choroids plexus. The choroids plexus is located inside a space in the brain called the ventricles and produces cerebrospinal fluid. Symptoms are determined by the size, type and exact location of the tumor.
• Choroideremia: A rare, inherited, progressive eye disease that causes degeneration of the retina and blindness. The disease usually only affects males.
• Choroido cerebral calcification syndrome infantile form: A rare syndrome characterized by abnormal calcification in part of the brain and mental retardation.
• Chrematophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of wealth.
• Christian-Demyer-Franken syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and skeletal abnormalities.
• Christmas Cherry poisoning: The Christmas Cherry is a small reddish-orange fruit. The plant contains a compound called solanocapsine which can cause symptoms if excessive amounts are consumed. The compound is found in all parts of the plant - especially the leaves and unripe fruit. Very large amounts would need to be consumed to cause symptoms due to the low toxicity of the compound.
• Christmas Rose poisoning: The Christmas Rose plant contains proteoanemonin which can cause blisters and saponins which can cause irritation. The plant is found mainly in Europe. All parts of the plant are poisonous.
• Chrometophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of money.
• Chromophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of colors.
• Chromosome 1 ring: A rare chromosomal disorder where the ends of chromosome 1 are deleted and the chromosome rejoins to form a ring. The disorder is characterized by mental and physical development delay, short stature and low birth weight.
• Chromosome 1, 1p36 deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where deletion of a portion of chromosome 1 causes various abnormalities such as heart problems, mental retardation, developmental delay, facial dysmorphism and short stature. The symptoms are variable depending on the exact location of chromosomal deletion.
• Chromosome 1, deletion q21 q25: A rare chromosomal disorder where deletion of a portion of chromosome 1 causes various abnormalities such as retarded fetal growth, osteoporosis, facial anomalies and hearing loss.
• Chromosome 1, monosomy 1p22 p13: A rare chromosomal disorder where deletion of a portion of chromosome 1 causes various abnormalities such as mental retardation, short stature, hearing loss and hand defects.
• Chromosome 1, monosomy 1p31 p22: A rare chromosomal disorder where deletion of a portion of chromosome 1 causes various abnormalities such as mental retardation, missing teeth and small eyes and jaw.
• Chromosome 1, monosomy 1p32: A rare chromosomal disorder where deletion of a portion of chromosome 1 causes various abnormalities such as mental retardation, clubfoot an umbilical hernia.
• Chromosome 1, monosomy 1p34 p32: A rare chromosomal disorder where deletion of a portion of chromosome 1 causes various abnormalities such as mental retardation, fingernail anomalies and testicular problems.
• Chromosome 1, monosomy 1q25 q32: A rare chromosomal disorder where deletion of a portion of chromosome 1 causes various abnormalities such as digital defects, facial dysmorphism, retarded growth, mental retardation and spasticity.
• Chromosome 1, monosomy 1q4: A rare chromosomal disorder where deletion of a portion of chromosome 1 causes various abnormalities such as facial dysmorphism, retarded fetal growth, seizures, mental retardation, testicular problems and kidney defects.
• Chromosome 1, pter-p36: A very rare chromosomal disorder where the end portion of the short arm of chromosome 1 is missing. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Chromosome 1, trisomy 1q32 qter: A rare chromosomal disorder where duplication of a portion of chromosome 1 causes various abnormalities such as retarded fetal growth, facial anomalies, mental retardation, stillbirth, heart defects and finger and toe abnormalities.
• Chromosome 1, trisomy 1q42 qter: A rare chromosomal disorder where duplication of a portion of chromosome 1 causes various abnormalities such as clubfoot, poor muscle tone, neurological dysfunction, short stature, mental retardation and narrowing of the pulmonary arteries and valves.
• Chromosome 1, uniparental disomy 1q12 q21: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 1 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 10 ring syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 10 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 10p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is a deletion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 10 resulting in variable abnormalities.
• Chromosome 10p duplication/10q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a section of the short arm (p) of chromosome 10 is duplicated and a section of the long arm (q) of chromosome 10 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 11, Partial Trisomy 11q: A very rare genetic disorder caused by a duplication of part of chromosome 11q. The characteristic symptoms of the disorder are delayed growth before and after birth, mental retardation (varying severity) and skull and facial defects. The type and severity of symptoms that can occur are variable.
• Chromosome 11, deletion 11p: A syndrome that is caused by the deletion of short arm (p) of chromosome 11. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 11p, partial deletion: A rare genetic syndrome caused by the deletion of part of the genetic material in the short arm of chromosome 11. The type and severity of symptoms may vary depending on the exact size and location of the genetic material that is missing. The genetic abnormality is often associated with Wilms' tumor and aniridia (complete or partial absence of the iris of the eye).
• Chromosome 11q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the long arm (q) of chromosome 11 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms depend on the amount and location of genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 11q partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 11 is missing and is characterized by trigonencephaly, heart defects and a large, carp-shaped mouth.
• Chromosome 12 ring syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 12 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 12 trisomy: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 12, Isochromosome 12p Mosaic: A very rare disorder genetic disorder involving abnormalities in chromosome 12. The severity of symptoms is variable and tends to include a wide range of defects and abnormalities.
• Chromosome 12, trisomy 12q: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the long arm (q) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. In most cases, death occurs during infancy. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is duplicated.
• Chromosome 12p deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is a deletion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 12 resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 12p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is a deletion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 12 resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 12p partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is a deletion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 12 resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 12p tetrasomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are four copies of the short arm (p) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 12q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the long arm (q) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. In most cases, death occurs during infancy.
• Chromosome 13p duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder where duplication of a portion of chromosome 13 causes various abnormalities such as mental retardation, short stature, facial dysmorphism, delayed puberty and heart defects.
• Chromosome 13q deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 13 is deleted resulting in various physical, neurological and developmental abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of the deleted genetic material.
• Chromosome 13q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 13 is deleted resulting in various physical, neurological and developmental abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of the deleted genetic material.
• Chromosome 13q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 13 is duplicated resulting in various physical, neurological and developmental abnormalities.
• Chromosome 14 Ring: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 14 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing. The disorder is characterized by growth and mental retardation and characteristic facial features.
• Chromosome 14 deletion: A rare genetic disorder where deletion genetic material from chromosome 14 causes various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the size and location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 14 trisomy: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of genetic material from chromosome 14 resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is duplicated.
• Chromosome 14 trisomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of genetic material from chromosome 14 resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 14 uniparental disomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where two homologues are obtained from one parent.
• Chromosome 14, trisomy mosaic: A rare chromosomal disorder characterized by retarded growth before and after birth, mental retardation, developmental delay and various physical abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms may vary between patients.
• Chromosome 14q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the long arm (q) of chromosome 14 resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 14q, proximal duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder where duplication of a portion of chromosome 14 causes various abnormalities such as facial dysmorphism, limb abnormalities, mental retardation and short stature.
• Chromosome 14q, terminal deletion: A very rare syndrome caused by a deletion of a part of the material on chromosome 14 and resulting in various abnormalities such as mental retardation and short fingers.
• Chromosome 14q, terminal duplication: A very rare syndrome caused by a duplication of a part of the material on chromosome 14 and resulting in various abnormalities such as retarded growth, hearing loss and mental retardation.
• Chromosome 15 Ring: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 15 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 15 inverted duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an duplicated section of chromosome 15 which is reversed end-to-end resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 15 trisomy: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from chromosome 15.
• Chromosome 15, distal trisomy 15q: A very rare chromosomal disorder where the end part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 15 occurs three times in each cell instead of two. Symptoms and severity depend on the size of the chromosomal portion that is duplicated.
• Chromosome 15q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 15. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 15q tetrasomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are four copies of a portion of the long arm of chromosome 15 instead of the normal two resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 15q triplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of a part of the long arm of chromosome 15 resulting in various anomalies.
• Chromosome 15q, deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 15.
• Chromosome 15q, partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 15. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the deleted genetic material.
• Chromosome 15q, tetrasomy: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are four copies of a portion of the long arm of chromosome 15 instead of the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is involved.
• Chromosome 15q, trisomy: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 15. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome: A genetic disorder characterized by the deletion of a small portion of genetic material at the chromosomal location of 15q13.3. A rare syndrome characterized mainly by seizures, mental retardation, and slightly unusual facial features.
• Chromosome 16p, partial duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the short arm of chromosome 16. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 16q, partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the lost genetic material.
• Chromosome 17 deletion: A rare genetic disorder where deletion genetic material from chromosome 17 causes various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the size and location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 17 ring: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 17 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 17 trisomy: A rare genetic disorder where duplication of genetic material from chromosome 17 causes various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the size and location of the genetic material that is duplicated.
• Chromosome 17 trisomy mosaicism: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of chromosome 17 in some of the body's cells. The type of symptoms and severity is determined by the number of cells that have the three copies. Some cases have no obvious symptoms.
• Chromosome 17, deletion 17q23 q24: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the lost genetic material.
• Chromosome 17, trisomy 17p11.2: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm of chromosome 17 is duplicated.
• Chromosome 17p, partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the short arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the lost genetic material.
• Chromosome 17p, partial duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the short arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 17q, partial duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 18 Ring: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 18 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 18 deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 18 is missing.
• Chromosome 18, Tetrasomy 18p: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are four copies of short arm of chromosome 18 instead of the normal two which results in various genital, kidney, digital, head and face abnormalities.
• Chromosome 18, deletion 18q23: A very rare syndrome caused by a deletion of a part of the material on chromosome 18 and resulting in various abnormalities such as retarded growth, hearing loss and mental retardation. The abnormalities vary from patient to patient.
• Chromosome 18, trisomy 18q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 18. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 18q, partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 18. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the lost genetic material.
• Chromosome 19 ring syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 19 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 19p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the short arm of chromosome 19 is duplicated resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 19q, partial duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm of chromosome is triplicated. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the size of the duplicated genetic portion.
• Chromosome 1p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 1 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 1p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 1 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two.
• Chromosome 1q deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 1 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 1q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 1 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 2 trisomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of chromosome 2 instead of the normal two.
• Chromosome 2, monosomy 2p22: A rare chromosomal disorder where deletion of a portion of chromosome 2 causes various abnormalities such as deafness, intestinal problems, mental retardation and speech defects.
• Chromosome 2, monosomy 2pter p24: A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 2 is deleted resulting in a range of birth defects and abnormalities.
• Chromosome 2, monosomy 2q: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 2, monosomy 2q24: A genetic disorder characterized by the deletion of a portion of the long arm of chromosome 2.
• Chromosome 2, monosomy 2q37: A very rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the long arm of chromosome 2 is missing which results in various birth defects and abnormalities. The features of the disorder are determined by the exact size and location of the deletion.
• Chromosome 2, trisomy 2p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 2 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two.
• Chromosome 2, trisomy 2q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 20 ring: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 20 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 20, deletion 20p: A rare chromosomal disorder where the short arm (p) of chromosome 20 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 20p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the short arm (p) of chromosome 20 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 20p, partial duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder where a copy of the short arm of chromosome 20 has been triplicated instead of duplicated resulting in various anomalies.
• Chromosome 21 Ring: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 21 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 21 monosomy: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is only one copy of chromosome 21 instead of the normal two leading to various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 21, tetrasomy 21q: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is four copies of the long arm of chromosome 21 instead of the normal two which results in various physical and mental anomalies.
• Chromosome 21q deletion syndrome: A rare genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 21 is missing. The symptoms or severity may vary somewhat between patients.
• Chromosome 21q, partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm of chromosome 21 is deleted.
• Chromosome 22 Ring: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 22 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 22 monosomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is only one copy of chromosome 22 in the body cells instead of two which results in various physical and mental abnormalities.
• Chromosome 22 suprenumerary marker: A rare chromosomal disorder involving structural abnormalities of chromosome 22 and are more prevalent in children born to older mothers.
• Chromosome 22 trisomy mosaic: A rare chromosomal disorder where three copies of chromosome 22 are present in some of the body's cells instead of the normal two. Severity of symptoms is determined by how many cells have the extra chromosomal material.
• Chromosome 22, microdeletion 22q11: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm of chromosome 22 is deleted.
• Chromosome 22q deletion: A rare genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 22 is missing. The symptoms or severity may vary somewhat between patients.
• Chromosome 22q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm of chromosome 22 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 22q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm of chromosome 22 is duplicated.
• Chromosome 22q11 deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where a small piece of genetic material is missing from chromosome 22 at the q11 location.
• Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A rare genetic disorder caused by the absence of a small portion of genetic material. A small section of chromosome 22 is missing at a location called q11.2. Chromosome 22 is one of 23 pairs of chromosomes that exist in humans.
• Chromosome 22q11.2 microduplication: A rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the chromosome 22 genetic material at the q11.2 location is duplicated resulting in various anomalies ranging from mild to severe amongst different patients.
• Chromosome 2p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 2 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 2p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 2 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two.
• Chromosome 2q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 3, Trisomy 3q2: A rare chromosomal disorder involving the duplication of a portion of the long arm of chromosome 3. The symptoms are determined by the size and exact location of the duplicated portion.
• Chromosome 3, monosomy 3p25: A rare chromosomal disorder characterized by mental retardation, short stature, deafness, extra digits, facial anomalies and various other abnormalities.
• Chromosome 3, trisomy 3p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 3 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two.
• Chromosome 3, trisomy 3q13 2 q25: A rare chromosomal disorder characterized by various abnormalities including hearing loss, mental retardation, short stature, obesity and uterine and facial anomalies.
• Chromosome 3q29 microduplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a small portion of chromosome 3 is duplicated. The main features are mental retardation and some minor facial anomalies.
• Chromosome 4 ring syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the ends of chromosome 4 have been deleted and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring shape resulting in a range of symptoms determined by the size and location of the genetic deletion.
• Chromosome 4 short arm deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 4 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 4, Monosomy 4q: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (q) of chromosome 4 is missing resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 4, Monosomy Distal 4q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving a deletion of the end portion of the long arm of chromosome 4. The symptoms are determined by the size and exact location of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 4, monosomy 4p14 p16: A rare chromosomal disorder characterized by various abnormalities including muscle problems, tall stature, mental retardation and hand and facial anomalies.
• Chromosome 4, partial trisomy distal 4q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving the duplication of the end portion of the long arm of chromosome 4. The symptoms are determined by the size and exact location of the duplicated portion.
• Chromosome 4, trisomy 4p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome four is duplicated so there is three copies of it instead of the normal two.
• Chromosome 4, trisomy 4q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 4 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 4p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 4 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 4q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 4 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 5, Trisomy 5p: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of all or part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 5 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 5, trisomy 5pter p13 3: A rare chromosomal disorder characterized by cortico-adrenal hypoplasia, mental retardation, seizures and a blood abnormality.
• Chromosome 5, trisomy 5q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 5 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 5p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of all or part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 5 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 5p tetrasomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are four copies of the short arm (p) of chromosome 5 rather than the normal two copies.
• Chromosome 5q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 5 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 6 ring syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the ends of chromosome 6 have been deleted and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring shape resulting in a range of symptoms determined by the size of the genetic deletion.
• Chromosome 6, monosomy 6p23: A very rare chromosomal disorder characterized by various abnormalities including mental retardation, facial, finger and toe anomalies as well as heart, skeletal and neurological problems.
• Chromosome 6, monosomy 6q: A rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities depending on the location and length of missing genetic material.
• Chromosome 6, monosomy 6q1: A rare chromosomal disorder involving the deletion of a portion of the long arm of chromosome 6.
• Chromosome 6, partial trisomy 6q: Partial Trisomy 6q is a very rare genetic disorder where there are three copies of a portion of chromosome 6 in the cells of the body instead of the normal two. The range and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Chromosome 6, trisomy 6p: A very rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 6 is duplicated resulting in various abnormalities depending on the location and length of missing genetic material.
• Chromosome 6, trisomy 6q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 6p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 6 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 6q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities depending on the location and length of missing genetic material.
• Chromosome 6q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 7 ring syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the ends of chromosome 7 have been deleted and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring shape resulting in a range of symptoms determined by the size of the genetic deletion.
• Chromosome 7, Partial Deletion of Short Arm: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 7 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size and location of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 7, monosomy 7q21: A rare chromosomal disorder characterized by mental retardation, short stature, facial anomalies and muscle and distal limb abnormalities.
• Chromosome 7, monosomy 7q3: A very rare chromosomal disorder involving a deletion of material from chromosome 7 at a location known as q3 which results in a wide range of abnormalities.
• Chromosome 7, partial monosomy 7p: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 7 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size and location of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 7, trisomy 7p: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of all or part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 7 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 7, trisomy 7p13 p12 2: A rare chromosomal disorder where duplication of a portion of chromosome 7 causes various abnormalities such as short stature and mental retardation.
• Chromosome 7, trisomy 7q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 7 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 7p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 7 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 7p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of all or part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 7 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 7q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 7 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 8 deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is only one copy of the genetic material of part of chromosome 8 rather than the normal two which results in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is missing.
• Chromosome 8 recombinant syndrome: A rare recombinant chromosomal disorder involving chromosome 8 which results in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 8 ring: A rare chromosomal disorder involving chromosome 8 which causes various abnormalities such as mental retardation, ureter anomalies, finger defects and facial dysmorphism.
• Chromosome 8 trisomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of chromosome 8 rather than the normal two which results in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 8, Monosomy 8p2: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is one copy of part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 8 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material deleted.
• Chromosome 8, monosomy 8p: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the short arm (p) of chromosome 8 resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 8, monosomy 8p23.1: A rare chromosomal disorder involving the deletion of a portion of the short arm of chromosome 8. The symptoms are determined by the size and exact location of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 8, monosomy 8q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 8, mosaic trisomy: A very rare chromosomal disorder where there is an extra copy of chromosome 8 in some of the body's cells. Some cases with this chromosomal abnormality have no clinical symptoms. The presence of abnormalities in some cases is dependent on which body cells contain the chromosomal defect.
• Chromosome 8, partial trisomy: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of part of chromosome 8 rather than the normal two which results in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is duplicated.
• Chromosome 8, trisomy: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of chromosome 8 rather than the normal two which results in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is duplicated.
• Chromosome 8, trisomy 8p: A rare chromosomal disorder where the short arm (p) of chromosome 8 is duplicated resulting in three copies instead of two. The type and severity of symptoms depends on the location and length of genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 8, trisomy 8q: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 is duplicated resulting in variable abnormalities depending on the location and length of genetic material deleted.
• Chromosome 8p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 8 resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 8p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the short arm (p) of chromosome 8 is duplicated resulting in three copies instead of two. The type and severity of symptoms depends on the location and length of genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 8p inverted duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving the inverted duplication of the short arm (p) of chromosome 8 resulting in three copies of the genetic material instead of the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the duplication.
• Chromosome 8p mosaic tetrasomy: A rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the short arm of chromosome 8 is repeated four times in some of the body's cells instead of the normal two resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 8q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities depending on the location and length of missing genetic material.
• Chromosome 8q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 is duplicated resulting in variable abnormalities depending on the location and length of genetic material deleted.
• Chromosome 9 inversion or duplication: A very rare genetic disorder where a portion of chromosome 9 is inverted or duplicated which results in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the size and location of the genetic material involved.
• Chromosome 9 trisomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of chromosome 9 in the body's cells instead of the normal two resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 9, Trisomy 9p (Multiple Variants): A rare chromosomal disorder characterized by mental retardation, head and face malformations and various other abnormalities.
• Chromosome 9, monosomy 9p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 9 is missing resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 9, partial trisomy 9p: A very rare genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material on the short arm (p) of chromosome 9 is duplicated which results in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the size and location of the genetic material involved.
• Chromosome 9, trisomy: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of chromosome 9 in the body's cells instead of the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is duplicated.
• Chromosome 9, trisomy 9p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 9 is duplicated so there is three copies of it instead of the normal two.
• Chromosome 9, trisomy 9q: A very rare genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material on the long arm (q) of chromosome 9 is duplicated which results in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the size and location of the genetic material involved.
• Chromosome 9, trisomy 9q32: A rare chromosomal disorder where duplication of a portion of chromosome 9 causes various abnormalities such as short stature and mental retardation and facial anomalies.
• Chromosome 9p deletion syndrome: A rare genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material from the short arm of chromosome 9 is missing. The symptoms or severity may vary somewhat between patients.
• Chromosome 9p tetrasomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is four copies of the short arm of chromosome 9 instead of the normal two resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 9q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 9 is deleted resulting in variable symptoms.
• Chromosome 9q duplication: A very rare genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material on the long arm (q) of chromosome 9 is duplicated which results in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the size and location of the genetic material involved.
• Chromosome 9q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 9 resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 9q duplication/chromosome 9p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 9 is duplicated and part of the short arm (p) is deleted resulting in various abnormalities. These chromosomal abnormality occurs in only some of the body's cells (mosaicism).
• Chromosome diploid-triploid mosaicism syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving chromosomal duplication, triplication and mosaicism.
• Chronic Alcoholism - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that chronic alcoholism during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Chronic Bokhoror: A brain disease caused by an unknown pathogen which is probably from the Picornavirus family of viruses. Mode of transmission is uncertain but genetic susceptibility may be involved. The incubation period appears to be an average of 15 years. The disease can be classified according to rate of progression: acute or subacute, slowly progressive and chronic. The chronic form tends not to have acute symptoms but present with symptoms similar to a milder, less progressive form of the later stages of the slowly progressive form.
• Chronic Chemical poisoning - Varnish makers' and painters' Naptha: Varnish makers' and painters' Naptha is an ingredient used in certain pesticides. Exposure to the chemical can cause a range of symptoms depending on the level and route of exposure. Exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion, the skin or eyes. Acute exposure involves a exposure over a short period of time whereas chronic exposure occurs over a longer period of time.
• Chronic Kidney Disease: Long-term and generally irreversible disease of the kidneys due to infection, obstruction, congenital diseases or generalised diseases causing failure of the kidneys' normal functions.
• Chronic Pesticide poisoning - xylene: Xylene is an ingredient used in certain insecticides. Exposure to the chemical can cause a range of symptoms depending on the level and route of exposure. Exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion, the skin or eyes. Acute exposure involves a exposure over a short period of time whereas chronic exposure occurs over a longer period of time.
• Chronic Viliuisk Encephaliti: A brain disease caused by an unknown pathogen which is probably from the Picornavirus family of viruses. Mode of transmission is uncertain but genetic susceptibility may be involved. The incubation period appears to be an average of 15 years. The disease can be classified according to rate of progression: acute or subacute, slowly progressive and chronic. The chronic form tends not to have acute symptoms but present with symptoms similar to a milder, less progressive form of the later stages of the slowly progressive form.
• Chronic Viliuisk Encephalomyelitis: A brain disease caused by an unknown pathogen which is probably from the Picornavirus family of viruses. Mode of transmission is uncertain but genetic susceptibility may be involved. The incubation period appears to be an average of 15 years. The disease can be classified according to rate of progression: acute or subacute, slowly progressive and chronic. The chronic form tends not to have acute symptoms but present with symptoms similar to a milder, less progressive form of the later stages of the slowly progressive form.
• Chronic Vilyisk Encephalomyelitis: A brain disease caused by an unknown pathogen which is probably from the Picornavirus family of viruses. Mode of transmission is uncertain but genetic susceptibility may be involved. The incubation period appears to be an average of 15 years. The disease can be classified according to rate of progression: acute or subacute, slowly progressive and chronic. The chronic form tends not to have acute symptoms but present with symptoms similar to a milder, less progressive form of the later stages of the slowly progressive form.
• Chronic Vilyuisk Encephalitis: A brain disease caused by an unknown pathogen which is probably from the Picornavirus family of viruses. Mode of transmission is uncertain but genetic susceptibility may be involved. The incubation period appears to be an average of 15 years. The disease can be classified according to rate of progression: acute or subacute, slowly progressive and chronic. The chronic form tends not to have acute symptoms but present with symptoms similar to a milder, less progressive form of the later stages of the slowly progressive form.
• Chronic anxiety: anxiety is a feeling of apprehension or fear
• Chronic depression: Chronic depression is a mental disorder characterized by an all-encompassing low mood accompanied by low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities and this maybe present for months together.
• Chronic fatigue syndrome: A persistent debilitating fatigue of recent onset
• Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the proliferation of immature precursors of certain blood cells - myelocytes and monocytes. The proliferation is slower than in acute forms of the disease.
• Chronic vitamin A toxicity: Chronic excessive ingestion of vitamin A can cause symptoms.
• Chronophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of time. Prisoners often develop a fear of time passing.
• Chuifong tokuwan-induced lead poisoning: Chuifong tokuwan is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian people to arthritis and other pain. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Chylomicron retention disease with Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome: A rare condition characterized by abnormal lipid metabolism, vitamin E deficiency, incoordination and short stature.
• Cibophobia: Morbid dislike of food or eating.
• Ciguatera poisoning: Rare toxic food poisoning from eating contaminated fish
• Cinderella's stepmother syndrome: A term used to describe the behaviors that stepmothers display in order to become more accepted by the family.
• Circadian rhythm sleep disorder: A group of sleep disorders involving abnormalities in the timing of the sleep-wake cycle. Examples include jet lag and shift work sleep disorder. Sufferers are unable to wake and sleep in the normal routines required to function in normal work, school and social settings. The sleep quality is usually normal.
• Citrullinemia: Citrullinemia is an inherited urea cycle disorder which causes toxic substances including ammonia to build up in the blood. There are two main subtypes of Citrullinemia (I and II) which are caused by different genetic abnormalities and result in different symptoms. Milder forms may present in childhood and rare late-onset forms (adult-onset) may not cause symptoms until adulthood.
• Citrullinemia II: A very rare urea cycle disorder involving a deficiency of the transport compound called Citrin. Citrin transports aspartate to where the enzyme argininosuccinic acid synthase can combine it with citrulline to make argininosuccinic acid. The deficiency prevents ammonia being turned into urea which can then be excreted in the urine. The build up of ammonia in the body can cause harmful effects.
• Clark-Baraitser syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by tallness, large head, mental retardation and various facial anomalies.
• Classic childhood ALD: Classic severe form of ALD in boys.
• Classic galactosemia: Rare serious genetic defect in galactose metabolism.
• Classic migraine: Migraine is a neurological disorder that generally involves repeated headaches. Some people also have nausea, vomiting, and other symptoms. Most people with migraines do not have any warning before it occurs. However, some people have a visual disturbance called an aura before the headache starts.
• Classical pyridoxine-dependent seizures: A form of epilepsy which responds to pyridoxine hydrochloride administration and not to standard anticonvulsant medication.
• Claustrophobia: Fear of confined or enclosed spaces
• Claviceps purpurea poisoning: Claviceps purpurea is a type of fungus that can contaminate grains such as rye, wheat, oats and barely. Ingestion of contaminated foods can cause poisoning with the severity of symptoms varying depending on the amount consumed.
• Cleft lip - palate - abnormal thumbs - microcephaly: A very rare syndrome characterized by a small head, thumb abnormalities and a cleft lip and palate.
• Cleft lip - palate - mental retardation - corneal opacity: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, cleft lip and palate and cloudy corneas.
• Cleft palate - cardiac defect - genital anomalies - ectrodactyly: A very rare syndrome characterized by variable symptoms including cleft palate, heart defects, genital anomalies and hand and foot malformations.
• Cleft palate - short stature - vertebral anomalies: A very rare syndrome characterized by a cleft palate, short stature and abnormalities of the vertebrae in the spine.
• Cleptophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of thieves or of being robbed by thieves.
• Clinophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of going to bed.
• Cnidophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of insect stings.
• Coastal leucothoe poisoning: The coastal leucothoe is an evergreen shrub which bears small clusters of bell-shaped, white flowers in the apex of the leaves. It also bears small capsulated fruit. The leaves and flower nectar contain a chemical called andromedotoxin which is very toxic and can cause death if sufficient quantities are eaten.
• Cocaine abuse: Stimulant drug with various effects
• Cocaine addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use cocaine on a regular basis. Chronic cocaine use can lead to dependency in as little as two weeks. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Cocaine withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when cocaine use is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Cocaine-induced hypertension: Cocaine-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by use of cocaine. Patients with an existing history of hypertension may suffer further blood pressure increases while taking cocaine and this can be serious. Severity of symptoms varies amongst patients depending on their susceptibility, underlying health and duration of cocaine use.
• Cockayne syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by a senile-like appearance, hearing and vision impairment and sun sensitive skin.
• Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ10), deficiency: A rare inherited disorder characterized by the deficiency of Coenzyme Q 10. The range and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency of: A rare genetic defect where an enzyme deficiency (CoQ-Cytochrome C reductase) disrupts cellular processes. Any of a variety of the components of the enzyme may be missing or defective and hence the clinical presentation and severity may vary. The deficiency may result in a variety of symptoms and conditions of variable severity such as cardiomyopathy, fatal infant conditions and Leber's myopathy.
• Coffin-Lowry syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by down slanting space between eyelids, bulbous nose, soft hands and tapering fingers.
• Coffin-Siris Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by underdeveloped or absent fifth finger and toenails and coarse facial features.
• Cognitive impairment: General loss of mental or cognitive ability
• Cohen Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by reduced muscle tone, obesity and prominent front teeth.
• Cohen-Hayden syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, eye defect and various growth abnormalities of the bone, skin and head.
• Coitophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of sexual intercourse.
• Colchicine toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a condition where the body's immune system triggers the production of antibodies against the body's own red blood cells. The red cells are destroyed at an abnormally rapid rate which leads to anemia. Cold haemolytic anemia is characterized by the fact that the abnormal destruction of red blood cells is more active when the patient is exposed to cold temperatures. The severity of the condition varies depending on the underlying cause. The condition may develop gradually or occur suddenly and cause serious symptoms.
• Cold antibody hemolytic anemia: A rare autoimmune condition where the body's defense system attacks and destroys red blood cells. The onset of the condition is triggered by temperatures 30ºC or lower.
• Coleman Randall syndrome: A rare condition (one reported case) characterized by deafness, underdeveloped gonads, pili torti and a deficiency of growth and luteinizing hormone.
• Collagenous celiac disease: Collagenous celiac disease is used to describe progressive celiac disease characterized by the presence of a layer of collagen (scarring) in the intestinal layers. This form of celiac disease usually fails to respond to treatments such as gluten-free diets. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The condition usually fails to respond to treatment and has a poor prognosis.
• Collins-Sakati syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a short, broad toe and a large head.
• Coloboma chorioretinal cerebellar vermis aplasia: A very rare syndrome characterized by an eye anomaly (gap in eye structures such as choroids and retina) and abnormal development of the midline structure of the brain (cerebellar vermis aplasia).
• Coloboma uveal with cleft lip palate and mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized by a cleft lip and palate, mental retardation and a gap or hole in the iris or uvea of the eye (iris or uveal coloboma).
• Coloboma, cleft lip/palate and mental retardation syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by a cleft lip and palate, mental retardation and a gap or hole in the iris or uvea of the eye (iris or uveal coloboma).
• Colobomatous microphthalmia - heart disease - hearing loss: A very rare syndrome characterized by small eyes, heart disease and hearing loss.
• Colpocephaly: A rare brain malformation that is present at birth. The cavities present at the back of the brain are larger than normal as the brain tissue has failed to develop normally to fill some of the space. Severity of symptoms are variable depending on the degree of abnormality.
• Combat stress reaction: A term used in the military which refers to behaviors that result from the stress of fighting in a war.
• Cometophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of comets.
• Common migraine: Migraine headaches are recurrent headaches that may be unilateral or bilateral. Migraine headaches may occur with or without a prodrome. The aura of a migraine may consist of neurologic symptoms, such as dizziness, tinnitus, scotomas, photophobia, or visual scintillations (eg, bright zigzag lines).
• Complete Trisomy 18 syndrome: Complete Trisomy 18 syndrome is the most severe form of Edwards syndrome and involves an extra copy of chromosome 18 in all of the body cells. This severe form causes mental retardation and numerous physical defects that often cause death before birth or during infancy.
• Complex 1 mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency: A rare genetic defect where an enzyme deficiency (NADH CoQ) disrupts cellular processes and causes various organic acid disorders. Any of a variety of the components of the enzyme may be missing or defective and hence the clinical presentation and severity may vary. Presentation may range from infantile death to various disorders such as Leigh's disease, Parkinson's disease and cardiomyopathy.
• Complex 2 mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency: A rare genetic defect where an enzyme deficiency (succinate CoQ reductase) disrupts cellular processes. The deficiency may result variable symptoms and condition including conditions such as Leigh's syndrome, myopathy and Kearns-Sayre syndrome.
• Complex partial seizure: A complex seizure is an electrical disturbance that originates in only one part of the brain and resulting in symptoms related to the body functions or parts that are controlled by that part of the brain. Partial seizures where the patient has altered consciousness are called complex partial seizures. During a simple partial seizure movement, sensations, feelings or emotions may be affected. Partial seizures may spread to other parts of the brain and are then called generalized seizures. These seizures usually only last a few minutes.
• Complex partial seizure disorder: Complex partial seizure disorder is an electrical disturbance that originates in only one part of the brain and resulting in symptoms related to the body functions or parts that are controlled by that part of the brain. Partial seizures where the patient has altered consciousness are called complex partial seizures. During a simple partial seizure movement, sensations, feelings or emotions may be affected. Partial seizures may spread to other parts of the brain and are then called generalized seizures. These seizures usually only last a few minutes.
• Compulsions: an irrestible impulse to perform a particular action
• Computer addiction: Computer addiction refers to the excessive amounts of time spent on the computer. The preoccupation can cause problems with relationships and even with work performance. The time spent on the computer does not refer to work-related activities.
• Concentration camp survivor syndrome: A type of post-traumatic stress disorder that is seen in people who have surveved abuse in concentration camps.
• Concentration difficulty: Reduced concentration ability or lack of concentration
• Confusion: Mental confusion and impaired thinking.
• Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of disorders involving abnormally synthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. There is a long chain of events involved in the synthesis and defects may occur with any of the compounds or enzymes involved in the process. Progressive impairment and regression of skills often occurs after a period of normal development following birth.
• Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation Type Ia: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 1A involves a phosphomannomutase enzyme defect and affects most body systems especially the nervous system and liver function.
• Congenital Toxoplasmosis: Fetal infection with toxoplasmosis.
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH): A group of disorder that occur when there is a problem in the process of making adrenal corticosteroids.
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - non-classical form: A late onset form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia where insufficient adrenal corticosteroids are produced by the body due to the deficiency of a particular chemical. The severity of symptoms varies from person to person and onset may occur as early as childhood.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1A: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 1A involves a phosphomannomutase enzyme defect and affects most body systems especially the nervous system and liver function.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1F: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type IF is caused by a defect on chromosome 17p13.1-p12 and involves a defect on the MPDU1 gene.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1I: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type Ii is caused by a defect on chromosome 9q22 and involves a defect on the ALG2 gene.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1K: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type Ik is caused by a defect on chromosome 16p13.3 and involves a defect in the gene for beta-1,4-mannosyltransferase. The disorder is generally fatal within a year or two of birth.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1L: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type Il is caused by a defect on chromosome 11q23 and involves a defect in the ALG9 gene.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2C: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 2c is caused by a defect on chromosome 11p11.2 and involves a defect in the gene for GDP-fucose transporter.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2D: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 2d is caused by a defect on chromosome 9p13 and involves a defect in the gene for beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2E: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 2e is caused by a defect on chromosome 16p and involves a defect in the gene for oligomeric complex-7.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2G: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type IIg is caused by a defect on chromosome 17q25.1 and involves a defect on the COG1 gene.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIH: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type IIh is caused by a defect on chromosome 16q22.1 and involves a defect on the COG8 gene.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type X - Bombay blood group phenotype: A rare inherited disorder characterized by abnormal neutrophil functioning which reduces the body's immunity. The abnormal neutrophils are unable to be transported to sites of infection due to their inability to adhere to certain blood vessel components which would normally lead them to the infection site. Infections may be life-threatening as the body is unable to destroy bacteria effectively. Type 2 LAD is where neutrophils can't adhere to necessary blood vessel components due to the absence of proteins on the blood vessel walls needed to bind and guide the neutrophils to the infection site.
• Congenital heart disease - radio ulnar synostosis - mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by heart disease at birth, fusion of forearm bones and mental retardation.
• Congenital heart disease radio ulnar synostos mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by the presence of mental retardation, congenital heart disease and fusion of the forearm bones.
• Congenital heart disease, ptosis, hypodontia, craniosynostosis: A rare birth syndrome characterized by heart disease, droopy eyelids, missing teeth and premature fusion of skull bones.
• Congenital hepatic porphyria: A rare congenital disorder where there is an excess of porphyrin (pigments) in the body. The liver is responsible for making porpyrins.
• Congenital herpes simplex: An infant born with a herpes simplex infection transmitted through the mother. The infection may be localized or involve various internal organs and even the central nervous system in which case death can occur.
• Congenital hypoparathyroidism, seizures, growth and mental retardation and unusual facies: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by growth and mental retardation, seizures, unusual facial appearance and congenital hypoparathyroidism.
• Congenital malaria: Fetal infection with malaria.
• Congenital myotonic dystrophy: A form of muscular dystrophy which is usually apparent at birth or within a few years. and affects the skeletal muscles, heart conduction, smooth muscle, eyes and the central nervous system. The range of severity varies from asymptomatic to fetal death.
• Congenital nonhemolytic jaundice: A rare disorder where the liver is unable to remove bilirubin from the body which results in jaundice. Chronically high bilirubin levels can lead to neurological toxicity which manifests as progressive neurological symptoms.
• Congenital spherocytic hemolytic anemia: A blood disorder present at birth where the membranes of red blood cells are defective which results in them being spherical rather than doughnut-shaped. These abnormally shaped red blood cells are broken down prematurely by the body which results in anemia. The condition may range from mild to severe.
• Congenital sucrose-isomaltose malabsorption: A rare disorder where a congenital deficiency of an enzyme (sucrase-isomaltase) prevents the absorption of sucrase and isomaltose consumed in the diet.
• Congenital tuberculosis: Fetal infection with tuberculosis
• Conn Syndrome-induced hypertension: Conn Syndrome-induced hypertension is high blood pressure associated with Conn Syndrome. It results from excessive production of a hormone called aldosterone by the adrenal glands. The high blood pressure often responds poorly to the usual medications. Death can result in severe cases.
• Constipation: Hardness of stool or difficulty or inability to pass feces.
• Constrictive pericarditis: Inflammation, swelling and thickening of the pericardium (fibrous sac surrounding the heart) which causes it to tighten around the heart and affect its function. The condition may be misdiagnosed as a heart attack and vice versa.
• Constrictive tuberculous pericarditis: Inflammation and swelling of the pericardium (fibrous sac surrounding the heart) that occurs as a complication of tuberculosis. The condition may be misdiagnosed as a heart attack and vice versa.
• Continuous spike-wave during slow sleep syndrome: A rare form of epilepsy that occurs between the ages of 3 and 7 and is diagnosed by the observation through an EEG of continuous spike and wave discharges during the slow sleep phase which is detected. The seizures often occur during sleep. Children outgrow the condition before adulthood but some of the effects of the disorder may continue longer.
• Cope's syndrome: Cope's syndrome is a condition where the body is too alkaline and the blood contains too much calcium. It can be caused by drinking large quantities of milk or using too many alkaline antacid remedies. High vitamin D intake can make the condition worse. The people most at risk of this condition tend to be older people (especially women) who are taking calcium supplements as well as calcium carbonate containing remedies to treat dyspepsia. Severe cases can lead to impaired kidney function (Burnett's syndrome).
• Copper deficiency-induced Sideroblastic anemia: Copper deficiency-induced sideroblastic anemia is a blood disorder caused insufficient quantities of copper. The body has sufficient iron levels but is unable to utilise it properly in red blood cells due to the lack of copper. The iron becomes abnormally deposited in red blood cells which make them unable to function properly.
• Coprophobiaphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of feces or excrement.
• Cor Triatriatum: A rare congenital malformation where the heart has three atria instead of the normal two due to the presence of a separating membrane.
• Cordyceps-induced lead poisoning: Cordyceps is a folk remedy by Chinese people to treat high blood pressure, bleeding problems and diabetes. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Corn Lily poisoning: Corn Lily is a poisonous plant native to the Sierra Nevada mountains. It's appearance is similar to the corn grown as a crop. The plant poison primarily affects the nervous system.
• Corneal anesthesia deafness intellectual deficit: A very rare genetic disorder characterized distinctive facial features, ductus arteriosus, mental retardation and vision problems.
• Corneal anesthesia deafness mental retardation: A very rare genetic disorder characterized distinctive facial features, ductus arteriosus, mental retardation and vision problems.
• Corneal cerebellar syndrome: A very rare syndrome involving eye problems and progressive motor control problems such as ataxia and weakness on one side of the body.
• Corneal dystrophy - ichthyosis - microcephaly - mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized by vision loss, scaly skin, small head and mental retardation.
• Corneal hypesthesia deafness intellectual deficit: A very rare genetic disorder characterized distinctive facial features, ductus arteriosus, mental retardation and vision problems.
• Cornelia de Lange Syndrome: A very rare disorder involving delayed physical development and various malformations involving the head, face and limbs. The severity of symptoms is variable.
• Cornelia de Lange syndrome 1: A very rare disorder involving delayed physical development and various malformations involving the head, face and limbs. Type 1 is more severe than type 2 though the range and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Cornelia de Lange syndrome 2: A very rare disorder involving delayed physical development and various malformations involving the head, face and limbs. Type 2 is not as severe as type 1 with some of the abnormalities not presenting until later in life or absent altogether. The range and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Cornelia de Lange syndrome 3: A very rare disorder involving delayed physical development and various malformations involving the head, face and limbs. Type 3 is a very mild form of the disorder and is typified by mildly unusual facial appearance and no skeletal or limb malformations.
• Corpus callosum agenesis: A very rare congenital abnormality where part or all of the fibers that connect the two halves of the brain (corpus callosum) are missing.
• Corpus callosum agenesis - double urinary collecting system: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal development of the structure separating the two halves of the brain as well as duplicated ureters that collect the urine from the kidney and deliver it to the bladder.
• Corpus callosum agenesis double urinary collecting: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal development of the structure separating the two halves of the brain as well as duplicated ureters that collect the urine from the kidney and deliver it to the bladder.
• Corpus callosum agenesis double urinary collecting system and trigonocephaly: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal development of the structure separating the two halves of the brain as well as duplicated ureters that collect the urine from the kidney and deliver it to the bladder.
• Corpus callosum agenesis-neuropathy: A rare genetic disorder involving mental retardation, progressive neuropathy and absence of the fibers that connect the two halves of the brain together.
• Corpus callosum dysgenesis X-linked recessive: Partial or complete lack of development of the structure that divides two sides of the brain (corpus callosum). As the condition is X-linked, it only occurs in males.
• Corsican Hellebore poisoning: The Corsican hellebore is often grown in gardens. It bears cupped, light green flowers. The plant contains a chemical called protoanemonin which can cause symptoms if eaten in large quantities. Skin exposure to the plant can also cause skin irritation but it is usually minor and short-lived.
• Cortada Koussef Matsumoto syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by various skeletal abnormalities, small head and mental retardation.
• Cortada-Kousseff-Matsumoto syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by various skeletal abnormalities, small head and mental retardation.
• Cortical dysplasia - focal epilepsy syndrome: Abnormal development of the brain cortex which results in focal epilepsy and progressive neurological deterioration once the epilepsy starts in early childhood.
• Corticobasal Degeneration: A rare progressive neurological disorder where parts of the brain deteriorate.
• Corticosteroid-induced hypertension: Corticosteroid-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by use of corticosteroids. Patients with an existing history of hypertension may suffer further blood pressure increases while taking corticosteroids. Severity of symptoms varies amongst patients depending on their susceptibility, underlying health and duration of corticosteroid therapy.
• Costello syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by papillomas which may become malignant.
• Cotard syndrome: A rare syndrome involving depression, suicidal thoughts and the belief that they no longer have a body and are already dead. Sometimes they believe that their body is rotting or that they have no blood or internal organs. Occasionally they believe they are immortal. The condition may have neurological or mental origins.
• Cote-Katsantoni syndrome: A rare condition characterized by osteosclerosis, atrial septal defect, malabsorption, neutropenia, ectodermal dysplasia, growth retardation and mental retardation.
• Coulrophobia: An exaggerated or abnormal fear of clowns. Children are most often affected but teenagers and adults can occasionally be affected as well.
• Cowden's syndrome: A rare hereditary condition characterized by multiple noncancerous nodules called hamartomas. Sufferers also face an increased risk of particular cancers.
• Crack addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use crack on a regular basis. Chronic crack use can lead to dependency in as little as two weeks. Crack is a form of cocaine - powdered cocaine is heated with ammonia or sodium bicarbonate to make rocks of crack. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Crack withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when cocaine hydrochloride use is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia: A very rare bone disorder where excess calcium is deposited mainly in the skull bones which can result in compression of various nerves in the skull and even the brain.
• Craniodigital syndrome - mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized by webbed fingers and toes, mental retardation and skull and facial anomalies.
• Craniofacial dysostosis - arthrogryposis - progeroid appearence: A very rare syndrome characterized usually caused by fetal exposure to the cytomegalovirus and resulting in features such as short stature, mental retardation, joint movement problems and facial anomalies.
• Craniofacial dyssynostosis: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by the premature fusion of certain skull bones which gives the head an abnormal shape and also causes unusual facial features.
• Craniofaciocardioskeletal syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by facial, skull, heart and skeletal abnormalities.
• Craniosynostosis: A defect involving the fusion of one or more bones in the skull before it has finished growing which affects the head size and shape and can affect the growth of the brain. The defect is often associated with other conditions. Symptoms are determined by which skull bones are prematurely fused.
• Craniosynostosis - Dandy-Walker - Hydrocephalus: A very rare disorder characterized primarily by the premature fusion of skull bones (sagittal), the Dandy-Walker malformation and a buildup of fluid in the brain (hydrocephalus). The Dandy-Walker malformation is where a cyst develops in the back of the brain and interferes with the movement of fluid through the brain resulting in an accumulation of fluid.
• Craniosynostosis - alopecia - brain defect: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a malformed skull, lack of hair and a brain defect.
• Craniosynostosis - brachysyndactyly of hands and absence of toes: A rare condition characterized mainly by premature fusion of skull bones, limb defects and a cleft lip or palate.
• Craniosynostosis - congenital heart disease - mental retardation: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by heart and skull abnormalities as well as mental retardation.
• Craniosynostosis exostoses nevus epibulbar dermoid: A rare syndrome characterized by the premature fusion of skull bones, excessive bone growth (hyperostosis), epibulbar dermoids (benign eye tumor) and a skin disorder (linear verrucous epidermal nevus). Patients with this condition need to avoid using aminoglycosides as they can have a negative impact on hearing.
• Craniosynostosis mental retardation clefting syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by premature fusion of the skull bones (craniosynostosis), mental retardation a cleft lip and/or palate.
• Craniosynostosis radial aplasia syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by premature closing of skull bones, growth deficiency and anal, limb and urogenital craniofacial abnormalities.
• Craniosynostosis, sagittal, with Dandy-Walker malformation and hydrocephalus: A very rare disorder characterized primarily by the premature fusion of skull bones (sagittal), the Dandy-Walker malformation and a buildup of fluid in the brain (hydrocephalus). The Dandy-Walker malformation is where a cyst develops in the back of the brain and interferes with the movement of fluid through the brain resulting in an accumulation of fluid.
• Craniotelencephalic dysplasia: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by premature fusion of various skull bones and abnormal brain development.
• Creatine deficiency, X-linked: A rare inherited disorder characterized mainly by mental retardation, seizures, short stature and facial anomalies. The disorder is caused by the absence of a compound needed to transport creatine and thus creatine levels may be normal or high, but the body is unable to utilize it.
• Cremnophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of precipices.
• Cretinism athyreotic: A rare form of congenital hypothyroidism that causes mental and physical growth retardation in infants or children. Prompt thyroid hormone therapy is essential in order to prevent progressive neurological and motor deterioration.
• Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: A very rare degenerative brain disease that can be inherited, transmitted (eg in surgical transplants using infected tissue) or as a result of genetic mutations. The condition is fatal.
• Cri-du-chat syndrome: A rare genetic disorder where a small portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 5 is missing. The condition is characterized by a high-pitched cry which is similar to a cat's cry.
• Crigler-Najjar syndrome, type 1: A rare congenital condition involving a total absence of the liver enzyme called glucoronyl transferase which is needed to change bilirubin into a form that can be removed from the body. The bilirubin builds up in the body and causes damage and severe symptoms.
• Crome syndrome: A very rare disorder characterized by various abnormalities including mental retardation, epilepsy and eye and kidney problems.
• Cryophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of extreme cold, frost or ice.
• Cryptococcosis: A fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans which primarily affects the central nervous system and the lungs. People with weakened immune systems such as AIDS sufferers are generally more susceptible to this type of infection.
• Cryptorchidism - arachnodactyly - mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by undescended testes, long thin fingers and mental retardation.
• Crystal meth addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use crystal meth on a regular basis. Crystal meth is a powerful stimulant used illegally for its effects. It is highly addictive and known by street names such as ice, speed, glass, crank and chalk. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Crystallophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of glass or crystals.
• Cushing syndrome, familial: A hormonal disorder caused by high levels of the cortisol hormone due to the abnormal development of the adrenal gland.
• Cushing's syndrome-induced hypertension: Cushing's syndrome-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by a condition caused Cushing's syndrome where the adrenal glands produce excessive amounts of cortisol.
• Cushing-like symptoms: Symptoms similar to those of Cushing's disease
• Cutis verticis gyrata - mental deficit: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and excessive skin folds and furrows on the scalp.
• Cutis verticis gyrata mental deficiency: A rare inherited disorder characterized by mental retardation, seizures and eye and movement problems.
• Cycad nut poisoning: The cycad nut contains a toxic chemical called cyasin which can be leeched out by soaking in water. The nuts are often used as a food source but it is important to leech out the toxic chemicals first. Eating nuts that still contain the toxin can cause serious symptoms. Cycad nuts may also increase the risk of developing liver cancer.
• Cyclical edema syndrome: Periodic swelling or bloating that occurs in women while they are standing but disappears when they lie down. Excessive aldosterone hormone may cause the problem which tends do become worse in the period leading up to menstruation.
• Cycloserine-induced Sideroblastic anemia: Cycloserine -induced sideroblastic anemia is a blood disorder caused by taking a drug called Cycloserine. The body has sufficient iron levels but is unable to utilise it properly in red blood cells. The iron becomes abnormally deposited in red blood cells which make them unable to function properly.
• Cyclosporine toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Cyclosporine-induced hypertension: Cyclosporine-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by taking cyclosporine. Patients with an existing history of hypertension may suffer further blood pressure increases while taking amphetamines and this can be serious. Severity of symptoms varies amongst patients depending on their susceptibility, underlying health and duration of cyclosporine use.
• Cyclothymic disorder: A persistent disorder where the sufferer's mood swings from elation to depression are not severe enough to be diagnosed as bipolar disorder.
• Cymophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of waves.
• Cynophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of dogs.
• Cypridophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of venereal disease.
• Cystic fibrosis - gastritis - megaloblastic anaemia: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by cystic fibrosis, metaloblastic anemia, mental retardation and gastritis due to helicobacter pylori.
• Cystic fibrosis - gastritis - megaloblastic anemia: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by cystic fibrosis, anemia and gastritis.
• Cysticercosis: An infectious disease caused by the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. If the larvae are ingested then a mild or asymptomatic tapeworm infection occurs. However, ingested eggs pass into the bloodstream where they can then enter various tissues and form the cysts that characterize cysticercosis.
• Cystitis: Bladder infection or inflammation
• Cytochrome c oxydase deficiency, French-Canadian type: A rare, progressive, inherited metabolic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme cytochrome C oxidase affects skeletal muscles, connective tissue, brain and liver.
• D ercole syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, small head and heart defects.
• D'Acosta: A condition that occurs when an un-acclimatized person climbs to high altitudes.
• D-plus hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+HUS): A rare condition where gastroenteritis involving bloody diarrhea is caused by a bacteria (usually E.Coli) which leads to toxins being present in the blood. These circulating toxins affect red blood cells, kidneys and occasionally even the brain.
• DIDMOAD Syndrome, Mitochondrial form: A rare association of diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness which results in mitochondrial defects.
• Damocles syndrome: Stress, anxiety and uncertainty experienced by people who have been successfully treated for childhood cancer.
• Dana syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized by the gradual degeneration of the white matter of the spinal cord and pernicious anemia. Various neurological symptoms can result.
• Dancing Eye syndrome: Dancing eye syndrome is a rare neurological condition characterized by abnormal eye movements where the eyes seem to move randomly all over the place. Jerky limb movements are also often present. The severity of the condition and response to treatment varies considerably amongst patients.
• Dandy Walker syndrome recessive form: A rare recessively inherited brain malformation where a cyst develops in the brain which can interfere with the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid and lead to hydrocephalus. The severity of the condition is variable and symptoms tend to only occur if the fluid builds up inside the skull.
• Dandy-Walker - facial hemangioma: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a brain malformation (Dandy-Walker) and a hemangioma on the face (mass of dilated blood vessels).
• Dandy-Walker Syndrome: A congenital brain malformation characterized by increased fluid in the brain.
• Dandy-Walker malformation with mental retardation, macrocephaly, myopia, and brachytelephalangy: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, large head, short fingers, nearsightedness and brain abnormalities (Dandy-Walker type).
• Daphne poisoning: Daphne is a shrub that contains a toxin called mezerein (skin irritant) in the bark as well as a toxin called daphnin. The bark, sap and berries are the most toxic parts of the plant. The plant is native to Europe and Asia but is also found in other parts of the world such as America. A single berry or leaf can cause symptoms and 2 or 3 can cause death in a child. About 12 berries or leaves can cause quite severe symptoms in adults.
• Darvocet overdose: Darvocet is a prescription drug mainly used to treat pain. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Darvocet withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Darcovet use is discontinued or reduced. Darcovet is a pain-killer. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Davis syndrome: A very rare condition where short-limbed dwarfism is associated with immunodeficiency.
• Davis-Lafer syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and unusual facial features.
• De Grouchy Syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 18 is missing. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• De Lange 1: A rare disorder involving a variety of congenital abnormalities including retarded growth, behavioral problems, characteristic facial features and upper limb abnormalities.
• De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome: A rare genetic ectodermal disorder characterized by sunlight sensitivity, skin atrophy and pigmentation and skin tumors as well asneurologic involvement.
• Deadly nightshade (Solanum dulcamara) poisoning: The deadly nightshade is a woody vine and is considered quite toxic. It is found in Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America. There are a number of species of nightshade with variable toxicity. The Solanum dulcamara is considered less toxic with about 200 berries needed to cause death.
• Deafness - epiphyseal dysplasia - short stature: A very rare syndrome characterized by short stature (due to abnormal development of ends of thigh bones), deafness, blocked tear ducts and thing bone abnormalities.
• Deafness - hypospadias - metacarpal and metatarsal synostosis: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness, penis abnormalities and bone anomalies in the foot and hands.
• Deafness - lymphoedema - leukemia: A rare syndrome characterized by deafness, early-onset leukemia and lymphoedema in the lower legs.
• Deafness - onychodystrophy - osteodystrophy - mental retardation: A very rare inherited disorder involving deafness (D), onychodystrophy (O - nail malformation), osteodystrophy (O - bone malformation) and mental retardation (R).
• Deafness - skeletal dysplasia - lip granuloma: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness, skeletal abnormalities, mental retardation and full lips.
• Deafness, congenital onychodystrophy, recessive form: A very rare inherited disorder involving deafness (D), onychodystrophy (O - nail malformation), osteodystrophy (O - bone malformation) and mental retardation (R).
• Deafness-mental retardation, Martin-Probst type: A rare disorder characterized mainly by deafness and mental retardation.
• Deal-Barratt-Dillon syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by scaly skin, jaundice, diarrhea and Fanconi syndrome (bone marrow fails to make sufficient new blood cells).
• Defibrination syndrome: The generation of fibrin in the blood and consumption of pro-coagulants and platelets occurring in complications of obstetrics
• Dehydratase deficiency: A very rare condition involving a deficiency of the enzyme called dehydratase. It is usually asymptomatic and often associated with high blood phenylalanine levels.
• Dehydration: Loss and reduction in body water levels
• Deipnophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of dining and dinner conversation.
• Del (1) (pter-p36.3) mosaicism: A very rare chromosomal disorder where the end portion of the short arm of chromosome one is missing in some body cells. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Del(1) (p22.3-p13.3): A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p22.3-p13.3) of chromosome one is missing. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Del(1) (p34.3-p34.1): A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p34.3-p34.1) of chromosome one is missing. This genetic anomaly results in virtually no physical manifestations.
• Del(1) (pter-p34): A very rare chromosomal disorder where the end portion of the short arm of chromosome one is missing. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Del(1) (pter-p35): A very rare chromosomal disorder where the end portion of the short arm of chromosome one is missing. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Del(1) (pter-p36.2): A very rare chromosomal disorder where the end portion of the short arm of chromosome one is missing. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Del(1) (q25-q32): A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (q25-q32) of chromosome one is missing. The range and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Del(1) (q32-q41): A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (q32-q41) of chromosome one is missing.
• Del(1) (q41-q43): A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (q41-q43) of chromosome one is missing.
• Del(1) (q42-qter): A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (q42-qter) of chromosome one is missing. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Del(1) (q44-qter): A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (q44-qter) of chromosome one is missing. The type and severity of symptoms may vary.
• Del(1q32): A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (1q32) of chromosome one is missing.
• Delayed sleep-phase syndrome: Delayed sleep phase syndrome is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder, a chronic disorder of the timing of sleep, peak period of alertness, core body temperature, hormonal and other daily rhythms relative to societal norms.
• Deletion 10q: A rare disorder caused by the deletion of a portion of chromosome 10q. The range and severity of symptoms is determined by the size of the portion that is deleted.
• Deletion 11p: A syndrome that is caused by the deletion of short arm (p) of chromosome 11. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Deletion 11q: A very rare genetic disorder characterized by the deletion of genetic material from the long arm (q) of chromosome 11 - the genetic material occurs only once in body cells instead of the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms may vary considerably depending on the exact location and size of the deleted genetic material.
• Deletion 12p13: A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p13) of chromosome 12 is deleted resulting in various physical, neurological and developmental abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms can vary amongst patients depending on the exact location and size of the genetic abnormality.
• Deletion 13q: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 13 is deleted resulting in various physical, neurological and developmental abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of the deleted genetic material.
• Deletion 13q32: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (q32) of chromosome 13 is deleted resulting in various physical, neurological and developmental abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms can vary amongst patients.
• Deletion 18q: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 18 is missing. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Deletion 20p: A rare chromosomal disorder where the short arm (p) of chromosome 20 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Deletion 22q11: A rare chromosomal disorder where a small piece of genetic material is missing from chromosome 22 at the q11 location.
• Deletion 2q: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Deletion 2q24: A genetic disorder characterized by the deletion of a portion of the long arm of chromosome 2.
• Deletion 4p: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 4 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Deletion 5p: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of the genetic material from the short arm (p) of chromosome 5 which results in various abnormalities. The resulting condition is often called Cri-du-Chat Syndrome and features may vary somewhat depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Deletion 6q: A rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities depending on the location and length of missing genetic material.
• Deletion 6q16 q21: A rare chromosomal disorder characterized primarily by facial anomalies, mental retardation and a short head.
• Deletion 8p: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the short arm (p) of chromosome 8 resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Deletion 8q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Deletions of chromosome 8: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is only one copy of the genetic material of part of chromosome 8 rather than the normal two which results in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is missing.
• Delirium: Severe mental deterioration
• Delirium tremens: A condition which occurs due to the withdrawal of a substance particularly alcohol and results in tremors of the hands and arms
• Delphinium poisoning: Delphinium is a member of the Buttercup family and contains toxic alkaloids. It's seeds are very toxic but other parts of the plant are also poisonous. As the plant ages, it becomes less poisonous. Toxicity varies amongst species.
• Delta-1-pyrroline 5-carboxylate synthetase deficiency: A rare syndrome caused by an enzyme deficiency (Delta-1-pyrroline 5-carboxylate synthetase).
• Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase deficiency: A rare metabolic abnormality involving a deficiency of a particular enzyme (Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase) which affects amino acid metabolism and causes mental retardation and convulsions.
• Delusional disorder: Persisting delusional beliefs
• Delusions: Inappropriate or irrational beliefs.
• Dementia: Mental confusion and impaired thought.
• Dementia With Lewy Bodies: Second most frequent cause of dementia in elderly adults.
• Demerol overdose: Demerol is a prescription drug used to treat pain. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Demerol withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Demerol use is discontinued or reduced. Demerol is a pain-killing drug. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Demonophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of demons or spirits.
• Demophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of crowds.
• Dennis cohen syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by unusual facial appearance, mental retardation, short stature and sparse hair.
• Dentatorubral Pallidoluysian Atrophy: A condition caused by an abnormality of the DNA sequence on chromosome 12
• Dentinogenesis imperfecta - short stature - hearing loss - mental retardation: A rare syndrome characterized by teeth anomalies (dentinogenesis imperfecta), short stature, hearing loss and mental retardation.
• Denys-Corbeel syndrome: A rare familial syndrome characterized by short stature, mental retardation and kidney problems.
• Dependent Personality Disorder: A personality disorder that can be characterised by an excessive need to be taken care of
• Depersonalisation: A feeling that you are cut off from reality, in a day dreaming state of mind.
• Deposition diseases related fibromyalgia: Deposition diseases related fibromyalgia refers to fibromyalgia that is associated with deposition diseases. Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterized mainly by pain mainly in the muscles which involves no associated damage to the tissues. Deposition diseases involve the abnormal deposit of material in parts of the body such as the joints e.g. gout.
• Depressive disorders: Depression or its various related conditions.
• Depressive symptoms: Inappropriate depressed mood.
• Dermatoleukodystrophy: A very rare progressive brain disease associated with thick wrinkled skin. Only two reported cases with both dying within three years of birth.
• Dermatophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of skin disease.
• Deshi Dewa-induced lead poisoning: Deshi Dewa is a folk remedy by Indian people as a fertility medicine. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Developmental delay - hypotonia extremities hypertrophy: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by poor muscle tone, developmental delay.
• Developmental delay due to 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: A very rare genetic disorder where an enzyme deficiency prevents the break down of certain proteins into energy and results in a harmful accumulation of acids in the blood and body tissues. More specifically, there is a deficiency of an enzyme (2-methylbutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase) needed to convert the amino acid isoleucine into energy. 2-methylbutyrylglycine levels build up in the body and may cause damage. Symptoms vary according to the degree of enzyme deficiency - can range from asymptomatic to life-threatening.
• Devil's trumpet poisoning: The Devil's trumpet is a shrubby plant with purple stems and large white or yellow flowers. The fruit is covered by a spiny shell. The plant originated in china and is often used as an ornamental outdoor plant. The plant contains tropane alkaloids which can be poisonous if eaten in large quantities.
• Dexedrine overdose: Dexedrine is a prescription drug mainly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Dexedrine withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Dexedrine use is discontinued or reduced. Dexedrine is an amphetamine. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence. Symptoms are usually peak during the second day and last about a week.
• Dextromethorphan toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Dextrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of objects on the right side of the body.
• DiGeorge syndrome: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a genetic disorder which can result in a vast array of symptoms. Various names have been used to describe different manifestations of the syndrome. Di George Syndrome primarily involves an underdeveloped thymus and parathyroid glands which results in lowered immunity low blood calcium levels respectively. Another primary feature is heart defects. Various other variable features are also present. It is not uncommon for patients to have more than one of the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome subtypes which can make diagnosis confusing - other subtypes include Sphrintzen syndrome, Caylor cardiofacial syndrome and CATCH 22.
• Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic: A disturbed water balance due to a deficiency of vasopressin (antidiuretic) hormone which causes excessive thirst and urination. Causes include autoimmune disease, malignancy, trauma, infection and blood vessel disease.
• Diabetes insipidus: A condition which is characterized by polyuria causing dehydration and resulting in great thirst
• Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy: A rare association of diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness.
• Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, deafness, mitochondrial form: A rare association of diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness which results in mitochondrial defects.
• Diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic type 2: A rare congenital condition where the kidney fails to respond to the antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasopressin), thus preventing reabsorption of water. This results in excessive urination and thirst. Type II is specifically caused by a defect in the AQP2 gene on chromosome 12q13.
• Diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic, dominant type: A rare dominantly inherited, congenital condition where the kidney fails to respond to the antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasopressin), thus preventing reabsorption of water. This results in excessive urination and thirst. The condition is specifically caused by a defect in the AQP2 gene on chromosome 12q13.
• Diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic, recessive type: A rare recessively inherited, congenital condition where the kidney fails to respond to the antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasopressin), thus preventing reabsorption of water. This results in excessive urination and thirst. The condition is specifically caused by a defect in the AQP2 gene on chromosome 12q13.
• Diabetes-like symptoms: Symptoms similar to those of diabetes
• Diabetic hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar attack from insulin or diabetes medications
• Diabetic ketoacidosis: A metabolic acidosis that results from the accumulation of ketones when diabetes mellitus is poorly controlled
• Dialysis encephalopathy syndrome: A progressive brain disease that occurs in some patients who undergo chronic hemodialysis. Aluminium intoxication is believed to play a role in the disease.
• Diaphragmatic hernia - exomphalos - corpus callosum agenesis: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a diaphragmatic hernia (defect in the diaphragm that allows some of the abdominal organs to move into the chest cavity), brain development abnormalities and deafness.
• Diaphragmatic paralysis: Diaphragmatic paralysis occurs when the muscles associated with breathing become do weak to function properly. Breathing becomes difficulty and severe cases can result in death if breathing assistance is not delivered. The condition can result from such things as motor neuron disease, trauma and myopathy.
• Dibasic aminoaciduria 2: A rare condition where protein intolerance occurs as a result of a defect in the transport of dibasic amino acids through the intestines and kidneys. The amino acids (component of protein) can't be broken down properly and used by the body so it builds up and causes damage.
• Dibasic aminoaciduria type 1: A rare disorder where the kidney excretes excessive amounts of certain amino acids (lysine, ornithine and arginine.
• Digitorenocerebral syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by numerous abnormalities involving the brain, kidneys, fingers, toes, nails and face as well as mental retardation and vision impairment.
• Dikephobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of justice.
• Dilaudid overdose: Dilaudid is a prescription drug used mainly to treat pain. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Dilaudid withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Dilaudid use is discontinued or reduced. Dilaudid is a pain-killing drug. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence. Symptoms are usually peak during the second day and last about a week.
• Dilutional hyponatremia: Low sodium levels due to excessive fluids.
• Dimorphic anemia: Dimorphic refers to anemia that has two different causes acting together e.g. iron deficiency as well as a Vitamin B12 deficiency.
• Dinophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of whirlpools.
• Diogenes syndrome: A rare condition where a person (usually an elderly person) fails to look after there personal cleanliness and hygiene. They tend to be untidy and hoard rubbish.
• Diomedi-Bernardi-Placidi syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by epilepsy, mental retardation and progressive leg weakness and spasticity.
• Diphenyl-hydantoin - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that the use of Diphenyl-hydantoin during pregnancy may cause a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Diplopiaphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of double vision.
• Dipsophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of drinking.
• Dipylidiasis: A parasitic intestinal infection caused by a tapeworm called Dipylidium caninum. The parasite commonly infects dogs and cats but can occur in humans. Transmission usually occurs through accidental ingestion of infected cat or dog fleas. Children are more likely to become infected and are also more likely to have symptoms.
• Discontinuation syndrome: Symptoms that can occur when a person suddenly stops taking their high blood pressure medication.
• Disequilibrium syndrome: A complication that can occur during or after dialysis and probably caused by abnormal water balance within the brain. Swelling of the brain causes a range of neurological symptoms.
• Disorganization: Difficulty staying organized in society as a symptom
• Disorientation: Forgetting your location or other mental confusion
• Dissociative Amnesia: The sudden loss of memory
• Dissociative Identity Disorder: A neurotic mental disorder where a person's field of consciousness is limited in order to fulfill an unconscious goal. Often selective amnesia is involved and the person develops what is called multiple personalities.
• Dissociative disorder: A sudden change in the state of consciousness and identity
• Distal Trisomy 11q: A very rare genetic disorder caused by a duplication of part of chromosome 11q. The characteristic symptoms of the disorder are delayed growth before and after birth, mental retardation (varying severity) and skull and facial defects. The type and severity of symptoms that can occur are variable.
• Distal trisomy 6q: Partial Trisomy 6q is a very rare genetic disorder where there are three copies of a portion of chromosome 6 in the cells of the body instead of the normal two. The range and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Distinctive Craniofacial Features - Pterygia - Mental Retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, underdeveloped genitals and various skull and facial anomalies.
• Dobriner syndrome: An inherited metabolic disorder involving a deficiency of coproporphyrinogen oxidase. The condition is similar to but milder than intermittent porphyria and sometimes includes photosensitivity.
• Dobrow syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal webbing inside the mouth, short stature, eye problems, mental retardation and small head, jaw, eyes and mouth.
• Domatophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of being inside a house.
• Doraphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of contact with animal fur or skin.
• Double Depression: Double depression occurs when someone with dysthymia experiences an episode of major depression.
• Double cortex syndrome: A rare brain development disorder which causes mental retardation and epilepsy. An extra layer of nerves develops under the brain cortex.
• Dowling-Degos disease: A rare condition characterized by progressive enlargement of pigmented areas that occur on areas of creased or folded skin such as armpits, groin, breasts and limbs.
• Down Syndrome: A chromosome syndrome causing physical effects and mental retardation.
• Down's Syndrome associated Alzheimer's disease: Early-onset Alzheimer's is more prevalent in Down's Syndrome sufferers than in the general population. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Down's syndrome associated Celiac Disease: Patients with Down's syndrome have a high degree of susceptibility to developing celiac disease. Up to 17% of Down's syndrome sufferers develop celiac disease but this rate varies amongst age groups and country of origin. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Doxepine-induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia: Doxepine -induced immune hemolytic anemia is a condition where use of a medication called Methyldopa triggers the body's immune system to destroy it's own red blood cells which results in anemia.
• Dravet syndrome: A rare, severe form of generalized infant epilepsy that starts after a fever. Initial infant development is normal but once the seizures start, psychomotor development slows and mental decline occurs. The seizures usually occur every month or two to start with.
• Drowsiness: Excessive tiredness or sleepiness
• Drug Allergies: Allergies to medications or other drugs.
• Drug abuse: Drug use as a symptom of other conditions
• Drug-induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia: Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia is a condition where a medication triggers the body's immune system to destroy its own red blood cells which results in anemia. Certain drugs are more likely to trigger this abnormal immune response than others e.g. cephalosphorins and Quinidine.
• Drug-induced Sideroblastic anemia: Drug-induced sideroblastic anemia is a blood disorder caused by drugs such as cycloserine, isoniazid and ethanol. The body has sufficient iron levels but is unable to utilise it properly in red blood cells. The iron becomes abnormally deposited in red blood cells which make them unable to function properly.
• Drug-induced hypertension: Drug-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by taking certain drugs or medications e.g. corticosteroids, cyclosporine, amphetamines, alcohol and estrogens.
• Drug-related insomnia: Drug related insomnia is sleeplessness that is attributable to the excessive usage of medications.
• Drug-resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae Disease: Streptococcal respiratory infection resistant to antibiotics
• Duane anomaly - mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and eye movement problems (Duane anomaly).
• Dubowitz Syndrome: A rare genetic and developmental disorder characterized by infantile eczema, small stature, microcephaly and peculiar facial features.
• Dup(1) (p22.1-p13.3): A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p22.1-p13.3) of chromosome one is duplicated. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Dup(1) (p31-p21): A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p31-p21) of chromosome one is duplicated. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Dup(1) (p31.4-p22.1): A very rare chromosomal disorder (single reported case) where a portion of the short arm (p31.4-p22.1) of chromosome one is duplicated. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Dup(1) (q11-q25) mosaicism: A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (q11-q25) of chromosome one is duplicated in some of the body's cells.
• Dup(1) (q24-q41): A very rare chromosomal disorder (two reported cases) where a portion of the long arm (q24-q41) of chromosome one is duplicated. The type and severity of symptoms may vary - one patient died soon after birth whereas the other survived with severe problems.
• Dup(1) (q25-q32): A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (q25-q32) of chromosome one is duplicated. The type and severity of symptoms may vary.
• Dup(1p36.3): A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (1p36.3) of chromosome one is duplicated.
• Duplication 10q partial: A very rare genetic disorder characterized by the duplication of genetic material from the long arm (q) of chromosome 10 - the genetic material occurs three times in body cells instead of the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms may vary considerably depending on the exact location and size of the duplicated genetic material.
• Duplication 12q: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the long arm (q) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. In most cases, death occurs during infancy. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is duplicated.
• Duplication 13: A rare and very severe chromosome disorder leading to mental retardation and physical defects. It is so severe that many babies die soon after birth. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is duplicated.
• Duplication 18: A rare genetic chromosomal syndrome where the child has an extra third copy of chromosome 18. Most fetuses are aborted before term, but a live birth with this condition occurs with a frequency around 1-in-3000. Duplication 18 syndrome is more severe than the more common Down syndrome. Duplication 18 syndrome causes mental retardation and numerous physical defects that often cause an early infant death. The condition has variable severity depending on how many of the body's cells have the extra chromosome and how much of the extra chromosome is duplicated. In severe forms all cells have an extra copy of the complete chromosome 18 whereas milder forms may have only some cells having the extra chromosome. Other mild forms may have an extra copy of only part of chromosome 18 in some or all of the body cells.
• Duplication 2p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 2 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two.
• Duplication 2q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Duplication 5p: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of all or part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 5 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material duplicated.
• Duplication 5q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 5 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Duplication 6p: A very rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 6 is duplicated resulting in various abnormalities depending on the location and length of missing genetic material.
• Duplication 6q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Duplication 6q, partial: Partial Trisomy 6q is a very rare genetic disorder where there are three copies of a portion of chromosome 6 in the cells of the body instead of the normal two. The range and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Duplication 7p: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of all or part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 7 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material duplicated.
• Duplication 7q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 7 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Duplication 8p: A rare chromosomal disorder where the short arm (p) of chromosome 8 is duplicated resulting in three copies instead of two. The type and severity of symptoms depends on the location and length of genetic material duplicated.
• Duplication 8q: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 is duplicated resulting in variable abnormalities depending on the location and length of genetic material deleted.
• Duplication 9p partial: A very rare genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material on the short arm (p) of chromosome 9 is duplicated which results in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the size and location of the genetic material involved.
• Dwarfism: An abnormally short individual
• Dwarfism - tall vertebrae: A rare form of dwarfism characterized by short stature as well as unusually tall vertebrae and hip deformities.
• Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen Syndrome: A rare genetic bone growth disorder characterized by short stature and other skeletal deformities.
• Dykes-Markes-Harper syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by dry, scaly skin, enlarged liver and spleen and a incoordination.
• Dysautonomia like disorder: A very rare condition observed in two sibling and characterized mainly by mental retardation and autonomic neuropathy. The sense of taste is normal.
• Dysbarism: A reaction caused by exposure to a sudden change in environmental pressure.
• Dyschondrosteosis - nephritis: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal bone development and kidney disease.
• Dysequilibrium syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and nonprogressive incoordination.
• Dysharmonic skeletal maturation - muscular fiber disproportion: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal bone development and muscle problems.
• Dyskeratosis congenita of Zinsser-Cole-Engman: An inherited condition characterized by recurring painful mouth ulcers, skin pigmentation and nail abnormalities.
• Dyslexia: Learning disorder from perception disorders rather than reduced brain function
• Dysmorphism - abnormal vocalization - mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, facial abnormalities and an abnormal voice.
• Dysmorphism - cleft palate - loose skin: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by facial abnormalities, an opening in the roof of the mouth and loose skin.
• Dysmorphophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of deformity. It usually relates to deformities in other people.
• Dysomnia: Dysomnia is a general term for sleep disorder. It is a primary sleep disorder in which the patient suffers from changes in the quantity, quality, or timing of sleep.
• Dysosteosclerosis: A rare inherited condition characterized by bone development abnormalities (excessive hardening of bone and flattened vertebrae), characteristic facial features. Excessive bone growth at the base of the skull can damage the optic nerves and affect vision.
• Dysphasic dementia, hereditary: An inherited form of dementia caused by nerve degeneration.
• Dysthymia: Chronic depression usually associated with elderly people suffering stress from a variety of causes.
• Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: A rare inherited skin blistering condition which can vary in severity depending on how it is inherited. Recessively inherited are more severe than dominantly inherited cases and can cause the loss of patches of skin and scarring which can impair limb function.
• EEC syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by absence of fingers and toes, ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip or cleft palate.
• Earache: Pain in the ear called "otalgia"
• Early-onset Alzheimer's: Early-onset Alzheimer's is a form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to genetic defects or occurs in a familial pattern. It is not as common as the non-inherited form of Alzheimer's - occurs in up to 90% of Alzheimer sufferers. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• East African Trypanosomiasis: East African sleeping sickness from the tsetse fly
• Eating symptoms: Symptoms related to eating.
• Ecclesiophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of church.
• Ecophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of home surroundings.
• Ecstasy abuse: Use of the illicit drug called ecstasy
• Ecstasy addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use ecstasy on a regular basis. Chronic ecstasy use can lead to dependency in as little as two weeks. Ecstasy is a synthetic psychoactive drug often used as a recreational drug. Street names for the drug includes: XTC, Adam, Clarity, Lover's Speed, Hug, Beans and Love Drug. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Ecstasy overdose: Ectsasy is an illegal and highly addictive recreational drug. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Ecstasy withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when ecstasy use is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Ectodermal dysplasia - hypohidrotic - hypothyroidism - ciliary diskinesia: A rare syndrome characterized by alopecia (A), nail problems (N), eye problems (O - ophthalmic), thyroid dysfunction (T), reduced sweating (H - hypohidrosis), freckles (E-ephelides), intestinal disease (E - enteropathy) and respiratory tract infections (R).
• Ectodermal dysplasia - mental retardation - CNS malformation: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, central nervous system disorders and skin, hair and nail abnormalities.
• Ectodermal dysplasia - mental retardation - central nervous system malformation: A rare syndrome characterized by severe mental retardation, hypothyroidism, abnormal brain development and hair, teeth and nail abnormalities.
• Ectodermal dysplasia - neurosensory deafness: A rare syndrome characterized by nerve deafness, abnormally bent fifth fingers, ectodermal dysplasia and scoliosis.
• Ectodermal dysplasia mental retardation syndactyly: A rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation, webbed fingers and hair, nail and teeth abnormalities.
• Ectodermal dysplasia, Berlin type: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by the absence of many or all teeth, a lack of hair, mental retardation and skin abnormalities.
• Ectodermal dysplasia, Margarita type: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, webbed digits, cleft lip, cleft palate, sparse hair, reduced sweating and teeth abnormalities. Progressive loss of scalp hair usually results in baldness by adulthood.
• Ectodermal dysplasia, hypohidrotic, autosomal recessive: A rare genetic multisystem disorder characterized by hair, teeth, nail and skin abnormalities and absence of certain sweat glands.
• Ectomorphic Habitus - Severe Mental Retardation - Characteristic Face: A rare condition characterized by severe mental retardation, underweight build and a characteristic facial appearance.
• Ectopia lentis, isolated: A rare syndrome characterized by dislocation of eye lenses which often occurred at birth.
• Edinburgh malformation syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mental and physical retardation, infant death and various other abnormalities.
• Edward Syndrome: A rare genetic chromosomal syndrome where the child has an extra third copy of chromosome 18. Most fetuses are aborted before term, but a live birth with this condition occurs with a frequency around 1-in-3000. Duplication 18 syndrome is more severe than the more common Down syndrome. Duplication 18 syndrome causes mental retardation and numerous physical defects that often cause an early infant death. The condition has variable severity depending on how many of the body's cells have the extra chromosome and how much of the extra chromosome is duplicated. In severe forms all cells have an extra copy of the complete chromosome 18 whereas milder forms may have only some cells having the extra chromosome. Other mild forms may have an extra copy of only part of chromosome 18 in some or all of the body cells.
• Edwards Syndrome: A rare inherited genetic disorder where a portion of chromosome 18 is duplicated. Most affected individuals die during the fetal stage and surviving infants have serious defects and tend to live for only a short while.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IX: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder involving a defective copper metabolism and characterized by mildly hyperextensible skin, lax joints, bladder problems and chronic diarrhea.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Beasley Cohen type: A rare condition where mental retardation, deafness and cataracts are associated with a connective tissue disorder called Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, X-linked: A rare developmental brain abnormality. Type 1 is caused by a defect on chromosome Xq28.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, classic type: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by hypermobile joints, joint dislocations and skin hyperextensibility and fragility - a combination of ED types I and II.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, progeroid form: A connective tissue disorder caused by an enzyme (xylosylprotein 4-beta-galactosyl transferase) deficiency.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, progeroid form 2: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by hypermobile joints, fragile skin, mental retardation and short stature.
• Ehrlichiosis: Bacterial tick-borne disease
• Eisoptrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of mirrors.
• Elective mutism: A rare psychiatric disorder where a child chooses not to speak in a social setting even though they are capable of speaking and often do so at home.
• Electrocution: Any injury caused by electricity
• Electrolyte abnormality: An imbalance in the level of any of a number of chemicals (electrolytes) in the blood stream e.g. chloride, sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, phosphate and bicarbonate. Symptoms can vary depending on which electrolyte is involved and the severity of the imbalance - severe cases can readily lead to death. An electrolyte abnormality can be caused by such things excessive loss of body fluid through vomiting or diarrhea, kidney conditions, malabsorption and various drugs such as diuretics and chemotherapy drugs.
• Electrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of electricity or receiving an electric shock.
• Elephant's-ear poisoning: The Elephant's ear is a common garden plant which has large, heart-shaped leaves on long stalks. The plant contains calcium oxalate and saphotoxin which can cause poisoning if eaten and irritation upon contact with skin or eyes. The toxins are quite poisonous and death can occur if sufficient quantities are eaten.
• Eleutherophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of freedom.
• Elurophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of cats.
• Emerinopathy: A rare, progressive muscle disease that starts during childhood and involves muscle weakness and wasting.
• Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, X-linked: A muscle wasting disorder mainly involving the muscles in the arms, legs, face, neck, spine and heart. Symptoms generally only occur in males but female carriers may have some symptoms.
• Emery-Nelson syndrome: A rare condition characterized by a flat face and hand and foot abnormalities.
• Emetophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of vomiting.
• Emotional symptoms: Symptoms affecting the emotions.
• Encephalitis: Infection of the brain (as a symptom)
• Encephalitis lethargica: A rare brain disease characterized by fever, headache, lethargy and reduced physical and mental responses. The disease occurred as an epidemic in the 1920's but now occurs sporadically - the exact cause is still not known.
• Encephalo cranio cutaneous lipomatosis: A rare genetic disorder characterized by craniofacial lipomas, cerebral atrophy and patches of alopecia.
• Encephalocele anterior: Protrusion of a portion of the brain tissue through a skull defect in the anterior portion of the skull. The severity of symptoms depends on the exact location and size of the deformity.
• Encephalocele frontal: Protrusion of a portion of the frontal brain tissue through a skull defect. The severity of symptoms depends on the exact location and size of the deformity.
• Encephaloceles: Improper protrusions of parts of the meninges and brain.
• Encephalopathy - intracranial calcification - growth hormone deficiency - microcephaly - retinal degeneration: A rare condition characterized mainly by brain disease, poor growth due to a deficiency of growth hormone, a small head and vision impairment.
• Encephalopathy due to sulphite oxidase deficiency: An inborn error of metabolism where an enzyme (sulphite oxidase) deficiency results in encephalopathy. Symptoms usually start at birth.
• Encephalopathy, familial, with neuroserpin inclusion bodies: A rare neurodegenerative disorder involving brain disease due to a genetic chemical abnormality which results in the abnormal deposit of neuroserpin inclusion bodies which is harmful to the nerves.
• End Stage Liver Failure: Late stage of liver failure characterised by the onset of mental and neurological symptoms, due to build up of toxic metabolites.
• Endocardial fibroelastosis: A rare heart disorder characterized by a thickening of the heart muscle lining causing heart enlargement and heart failure.
• Endogenous depression: Endogenous depression is a mood disorder that affects some people from birth and is believed to be a genetic condition. A sufferer is prone to become depressed on the advent of traumatic events, exhaustion or when under high levels of stress and may not be aware of the disorder until confronted by symptoms of depression for the first time.
• Endogenous insomnia: Insomnia that is often caused by a discomfort within the body ranging from indigestion to pain.
• Endomyocardial fibroelastosis: A rare heart malformation involving an abnormal thickening of the part of the heart muscle called the endocardium which affects the heart's function. Death is common in infancy and during early childhood.
• Enetophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of pins or needles.
• Engelhard-Yatziv syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by droopy eyelids, small head and finger and toe abnormalities.
• English Ivy poisoning: English Ivy is a poisonous vine fund in Europe, US and Canada. The leaves and berries are the most toxic part of the plant but all parts of the plant are toxic. Falcarinol and polyacetylene are the toxic chemicals found in the plant.
• Enterovirus antenatal infection: Fetal infection with enterovirus. The condition is extremely rare but infection around the time of birth often results in death or paralysis in survivors. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the exact type of virus involved and at what stage of development the infection occurs.
• Entomophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of insects.
• Eosophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of the dawn.
• Ependymoma: A tumor that occurs in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). Symptoms vary according to the aggressiveness, size and exact location of the tumor.
• Epidemic typhus: An infectious disease caused by Rickettsia prowazekii and transmitted by body lice. The severity of the illness may range from moderate to fatal.
• Epidermal nevus - vitamin D resistant rickets: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by the presence of birth marks on the skin, bone abnormalities and mental retardation.
• Epidermoid carcinoma: A non-small-cell type of lung cancer. The cancer develops from cells that line the inside of the lungs.
• Epidermolysis bullosa, late-onset, localized junctional, with mental retardation: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, hair and nail disorders, absence of teeth and areas fragile skin that blisters easily.
• Epilepsy: Paroxysmal transient disturbances of brain function that may manifest as loss of consciousness, abnormal motor phenomena
• Epilepsy - mental deterioration, Finnish type: A rare disorder that occurs predominantly in people of Finnish origin and is characterized by the association of epilepsy with mental retardation.
• Epilepsy - microcephaly - skeletal dysplasia: A rare syndrome characterized by epilepsy, a small head and skeletal abnormalities.
• Epilepsy - telangiectasia: A rare syndrome characterized by the association of epilepsy with telangiectasias on the conjunctiva of the eyelids.
• Epilepsy with myoclonic-astatic crisis: A form of childhood epilepsy which is associated with a sudden loss of muscle tone which often results in the sufferer falling over and possibly injuring themselves.
• Epilepsy, Pyridoxine-Dependent: A form of epilepsy which responds to pyridoxine hydrochloride administration and not to standard anticonvulsant medication.
• Epilepsy, X-linked - learning disabilities - behavior disorders: An inherited syndrome characterized by epilepsy, behavioral disorders and learning disability. Patients may suffer various combinations of the disorder. The onset of seizures can vary from childhood to adulthood.
• Epilepsy, myoclonic progressive familial: A progressive central nervous system disorder characterized by involuntary muscle jerking that can involve just the limbs or the whole body.
• Epilepsy, progressive myoclonic 3: A genetic disorder involving the early onset of progressive myoclonic epilepsy. The infant develops normally for the first year or so of life and the seizures start usually before the age of two. Once the seizures start, neurological degeneration begins.
• Epilepsy, pyridoxin-dependent: A form of epilepsy which responds to pyridoxine hydrochloride administration and not to standard anticonvulsant medication.
• Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 1: A genetic form of epilepsy which is severe and starts during infancy. This form of the condition is caused by a defect on the ARX gene.
• Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 2: A genetic form of epilepsy which is severe and starts during infancy. The condition is considered an atypical form of Rett syndrome due to the development of stereotypical hand movements and repetitive behaviors. This form of the condition is caused by a defect on the CDKL5 gene.
• Epiphyseal dysplasia - hearing loss - dysmorphism: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by hearing loss, unusual face and bone development abnormalities.
• Epiphyseal dysplasia dysmorphism camptodactyly: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by hearing loss, unusual face and bone development abnormalities.
• Episodic ataxia, type 6: A rare genetic disorder characterized by episodes of incoordination and unsteadiness. Stress and exertion may trigger the episodes which tend to last for about half an hour. Type 6 is extremely rare and is caused by a defect on chromosome 5p13.
• Epstein Barr virus related fibromyalgia: Epstein Barr virus related fibromyalgia refers to fibromyalgia that is associated with infection with the Epstein Barr virus. Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterized mainly by pain mainly in the muscles which involves no associated damage to the tissues.
• Ereuthophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of blushing.
• Ergasiophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of or aversion to work. The word is sometimes used to describe a surgeon's fear of operating.
• Ergophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of work.
• Erotophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of sexual feelings. The condition is characterized by feelings of guilt and fear about sex. Sufferers dislkike talking about sex, are less likely to engage in sexual relations and have a very negative view of sexually explicit material. This term is used mostly in the field of psychology.
• Erythrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of blushing.
• Erythropoietin-induced hypertension: Erythropoietin-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by taking erythropoietin which is sometimes used to treat anemia in conditions such as chornic kidney failure. Patients with an existing history of hypertension may suffer further blood pressure increases while taking amphetamines and this can be serious. Severity of symptoms varies amongst patients depending on their susceptibility, underlying health and duration of erythropoietin use.
• Ethanol-induced Sideroblastic anemia: Ethanol-induced sideroblastic anemia is a blood disorder caused by consuming ethanol. The body has sufficient iron levels but is unable to utilise it properly in red blood cells. The iron becomes abnormally deposited in red blood cells which make them unable to function properly.
• Euhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by tooth, hair and facial abnormalities.
• Euphophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of good news.
• Euphoria: Extreme happiness or raised mood
• Excessive dieting: Excessive limitation of food intake can lead to problems and effects such as dizziness, depression, intestinal problems, edema and impaired growth.
• Extrinsic asthma: Extrinsic asthma is a type of asthma that is triggered by an exposure to an allergen. Extrinsic asthma involves constriction and inflammation of the airways in response to exposure to the allergen. Examples of possible allergens include dust mites, pollen and mould. The severity of symptoms and allergen involved is variable.
• FG Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by anal abnormalities, reduced muscle tone and a prominent forehead.
• FG syndrome 1: A rare inherited disorder characterized by anal abnormalities, reduced muscle tone and abnormal brain development. In type 1, the genetic defect is located on chromosome Xq12-q21.31.
• FG syndrome 2: A rare inherited disorder characterized by anal abnormalities, reduced muscle tone and abnormal brain development. In type 2, the genetic defect is located on chromosome Xq28.
• FG syndrome 3: A rare inherited disorder characterized by anal abnormalities, reduced muscle tone and abnormal brain development. In type 3, the genetic defect is located on chromosome Xp22.3.
• FG syndrome 4: A rare inherited disorder characterized by anal abnormalities, reduced muscle tone and abnormal brain development. In type 4, the genetic defect is located on chromosome Xp11.4-p11.3.
• FG syndrome 5: A rare inherited disorder characterized by anal abnormalities, reduced muscle tone and abnormal brain development. In type 5, the genetic defect is located on chromosome Xq22.3.
• FRAXD: A condition where a particular genetic mutation (Xq27.2) causes mental retardation.
• Fabry's Disease: An inherited metabolic disorder where phospholipids are deposited mostly in the blood vessels as well as other tissues and organs. Symptoms include skin lesions, small red spots on the abdomen, thighs and scrotum, fever, peripheral edema, hypertension and renal failure. Also called angiokeratoma corporis diffusion, Anderson's syndrome, Anderson-Fabry disease, Morbus Anderson-Fabry, Ruiter-Pompen syndrome or Sweeley-Klionsky disease.
• Facial asymetry - temporal seizures: A rare condition characterized mainly by seizures that originate from the temporal lobe of the brain.
• Facial asymmetry - temporal seizures: A rare condition characterized mainly by seizures that originate from the temporal lobe of the brain as well as facial asymmetry.
• Facial clefting corpus callosum agenesis: A rare syndrome characterized by the association of facial clefts with a brain defect where the structure between the two halves of the brain (corpus callosum) fails to develop. Symptoms may vary somewhat depending on how much of the corpus callosum is missing and the extent of the facial clefting.
• Facial dysmorphism - intellectual deficit - short stature - hearing loss: A very rare inherited disorder characterized by retarded growth, mental retardation, bone abnormalities and distinctive facial features.
• Facial dysmorphism - shawl scrotum - joint laxity syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by loose joints, facial anomalies and a shawl scrotum.
• Factitious syndromes: A disorder that a person believes they have that however does not exist
• Fahr's Syndrome: A rare neurologic disorder where calcium is deposited in various parts of the brain resulting in progressive loss of motor and mental function.
• Failure to thrive: Inadequate or interrupted physical growth.
• Familial Forms of Alzheimer's Disease: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour. Familial forms of the disease tend to run in families and are linked to mutations on various genes. Chromosome 1, 14 19 and 21 are the main chromosomes where mutations resulting in Alzheimer's are located..
• Familial band heterotopia: A rare inherited disorder where a part of the brain tissue is misplaced during development. More specifically, a layer of brain tissue is abnormally located in the white matter.
• Familial chronic infantile diffuse sclerosis: A degenerative brain disease involving deterioration of the brain white matter which affects motor and mental functioning. The chronic infantile form starts during infancy and progresses slowly with survival possible to middle age.
• Familial dysautonomia: An inherited biochemical disorder that primarily affects the autonomic and sensory nervous system.
• Familial hypertension: An inherited from of high blood pressure that tends to run in families.
• Familial hypertryptophanemia: A rare genetic metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of tryptophan in the blood. The disorder tends to run in families (familial).
• Familial hypopituitarism: Impaired pituitary gland hormone-producing activity that tends to run in families. The failure of the pituitary gland in turn affects other hormone-producing glands which rely on the hormones from the pituitary gland for their activity. Symptoms are determined by the degree and type of hormone deficiency involved.
• Familial hypothyroidism: Impaired thyroid activity that tends to run in families.
• Familial infantile metachromatic leukodystrophy - late infantile: An infantile form of an inherited biochemical disorder involving a deficiency of an enzyme called cerebroside sulfatase. The enzyme deficiency causes cerebroside sulfate to build up within the body and causes damage to the nervous system including the brain. The late infantile form of this disease is much more common than the juvenile or adult form.
• Familial porencephaly: A very rare developmental abnormality that tends to run in families and is characterized by a localized accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. The severity of symptoms is determined by the size and location of the brain abnormality.
• Fanconi pancytopenia: A rare genetic disorder characterized by upper limb defects and kidney abnormalities.
• Fanconi syndrome: Fanconi syndrome that occurs secondary to the accumulation of crystals of light-chain immunoglobulin molecules in the kidney tubules which affects their functioning.
• Fanconi-Turler syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, ataxia and uncoordinated eye movements due to degeneration of parts of the brain.
• Fanconi-ichthyosis-dysmorphism: A very rare syndrome characterized by scaly skin (ichthyosis), anemia, muscle anomalies and various other abnormalities. All six reported cases died within 6 months.
• Fara-Chlupackova syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by ear, face and neck abnormalities.
• Farber's disease: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the deficiency of an enzyme called ceramidase resulting in the harmful accumulation of certain chemicals in the body which causes damage and inflammation.
• Farouk-induced lead poisoning: Farouk is a folk remedy by Saudi Arabian people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Fatal familial insomnia: A very rare inherited brain disease that severely affects sleep and causes progressive deterioration of mental and movement functions.
• Fear: Excessive feelings of fear.
• Febriphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of fever.
• Fecal incontinence: The loss of control of a persons bowel motions
• Feigenbaum-Bergeron-Richardson syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness, diabetes, epilepsy, kidney disease and premature hardening of the arteries.
• Female reproductive toxicity - Alcohol: There is some evidence which indicates that some women exposed to alcohol may suffer adverse effects as a result. Possible adverse effects due to chronic maternal alcohol exposure includes irregular menstrual cycle, fetal alcohol syndrome and physical and behavioral problems. Scientists have been unable to establish the quantity of alcohol required to cause reproductive toxicity.
• Fentanyl toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Fenton-Wilkinson-Toselano syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by ataxia, light sensitivity and short stature.
• Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome: A rare disorder caused by fetal exposure to phenytoin (anticonvulsant drug) and resulting in various abnormalities.
• Fetal alcohol syndrome: A condition which occurs in a new born fetus and is caused by the mother consuming excess alcohol during her pregnancy
• Fetal brain disruption sequence: A very rare syndrome characterized by skull and brain abnormalities.
• Fetal thalidomide syndrome: The maternal use of thalidomide during pregnancy increases the risk of birth defects.
• Fetterbush poisoning: Fetterbush is an evergreen shrub which bears elongated spikes of small, urn-shaped flowers. The plant is found mainly in the US. The leaves and flower nectar contain andromedotoxin which is very poisonous if eaten. Severe poisoning can result in death.
• Fibromatosis gingival - hypertrichosis: A rare disorder characterized by excessive growth of body hair and enlarged gums.
• Fibromyalgia: A difficult to diagnose condition affecting the muscles and/or joints
• Filippi Syndrome: A very rare disorder involving finger and toe abnormalities, a small head, characteristic face and physical and mental retardation. The number of digits involved and extent of webbing between digits is variable as are many of the other features.
• Fine-Lubinsky syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a short head, deafness, cataracts and mental retardation.
• Fitzsimmons-McLachlan-Gilbert syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation paraplegia and thickened coarse skin on palms and soles.
• Flea-borne diseases: Diseases that are carried by fleas
• Floating Harbor Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by growth deficiency, typical facial appearance and speech delay.
• Florida leucothoe poisoning: The Florida leucothoe is a shrubby plant often grown in gardens. The leaves contain andromedotoxin which can cause serious symptoms if eaten. The plant is considered very poisonous and can result in death if sufficient quantities of leaves are consumed.
• Focal cortical dysplasia type II: Abnormal development of the brain cortex which results in severe, untreatable seizures which occur several times a day.
• Focal cortical dysplasia type IIA: Abnormal development of the brain cortex which results in severe, untreatable seizures which occur several times a day. Type IIA is distinguished by the lack of balloon cells wheras type IIB has balloon cells present. Balloon cells are abnormal cells in the brain tissue.
• Folate-deficiency anemia: Folate-deficiency anemia is a blood condition characterized by low levels of folate in the body which leads to a reduction in the number of red blood cells. It is usually the result of a poor diet, malabsorption issues or the use of certain medications.
• Folic acid toxicity: Excessive consumption of folic acid can cause symptoms of toxicity.
• Food Additive Adverse reaction - MSG: An intolerance to MSG is an adverse reaction (not an immune response) by the body to a food additive called MSG which is used in a number of foods. The adverse reaction results from the body's inability to metabolize or deal with the food additive. The amount of the substance required to trigger the onset of symptoms and the nature and severity of symptoms may vary considerably between patients.
• Food Additive Adverse reaction - amines: An intolerance to amines is an adverse reaction (not an immune response) by the body to amines which are found naturally in foods such as bananas, pineapples, vegetables, red wine, citrus fruit and many other foods. The adverse reaction results from the body's inability to metabolize or deal with the substance. The amount of the substance required to trigger the onset of symptoms and the nature and severity of symptoms may vary considerably between patients.
• Food Additive Adverse reaction - chocolate: An intolerance to chocolate is an adverse reaction (not an immune response) by the body to chocolate. The adverse reaction results from the body's inability to metabolize the food. The amount of chocolate required to trigger the onset of symptoms and the nature and severity of symptoms may vary considerably between patients.
• Food Additive Adverse reaction - food additives: An intolerance to food additives is an adverse reaction (not an immune response) by the body to food additives. The adverse reaction results from the body's inability to metabolize or deal with the food additive. The amount of the substance required to trigger the onset of symptoms and the nature and severity of symptoms may vary considerably between patients.
• Food Additive Adverse reaction - salicylate: An intolerance to salicylates is an adverse reaction (not an immune response) by the body to salicylates which is an ingredient in aspirin but is also found naturally in various fruit, vegetables, herbs and spices. The adverse reaction results from the body's inability to metabolize or deal with the salicylate. The amount of the substance required to trigger the onset of symptoms and the nature and severity of symptoms may vary considerably between patients.
• Food Additive Adverse reaction - sulfite: An intolerance to sulfites is an adverse reaction (not an immune response) by the body to sulfites which is often used as a preservative in a variety of foods and medications including meats, salads and dried fruits. The adverse reaction results from the body's inability to metabolize or deal with the sulfite. The amount of the substance required to trigger the onset of symptoms and the nature and severity of symptoms may vary considerably between patients.
• Food Additive Adverse reaction - sulphite: An intolerance to sulphite is an adverse reaction (not an immune response) by the body to sulphite. The adverse reaction results from the body's inability to metabolize the substance. The amount of sulphite required to trigger the onset of symptoms and the nature and severity of symptoms may vary considerably between patients.
• Food Additive Allergy: A food additive allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive or a food or drink containing to food additive. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - Annatto: Annatto allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a yellow food coloring called annatto which is used as an additive in a number of foods and drinks The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - BHA antioxidants: A BHA antioxidant allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called BHA antioxidant which is used primarily in fats and oils to prevent them spoiling. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - BHT antioxidants: A BHT antioxidant allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called BHT antioxidant which is used primarily in fats and oils to prevent them spoiling. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - Carmine: A carmine allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to carmine which is used as an additive in a number of foods (red yoghurt, red popsicles, red drinks) as well as in some cosmetics The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - amaranth: An amaranth allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a red food coloring called amaranth which is used in a number of foods and drinks. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - antioxidants: An antioxidant allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called antioxidants which is used primarily in fats and oils to prevent them spoiling. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - benzoate: A benzoate allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called benzoate which is used in a number of foods. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - carageenan gum: A carageenan gum allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called carageenan gum which is used in a number of foods. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - erythrosine: An erythrosine allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a red food coloring called erythrosine which is used in a number of foods and drinks. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - guar gum: A guar gum allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called guar gum which is used in a number of foods. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - gum: A gum allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called gum which is used in a number of foods. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - gum acacia: A gum acacia allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called gum acacia which is used in a number of foods. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - gum tragacanth: A gum tragacanth allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called gum traganth (type of gum) which is used in a number of foods. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - lecithin: A lecithin allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called lecithin which is used in a number of foods. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - locust bean gum: A locust bean gum allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called locust bean gum which is used in a number of foods. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - quinoline yellow: A quinoline yellow allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a yellow food coloring called quinoline yellow which is used in a number of foods and drinks. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - saffron: A saffron allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a yellow food coloring called saffron which is used as an additive in a number of foods and drinks. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - salicytes: A salicylate allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called salicylate which is used in a number of foods. Salicylates also occur naturally in a wide range of plant foods especially fruits. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - sulphite: A sulphite allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called sulphite which is used in a number of foods. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - sulphite derivative: A sulphite derivative allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called sulphite derivative which is used in a number of foods. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - sunset yellow: A sunset yellow allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a yellow food coloring called sunset yellow which is used in a number of foods and drinks. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - tartrazine: A tartrazine allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to tartrazine which is used as an additive in a number of foods (some breakfast cereals, cake mixes, chocolate chips etc.) The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Additive Allergy - xanthan gum: A xanthan gum allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a food additive called xanthan gum which is used in a number of foods. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients and may range from mild to severe.
• Food Allergy - beef: A beef allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to beef. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - buckwheat: A buckwheat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to buckwheat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - chicken meat: A chicken meat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to chicken meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - duck meat: A duck meat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to duck meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - goose meat: A goose meat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to goose meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - lamb: A lamb allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to lamb meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - meat: A meat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - pork: A pork allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - red meat: A red meat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to red meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food addiction: Food addiction refers to compulsive eating that is unrelated to actual hunger. The person feels compelled to eat even when they aren't hungry. Although it is not considered a recognised addiction it can have a significant impact on a person's life and health. Food addicts often have underlying emotional problems.
• Fountain Syndrome: A very rare inherited disorder involving mental retardation, sensorineural deafness, skeletal defects, coarse facial features and full lips.
• Four-O'Clock poisoning: The Four-O'Clock plant is a popular flowering ornamental plant which often has different colored flowers on the same plant. The roots and seeds of the plant contains a toxin called trigonelline which can cause skin irritation upon contact with the skin or gastrointestinal symptoms if eaten. The seeds may produce a hallucinogenic effects if smoked or eaten.
• Foxglove poisoning: The foxglove is a herb which produces fruit in a capsule and colored, tubular flowers. The leaves, flowers and seeds of the plant contain a very toxic chemical called digitalis glycoside which can cause serious symptoms or even death if eaten. Skin irritation can occur if contact with the skin occurs. NOTE: Patients who are taking certain medications (digoxin, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers) are more susceptible to foxglove poisoning.
• Fragile-X Syndrome: A rare inherited characterized by various physical anomalies as well as mental retardation. The symptoms are milder in females.
• Franceschini-Vardeu-Guala syndrome: A very rare disorder characterized by premature puberty, lower lip pits and Kabuki syndrome. Kabuki syndrome is a mental retardation syndrome which also involves a range of physical abnormalities.
• Franek-Bocker-Kahlen syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head, brain defect, spasticity and high sodium level.
• Frank-Ter Haar syndrome: A rare genetic bone disorder characterized by skeletal abnormalities, enlarged corneas and characteristic facial abnormalities.
• Fraser Syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by the absence of one or both eyes as well as any of a number of other possible congenital abnormalities. Up to half of cases are stillborn.
• Free sialic Acid storage disease: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of sialic acid in the tissues and excretion of sialic acid in the urine. There are mild and severe forms of the condition - the severe form result in death before birth or within a few years of birth.
• Freire-Maia odontotrichomelic syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by tooth, hair and limb abnormalities.
• Freire-Maia syndrome: An extremely rare syndrome characterized by tooth, hair and limb abnormalities. The abnormalities can be quite severe in some cases. The parents may have been related in the reported cases.
• Fretfulness: sense of being easily irritable.
• Fried syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, buildup of fluid inside the skull and an unusual facial appearance. The disorder is inherted in a X-linked manner.
• Frigophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of cold.
• Froehlich syndrome: A rare condition where an endocrine abnormality (caused by such things as a pituitary tumor or damage to the hypothalamus) affects hormone levels which results in a variety of symptoms.
• Fronto-temporal dementia and Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17): A rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by a genetic anomaly and characterized by dementia and parkinsonism.
• Frontotemporal dementia: A degenerative brain disease involving frontal and temporal brain lobes resulting in dementia. Degeneration of the frontal lobe causes behavioral and personality changes degeneration of the temporal lobe causes semantic dementia.
• Frontotemporal dementia, ubiquitin-positive: A rare inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily by progressive social, behavioral and language deterioration due to changes in the frontotemporal portion of the brain.
• Fryns Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by diaphragmatic abnormalities, coarse face and abnormal growth or development of ends of fingers and toes.
• Fryns macrocephaly: A rare syndrome characterized by a large head, seizures, spasticity, weakness and unusual facial appearance.
• Fryns-Aftimos syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal brain development, epilepsy, mental retardation and unusual facial appearance.
• Fryns-Smeets-Thiry syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by short stature, mental retardation, small head, skeletal anomalies and various other abnormalities.
• Fucosidosis type 1: A rare biochemical disorder involving deficiency of an enzyme (alpha-fucosidase) which results in accumulation of certain chemicals (glycosphingolipids) in the central nervous system and other body tissues. It is an infantile form of fucosidosis which starts early and rapidly progresses to early death.
• Fucosidosis type II: A form of the biochemical disorder called fucosidosis where an enzyme deficiency (alpha-fucosidase) results in the accumulation of certain chemicals (glycosphingolipids) in the central nervous system and other body tissues. Symptoms start later and progress slower than in type I and is distinguished by warty skin growths.
• Fukuyama type muscular dystrophy: A rare inherited muscle wasting disease occurring predominantly in Japan and characterized by mental retardation and muscle weakness from infancy.
• Functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor: Tumors that develop in the pancreas and cause excessive secretion of one or more pancreatic hormones such as insulin, somatostatin, glucagons, gastrin, ACTH (corticosteroids) and vasoactive intestinal peptidase.
• Fungal meningitis: Fungal meningitis is an infection that causes swelling and irritation of the tissue around the brain and spinal cord. It usually strikes people whose weakened immune systems can't fight off infection. The disease is not common. but it can be very serious.
• Fungemia: The presence of fungi in the blood. Most commonly occurs in people with a compromised immune system. Other risk factors include dialysis, burns, diabetes and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and steroids. The severity of symptoms is variable.
• GM2-gangliosidosis, AB variant: A very rare inherited disorder where the brain and spinal cord nerve cells (central nervous system) are progressively destroyed.
• GSD IIB - formerly: A rare inherited disorder characterized by severe heart problems, varying degrees of muscle weakness and often mental retardation. Other symptoms such as mental retardation may also occur. The genetic anomaly manifests as a deficiency of a protein called LAMP-2 (Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2) which affects lysosomes. The condition is now known as Danon disease.
• GSD2B - formerly: A rare inherited disorder characterized by severe heart problems, varying degrees of muscle weakness and often mental retardation. Other symptoms such as mental retardation may also occur. The genetic anomaly manifests as a deficiency of a protein called LAMP-2 (Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2) which affects lysosomes. The condition is now known as Danon disease.
• GTP cyclohydrolase deficiency: A rare metabolic disorder caused by an enzyme deficiency (GTP cyclohydrolase) which causes a harmful build up of phenylalanine in the blood.
• Galactosemia I: A rare inherited disorder where deficiency of a particular enzyme (galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase) prevents the metabolism of galactose which is a sugar component of milk. Ranges from milk intolerance in mild cases to death in severe untreated cases.
• Galeophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of sharks.
• Galloway syndrome: A rare genetic disorder primarily involving physical and developmental abnormalities.
• Gambling addiction: Addiction to gambling activities.
• Gametophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of marriage.
• Gaming addiction: Gaming addiction refers to the excessive amounts of time spent on online computer games. When the person attempts to reduce the amount of time spent on the activity they suffer withdrawal symptoms such as irritability and anxiety. The preoccupation can cause problems with relationships and even with work performance.
• Gamophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of marriage.
• Ganglioglioma: A type of tumor that develops in the central nervous system. The tumor originates from glial and nerve cells. The tumor may grow rapidly and symptom will vary depending on the exact location and size of the tumor.
• Gangliosidosis, generalized GM1 type 3: A rare biochemical disorder involving a deficiency of an enzyme (beta-galactosidase A) which results in the accumulation of harmful chemicals (GM1 gangliosides) in the central nervous system and other body tissues. Type III involves a lesser degree of accumulation than type II or I.
• Gangrene: Death (necrosis) of a portion of tissue or entire organ due to decreased perfusion with blood or infectious destruction of tissue.
• Gardner-Morrisson-Abbot syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by thrombocytopenia and various other abnormalities present at birth.
• Garret-Tripp syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by extra digits, a lack of hair and scaly skin on the scalp, face and neck.
• Gastroenteritis: An infection of the bowel
• Gaucher disease type 2: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the deficiency of the enzyme called glucocerebrosidase and accumulation of glycosylceramide (glucocerebroside). There are three forms of this disease: type 1, 2 and 3. Type 2 is acute neurological form apparent in infancy.
• General somatic pain: General somatic pain is a typical sensory experience that may be described as the unpleasant awareness of a noxious stimulus or bodily harm.
• Generalized lipodystrophy with mental retardation, deafness, short stature and slender bones: A recessively inherited disorder characterized by short stature, mental retardation, deafness, slender bones and degeneration of the body's fat tissue.
• Generalized seizures: Abnormal electrical activity that starts in larger areas of the brain and involves both sides of the brain. Various symptoms occur depending on the part of the brain involved. Symptoms generally last for a matter of minutes but full recovery may take hours. Often patients are confused and tired after a seizure episode.
• Geniophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of chins.
• Genital anomaly - cardiomyopathy: A rare syndrome characterized by the association of heart disease with genital abnormalities.
• Genophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of sex.
• Genuphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of knees.
• Gephyrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of crossing a bridge.
• Gerascophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of growing old.
• German syndrome: A rare disorder caused by fetal exposure to trimethadione (anticonvulsant drug) and resulting in various physical and developemental abnormalities.
• Gerstmann's Syndrome: Brain defect causing various cognitive problems.
• Geumophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of tastes or flavors.
• Ghasard-induced lead poisoning: Ghasard is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Asian and Indian people as a tonic (usually for indigestion). This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Giacomini disease: A rare inherited disorder characterized mainly by a small head and usually associated with mental retardation and various eye defects.
• Giant axonal neuropathy: A rare genetic disorder characterized by incoordination, vision problems and dementia caused by abnormalities of a nerve cell component.
• Glioblastoma: An aggressive primary brain tumour of the glial (supporting) cells.
• Glioma: A rare type of tumor that occurs from glial cells that make up the central nervous system. These tumors usually occur in the brain but can also occur in the spinal cord and other nerves such as the optic nerve. Symptoms depend on the size and location of the tumor.
• Gliomatosis cerebri: A rare, aggressive type of malignant brain tumor. Cancerous glial cells infiltrate various parts of the brain and can result in a variety of symptoms.
• Gliosarcoma: A type of brain tumor that originates from glial cells. The tumor may grow rapidly and symptom will vary depending on the exact location and size of the tumor.
• Global developmental delay - osteopenia - ectodermal defect: A rare syndrome characterized by developmental delay, osteopenia and skin anomalies.
• Glomerulonephritis - sparse hair - telangiectases: A rare syndrome characterized by sparse hair, kidney disease and enlarged skin blood vessels (telangiectasia).
• Glossophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of speaking in public or speech anxiety.
• Glucagonoma syndrome: A rare condition characterized by a tumor which secretes glucagon and a characteristic spreading rash, diabetes mellitus and various other symptoms.
• Glucose transport defect, blood-brain barrier: A rare metabolic disorder involving a deficiency of a molecule needed to transport glucose (GLUT1). The glucose is unable to be transported from the blood and into the brain and cerebrospinal fluid. Sugar transport to the brain is essential for normal development. The blood sugar level remains normal. Fasting exacerbates symptoms which can very in severity depending on the degree of deficiency.
• Glue ear: A condition which affects the ear and is characterized by a chronic accumulation of the fluid leading to a loss of hearing
• Glutamate decarboxylase deficiency: A rare disorder of amino acid metabolism characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme called glutamate decarboxylase which causes seizures that will only respond to pyridoxine (vitamin B6).
• Glutaric Aciduria, neonatal form of type II A: A more serious neonatal form of glutaricaciduria where there is excessive blood and urine levels of glutaric acid and congenital anomalies may be present.
• Glutaric aciduria type II: A rare disorder of amino acid metabolism characterized by a defect in the enzyme ETF (electron transfer flavenoid) or ETF dehydrogenase. The condition causes variable symptoms.
• Glutathione synthetase deficiency, severe: An inborn error of metabolism where insufficient glutathione is produced. Glutathione is an antioxidant which helps destroy unstable molecules that can cause damage to cells and helps develop certain cell components. The condition is due to insufficient glutathione synthetase enzyme. The condition may range from mild, resulting in excessive destruction of red blood cells, to severe which includes neurological symptoms.
• Gluten allergy: Gluten allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to gluten or foods containing gluten. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches. Gluten allergy is similar to celiac disease - celiac disease only occurs in people with a genetic defect which predisposes them to the condition whereas gluten can occur in anyone but is more common in people who are also prone to other allergies.
• Glycine encephalopathy, atypical mild form: A rare disorder of amino acid metabolism where glycine are unable to be metabolized properly due to defects in the glycine cleavage system. The atypical mild form tends to be quite mild and can be difficult to diagnose due to the nonspecific symptoms.
• Glycine encephalopathy, classical neonatal early-onset form: A rare disorder of amino acid metabolism where glycine are unable to be metabolized properly due to defects in the glycine cleavage system. The early onset classical neonatal form usually starts after a period of normal development during the first 6 months of life.
• Glycine encephalopathy, classical neonatal form: A rare disorder of amino acid metabolism where glycine are unable to be metabolized properly due to defects in the glycine cleavage system.
• Glycine synthase deficiency: A rare genetic disorder characterized by high blood glycine levels which is toxic to the body. The severity of the condition varies according to the degree of deficiency and age of onset. The classical neonatal form is generally quite severe, the atypical mild form which generally includes symptoms such as aggressiveness, behavioral problems and speech problems. The transient neonatal form involves high blood glycine levels at birth which then returns to normal within a couple of months - there was no neurological or developmental impairment.
• Glycogen Storage Disease IIb - formerly: A rare inherited disorder characterized by severe heart problems, varying degrees of muscle weakness and often mental retardation. Other symptoms such as mental retardation may also occur. The genetic anomaly manifests as a deficiency of a protein called LAMP-2 (Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2) which affects lysosomes. The condition is now known as Danon disease.
• Glycogen storage disease type 1C: A genetic metabolic disorder involving a deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase (due to a defect in the microsomal phosphate) which results in the accumulation of glycogen in various tissues. G6P is stored as glycogen until the body needs to convert it to a sugar for energy. The enzyme deficiency prevents the conversion and hence low blood sugar levels result.
• Glycogen storage disease type 1D: A genetic metabolic disorder involving a deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase (due to a defect in the microsomal glucose transporter) which results in the accumulation of glycogen in various tissues. G6P is stored as glycogen until the body needs to convert it to a sugar for energy. The enzyme deficiency prevents the conversion and hence low blood sugar levels result.
• Glycogen storage disease type 2B: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the harmful accumulation of certain chemicals (glycogen) in body tissues due to the deficiency of an enzyme (?-glucosidase or acid maltase) needed to break it down. Type IIB usually starts during childhood.
• Glycogen storage disease type 2B - formerly: A rare inherited disorder characterized by severe heart problems, varying degrees of muscle weakness and often mental retardation. Other symptoms such as mental retardation may also occur. The genetic anomaly manifests as a deficiency of a protein called LAMP-2 (Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2) which affects lysosomes. The condition is now known as Danon disease.
• Glycogen storage disease type 6: A rare, generally mild form of inherited glycogen storage disease where a deficiency of phosphorylase b kinase leads to hypoglycemia and accumulation of glycogen in the liver.
• Glycogen storage disease type 6A, due to phosphorylase kinase deficiency: A rare, generally mild form of inherited glycogen storage disease where a deficiency of phosphorylase kinase leads to hypoglycemia and accumulation of glycogen in the liver. Phosphorylase kinase deficiency can cause glycogen storage disease type VIa and/or IX.
• Glycogenosis type 2: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the harmful accumulation of certain chemicals (glycogen) in body tissues due to the deficiency of an enzyme (?-glucosidase or acid maltase) needed to break it down. The severity of the condition is variable and onset may occur during infancy, childhood or adulthood.
• Gms syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation, short stature and an eye abnormality.
• Goldberg syndrome: A rare lysosomal storage disorder characterized by an enzyme deficiency (neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase) which results in a build-up of glycoproteins in the urine. There are three main subtypes: infantile, juvenile and adult forms. The early infantile form is the most severe and often results in death during infancy.
• Goldblatt-Wallis syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation and an abnormal
• Gomez and Lopez-Hernandez syndrome: A rare genetic condition characterized by various abnormalities such as mental deficiency, small head, short stature, eye problems and movement problems.
• Gonadal dysgenesis XY type associated anomalies: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by
• Gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty: A rare disorder affecting males where premature puberty is not caused by a premature release of gonadotropin hormones.
• Grand mal seizures: A condition which is characterized by the sudden onset of generalized muscle spasms and loss of consciousness
• Grand-Kaine-Fulling syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by disease of the retinal blood vessels and degeneration of the central nervous system.
• Granulomatous Angiitis of the Central Nervous System: Inflammation of blood vessels in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). The condition tends to recur.
• Granulomatous amebic encephalitis: Brain/CNS infection from Acanthamoeba bacteria
• Graphophobia: An exaggerated or irrational dislike of writing.
• Graves disease: A condition which is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid resulting hyperthyroidism
• Greenhead ant sting: The Greenhead ant is found in parts of Australia and can cause allergic reactions in susceptible people. Some people have a relatively minor allergic response whereas other develop anaphylaxis which is a life-threatening allergic response which requires urgent medical attention. The ants have a venom gland attached to a stinger located in their tail region. Ants can sting more than once.
• Greig Cephalopolysyndactyly Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by premature closing of skull bones and craniofacial abnormalities, finger and toe abnormalities.
• Greta-induced lead poisoning: Greta is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Grief or loss: The normal emotional response that occurs to an external loss
• Grix-Blankenship-Peterson syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, bone defects and head and face abnormalities.
• Grob syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by a partial lack of hair, epicanthus, cleft lip and palate, mental deficiency, short fingers and various other anomalies.
• Growth and mental retardation, mandibulofacial dysostosis, microcephaly, and cleft palate: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, retarded growth, small head, cleft palate and facial abnormalities.
• Growth delay - mental retardation - mandibulofacial dysostosis - microcephaly - cleft palate: A rare syndrome characterized by delayed growth, mental retardation, small head, cleft palate and facial and jaw anomaly.
• Growth delay due to insulin-like growth factor I deficiency: A rare disorder where the deficiency of a growth factor (IGF-1) causes growth delay, deafness and mental retardation.
• Growth retardation mental retardation phalangeal hypoplasia: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by retarded growth, mental retardation and underdeveloped digits.
• Gräsbeck-Imerslund disease: A rare genetic blood disorder where a defect in the vitamin B12 receptor means that it can't be absorbed from food during digestion. As a result of the low vitamin B12 levels, the body produces increased numbers of abnormal enlarged red blood cells (megaloblasts).
• Guarana overuse: The consumption of high doses of guarana can cause symptoms.
• Gulf War syndrome: Syndrome in military veterans of the Gulf war
• Gurrieri-Sammito-Bellussi syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by epilepsy, short stature and skeletal abnormalities.
• Gustavson syndrome: A very rare condition characterized by features such as mental retardation, spasticity, seizures and eye and ear problems.
• Gynephobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or hatred of women.
• Gynophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or hatred of women.
• HARD syndrome (Hydrocephalus - agyria - retinal dysplasia): A rare genetic disorder characterized by a smooth brain surface and eye, genitourinary and other abnormalities.
• HIV-1, CRF01_AE: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF A/E occurs mainly in Asia and originated in central Africa. It tends to be transmitted mainly through heterosexual contact i.e. infection occurs through mucosal exposure.
• HIV-1, CRF02_AG: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/G involves both And G subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF A/G occurs mainly in west and central Africas well as Taiwan.
• HIV-1, CRF04_ cpx: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/B involves both And B subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF_cpx is made up of a combination of subtypes A, G, H, K, and U - (cpx refers to a complex of two or more subtypes). This subtype has been diagnosed in Cyprus and Greece.
• HIV-1, CRF05_ D/F: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF D/F involves both D and F subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF D/F occurs mainly in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
• HIV-1, CRF06_cpx: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF06_cpx involves a combination of subtypes A, G, J and K - (cpx refers to a complex of two or more subtypes). This subtype has been diagnosed in Burkina Faso and Mali.
• HIV-1, CRF07_BC: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF07_BC involves a combination of type B' and C and is extremely rare.
• HIV-1, CRF08_BC: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF08_BC involves a combination of type B' and C and is extremely rare.
• HIV-1, CRF11_cpx: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF11_cpx is extremely rare and appears to include a mix of subtypes CRF01 (And E), A, G and J - (cpx refers to a complex of two or more subtypes).
• HIV-1, CRF12_BF: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF B/F has been diagnosed in Uruguay and Argentina.
• HIV-1, CRF13_cpx: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF13_cpx involves a combination of subtypes CRF01 (And E), A, G, J and U - (cpx refers to a complex of two or more subtypes).
• HIV-1, CRF14_BG: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF14_BG involves a combination of subtypes B and G. This subtype has been diagnosed in Spain.
• HIV-1, CRF15_01B: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF15_01B involves a combination of subtypes CRF01 (And E) and B.
• HIV-1, CRF16_ A2D: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF16_ A2D involves a combination of subtypes A2 and D. This subtype has been diagnosed in Kenyand South Korea.
• HIV-1, CRF17_BF: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF17_BF involves a combination of subtypes B and F.
• HIV-1, CRF18_cpx: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF18_cpx involves a combination of subtypes A, E, F, G, H, K and U - (cpx refers to a complex of two or more subtypes).
• HIV-1, CRF19_cpx: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF19_cpx involves a combination of subtypes A, E, D and G - (cpx refers to a complex of two or more subtypes).
• HIV-1, CRF20_BG: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF20_BG involves a combination of subtypes B and G. This subtype has been diagnosed in Cuba.
• HIV-1, CRF21_A2D: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF21_A2D involves a combination of subtypes A, D and G.
• HIV-1, CRF22_01A1: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF22_01A1 involves a combination of subtypes CRF01 (And E) and A1.
• HIV-1, CRF23_BG: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF23_BG involves a combination of subtypes B and G.
• HIV-1, CRF24_BG: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF24_BG involves a combination of subtypes B and G. This subtype has been diagnosed in Cuba.
• HIV-1, CRF25_cpx: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF25_cpx involves a combination of subtypes A, G and U - (cpx refers to a complex of two or more subtypes). This subtype has been diagnosed in Cameroon and Saudi Arabia.
• HIV-1, CRF26_AU: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF26_AU involves a combination of subtypes And U.
• HIV-1, CRF27_cpx: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF27_cpx involves a combination of subtypes A, E, G, H, J, K and U - (cpx refers to a complex of two or more subtypes). This subtype has been diagnosed in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
• HIV-1, CRF28_BF: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF28_BF involves a combination of subtypes B and F.
• HIV-1, CRF29_BF: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF29_BF involves a combination of subtypes B and F.
• HIV-1, CRF30_0206: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF30_0206 involves a combination of subtypes CRF02 (And G) and CRF06 (A, G, J and K).
• HIV-1, CRF31_BC: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF31_BC involves a combination of subtypes B and C.
• HIV-1, CRF32_06A1: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF32_06A1involves a combination of subtypes CRF06 (A, G, J, K) and A1.
• HIV-1, CRF33_01B: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF33_01B involves a combination of subtypes CRF01 (And E) and B. This subtype has been diagnosed in Malaysia.
• HIV-1, CRF34_01B: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF34_01B involves a combination of subtypes CRF01 (And E) and B. This subtype has been diagnosed in Thailand.
• HIV-1, CRF35_AD: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF35_AD involves a combination of subtypes And D. This subtype has been diagnosed in Afghanistan.
• HIV-1, CRF36_cpx: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF36_cpx involves a combination of subtypes CRF01 (And E), CRF02 (And G) and G - (cpx refers to a complex of two or more subtypes). This subtype has been diagnosed in Cameroon.
• HIV-1, CRF37_cpx: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF37_cpx involves a combination of subtypes CRF01 (And E), CRF02 (And G) and U - (cpx refers to a complex of two or more subtypes). This subtype has been diagnosed in Cameroon.
• HIV-1, CRF38_BF: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF38_BF involves a combination of subtypes B and F.
• HIV-1, CRF39_BF: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF39_BF involves a combination of subtypes B and F. This subtype has been diagnosed in Brazil.
• HIV-1, CRF40_BF: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF40_BF involves a combination of subtypes B and F. This subtype has been diagnosed in Brazil.
• HIV-1, CRF41_CD: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF41_CD involves a combination of subtypes C and D.
• HIV-1, CRF42_BF: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF42_BF involves a combination of subtypes B and F1.
• HIV-1, CRF43_02G: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF43_02G involves a combination of subtypes CRF02 (And G) and G. This type has been diagnosed in Saudi Arabia.
• HIV-1A: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype A is most prevalent in West Africa.
• HIV-1A1: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. HIV-1A1 is a subtype of HIV-1A.
• HIV-1A2: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. HIV-1A2 is a subtype of HIV-1A.
• HIV-1A3: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. HIV-1A3 is a subtype of HIV-1A.
• HIV-1B: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype B is most prevalent in Thailand, Australia, Japan, Europe and America. This subtype tends to be transmitted mainly by homosexual contact and intravenous drug use i.e. infection occurs mainly through blood exposure.
• HIV-1C: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype C is most prevalent in Nepal, India and Southern and Eastern parts of Africa. This subtype tends to be a more virulent subtype and is transmitted mainly through heterosexual contact i.e. infection occurs through mucosal exposure.
• HIV-1D: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype D is most prevalent in the Eastern and Central parts of Africa and tends to be a more virulent subtype.
• HIV-1E: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype E has to date not occurred on its own but has occurred in combination with subtype A in a subtype called CRF A/E. This subtype occurs mainly in Asia and originated in central Africa. It tends to be transmitted mainly through heterosexual contact i.e. infection occurs through mucosal exposure.
• HIV-1F: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype F is most prevalent in Eastern Europe, South America and Central Africa.
• HIV-1F1: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. HIV-1F1 is a subtype of HIV-1F.
• HIV-1F2: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. HIV-1F2 is a subtype of HIV-1F.
• HIV-1G: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype G is most prevalent in Africa and central parts of Europe. This subtype tends to be a more virulent subtype.
• HIV-1H: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype H is most prevalent in central parts of Africa.
• HIV-1J: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype J is most prevalent in central America.
• HIV-1K: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype K is most prevalent in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Cameroon.
• HIV-1M: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. HIV-1 group M is the most common form of HIV accounting for roughly 90% of cases worldwide.
• HIV-1N: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group N is very rare and has only been diagnosed in Cameroon.
• HIV-1O: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group O is very rare and has only been diagnosed in the western parts of Central Africa. This type is more difficult to diagnose and the standard test kits are not sensitive enough to pick up the virus.
• HIV-2: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-2 is very rare and is generally only diagnosed in Africa but a number of cases have been diagnosed in the US. HIV-2 is less easily transmitted than HIV-1 and the time between infection and symptoms tends to be longer in HIV-2.
• HIV-2A: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. HIV-2 has two subtypes - And B and they are found mainly in Western Africa.
• HIV-2B: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. HIV-2 has two subtypes - And B and they are found mainly in Western Africa.
• HIV/AIDS: HIV is a sexually transmitted virus and AIDS is the progressive immune failure that HIV causes.
• Haas-Robinson syndrome: A rare, recessively inherited disorder involving defective copper metabolism within the body which causes symptoms such as mental retardation, seizures and poor muscle tone.
• Hadeophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of hell.
• Hagiophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or dislike of saints and holy things.
• Hai Ge Fen-induced lead poisoning: Hai Ge Fen is clamshell powder used mainly by Chinese people to make traditional Chinese herbal medicines. This product has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Hair defect photosensitivity mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, sensitivity to light and sparse, fragile hair.
• Hair defect with photosensitivity and mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, sensitivity to light and sparse, fragile hair
• Halal Setton Wang syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by eye, teeth, nail and skin abnormalities.
• Halal syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head and a cleft palate.
• Hallervorden-Spatz disease: Nerve disorder causing movement problems.
• Hallucinations: Seeing, hearing or sensing something that does not exist.
• Hamaphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of the sight of blood.
• Hamartophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of error or sin.
• Hamaxophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of being in a vehicle or riding in one.
• Hand-Schüller-Christian Syndrome: A group of blood disorder involving excess production of histiocytes (type of immune cell) throughout the body. Accumulation of histiocytes results in non-cancerous growths which can damage organs and other body tissues such as bones. Symptom vary hugely and depend on location and size of tumor growths.
• Hangover: Condition following excessive alcohol consumption.
• Hanhart syndrome type IV: A rare disorder where a genetic error of amino acid metabolism results in thickened skin on palms and soles, skin lumps, mental retardation and finger, toe, eye, hair and teeth abnormalities.
• Haphophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of touch.
• Haptophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of touch.
• Harpaxophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of robbers.
• Harrod Doman Keele syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by skull, facial, genital, finger and toe abnormalities.
• Hartnup Disease: A disorder of amino acid transport resulting in light sensitive dermatitis, ataxia, migraines and personality changes.
• Hashimoto's encephalitis: A rare form of brain disease and inflammation.
• Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A progressive disease of the thyroid which leads to degeneration and hypothyroidism
• Haspeslagh Fryns Muelenaere syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, underdeveloped genitals and various skull and facial anomalies.
• Havlikova syndrome: A rare familial disorder involving liver, spleen and pancreatic problems.
• Hawaiian Baby Woodrose poisoning: The Hawaiian Baby Woodrose is a woody vine that grows in tropical climates such as in Hawaii, India, Florida and California. The plant bears rose-colored flowers and black seeds. The seeds contain ergoline alkaloids which can produce effects similar to LSD if consumed. As little as three seeds can cause symptoms.
• Head Conditions: Conditions that affect the head
• Head injury: Any injury that occurs to the head
• Headache: Pain affecting the head or brain area.
• Hearing impairment: Impaired ability to hear.
• Hearing voices: Hearing voices as a type of hallucination
• Heart attack: An acute myocardial infarction
• Heat exhaustion: major cause of preventable morbidity worldwide
• Heat stroke: it is a life threatening condition. It is hyperthermia in an advanced state
• Hedonophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of pleasure.
• Heidenhain syndrome: A form of premature dementia caused by degeneration of the brain. It is considered a variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Heidenhain syndrome is characterized mainly by eye problems whereas Creutzfeldt-Jakob predominantly involves ataxia.
• Heliophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of sunlight or increased sensitivity to sunlight.
• Helminthiasis: Infection of the human body with a parasitic worm such as roundworms and pinworms. The worms usually only involve the intestinal tract but sometimes they may invade other organs. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the type of worm and the part of the body infected.
• Helminthophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of being infested with worms.
• Hemangioblastoma: A benign tumor that tends to occur in the central nervous system such as the brain and spinal cord. The tumor arises from the stem cells that develop into blood vessels or blood cells (hemangioblasts). Symptoms vary depending on the exact location and size of the tumor.
• Hematophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of the sight of blood.
• Hemi 3 syndrome: A very rare syndrome where parts of the body undergo excessive growth give the body an asymmetrical appearance.
• Hemimegalencephaly: A very rare disorder where one side of the brain is bigger than the other.
• Hemiplegic migraine, familial type 1: A rare inherited form of migraine that characteristically causes temporary paralysis on one side of the body and involves the presence of an aura. A migraine episode may be triggered by minimal trauma to the head. The severity of the disorder is variable with some patients experiencing paralysis on one side of the body or coma for weeks.
• Hemiplegic migraine, familial type 2: A rare inherited form of migraine that characteristically causes temporary paralysis on one side of the body and involves the presence of an aura. A migraine episode may be triggered by minimal trauma to the head. The severity of the disorder is variable with some patients experiencing problems for days. Triggers include tiredness, heat, stress and head injury.
• Hemolytic uremic syndrome: A rare condition characterized by acute kidney failure, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia (reduced blood platelet count). The condition is often caused by upper respiratory infections or infectious diarrhea.
• Hemophagocytic reticulosis: The abnormal proliferation of reticulum cell (histiocytes) which infiltrate various organs and. Macrophages destroy blood cells causing blood abnormalities. Meningoencephalitis frequently occurs when the histiocytes infiltrate the mininges and cerebral tissue. Symptoms start at birth or soon after and become progressively worse without treatment. Medication can control the condition but a hematopoietic stem cell transplant is needed to achieve remission.
• Henna-induced lead poisoning: Henna is used mainly by Middle Eastern people as a hair and skin dye. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Hepatic encephalopathy: Caused by marked liver disease that results in disturbances of consciousness
• Hepatic encephalopathy syndrome: A rare syndrome involving the association of advanced liver disease and neurological problems.
• Hepatorenal tyrosinemia: A rare genetic metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency of particular enzymes which prevents the breakdown of tyrosine which then builds up in the liver. Type 1 involves a deficiency of the enzyme fumaril acetoacetate hydrolase.
• Herbal Agent adverse reaction - Ginseng: Ginseng can be used as a herbal agent, usually in the form of a tea, to help combat stress. Some people may develop an adverse reaction to Ginseng.
• Herbal Agent adverse reaction - Maté: Maté can be used as a herbal agent to treat water retention, purify the blood and as a stimulant. The herbal agent contains various chemicals which can cause an adverse reaction in some people.
• Herbal Agent adverse reaction - Pennyroyal Oil: Pennyroyal Oil can be used as a herbal agent to treat delayed menstruation and as an insect repellent. The herbal agent can cause an adverse reaction in some people.
• Herbal Agent adverse reaction - Sassafras Oil: Sassafras Oil can be used as a herbal agent to treat skin irritation such as insect bites. The herbal agent contains a chemical called safrole which can cause harmful effects if ingested .
• Herbal Agent overdose - Ayahuasca: Ayahuasca can be used as a herbal agent which is made into a tea used by South American natives for psychotherapy and religious purposes. The herbal agent contains chemicals (DMT and harmala alkaloids) and the ingestion of excessive amounts of these can result in hallucinations.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Ginseng: Ginseng can be used as a herbal agent, usually in the form of a tea, to help combat stress. Excessive doses of ginseng can cause overdose symptoms - 3 to 15 g per day for a number of years can cause overdose symptoms.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Golden Seal: Golden seal can be used as a herbal agent to treat a variety of conditions - bleeding after birth, mucosal inflammation, constipation, hemorrhoids. The herbal agent contains chemicals (alkaloid hydrastine, berberine) which can cause various symptoms if excessive quantities are taken.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Nutmeg: Nutmeg can be used as a herbal agent to treat delayed menstruation. The herbal agent can cause various overdose symptoms if excessive quantities are taken.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Sabah vegetable: Sabah vegetable can be used as a herbal agent to treat obesity and prevent vision problems. The herbal agent contains a chemical (papvarine alkaloids) which can cause an adverse reaction in some people.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Wormwood: Wormwood can be used to treat worm infestations and as a sedative or hair tonic. The herbal agent contains chemicals which can cause various symptoms if excessive quantities are taken.
• Hereditary Hemochromatosis: A genetic disorder where too much iron is absorbed from food and it is stored in various parts of the body which can cause damage. There are 4 types of hemochromatosis and they are distinguished by age of onset, genetic cause and type of inheritance. Some sufferers may be asymptomatic.
• Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy with Deafness, Mental Retardation and Absence of Large Myelinated Fibers: An inherited condition reported in three brothers involving mental retardation, deafness and nerve and muscle problems. The hearing loss is severe and occurs in the first year of life.
• Hereditary carnitine deficiency: An inherited deficiency of carnitine resulting primarily in muscle problems. Severe symptoms can be triggered by periods of illness or fasting.
• Hereditary carnitine deficiency syndrome: An inherited deficiency of carnitine resulting primarily in muscle weakness. The carnitine deficiency may be due to excessive loss of insufficient production.
• Hereditary carnitine deficiency syndrome, systemic: An inherited deficiency of carnitine in tissues other than the muscles resulting primarily in muscle weakness.
• Hereditary hypothyroidism: Hereditary hypothyroidism is a condition in which there is a defect in the thyroid gland which leads to increased production of TSH reduced production of thyroid hormone.
• Hereditary methemoglobinemia, recessive, type II: A rare inherited blood disorder where the hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying part of red blood cells) can't bind with oxygen which impairs the oxygen supply to parts of the body, especially during exertion when more oxygen is needed by the body. The type II form of Gibson syndrome is more severe than type I and is characterized by cyanosis as well as neurological problems, mental deficiency and various other anomalies. Type I has enzyme deficiency (cytochrome B5 reductase) only in the red blood cells whereas in Type II the enzyme deficiency occurs in other body cells as well as red blood cells.
• Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies: A rare disorder where the peripheral nerves are more sensitive to pressure than normal which results in recurring periods of numbness, tingling and sometimes loss of muscle function. The condition can affect one or more nerves such as the carpal tunnel nerve. Permanent damage to peripheral nerves can result from recurring episodes. The severity of symptoms are greatly variable from virtually asymptomatic to disability.
• Hereditary nodular heterotopia: A rare inherited disorder where a part of the brain tissue is misplaced during development. More specifically, nodules of brain tissue is in various parts of the brain.
• Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy 3: A very rare inherited disorder affecting the peripheral and autonomic nervous system and characterized by reduced tear production, excessive sweating, poor body temperature control, blood pressure problems, impaired sensation and poor muscle control.
• Heroin dependence: The physical and psychological dependence to the recreational drug heroin
• Heroin withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when heroin use is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Herpes simplex encephalitis: A form of encephalitis caused by the herpes simplex virus and characterized by fever, headache and neurological symptoms.
• Herpes, Neonatal: Neonatal herpes is the infection of a newborn with the herpes virus within the first six weeks of life. The virus may be transmitted from the mother to the baby while it is still in the uterus or during delivery. The risk of transmitting the virus is highest if genital herpes is contracted during the late stages of the pregnancy. A mother with long standing or recurring herpes infection usually has sufficient antibodies to the virus to prevent the infant becoming infected. Neonatal herpes can also be contracted when an infant comes into contact with an infected person e.g. being kissed by and adult with cold sores. A cesarean birth may be advised for mothers who have active genital lesions.
• Herpes, Neonatal - Central Nervous System Infection: Central nervous system herpes infection in neonates is a herpes infection of the central nervous system (brain, spinal cord) that develops in infants within the first six weeks of life. The virus may be transmitted from the mother to the baby while it is still in the uterus or during delivery. The risk of transmitting the virus is highest if genital herpes is contracted during the late stages of the pregnancy. A mother with long standing or recurring herpes infection usually has sufficient antibodies to the virus to prevent the infant becoming infected. Neonatal herpes can also be contracted when an infant comes into contact with an infected person e.g. being kissed by and adult with cold sores. A cesarean birth may be advised for mothers who have active genital lesions. Central nervous system infection will occur in nearly three quarters of infants with a herpes infection.
• Herpes, Neonatal - Disseminated: Disseminated neonatal herpes is a widespread infection of a newborn with the herpes virus within the first six weeks of life. The virus may be transmitted from the mother to the baby while it is still in the uterus or during delivery. The risk of transmitting the virus is highest if genital herpes is contracted during the late stages of the pregnancy. A mother with long standing or recurring herpes infection usually has sufficient antibodies to the virus to prevent the infant becoming infected. Neonatal herpes can also be contracted when an infant comes into contact with an infected person e.g. being kissed by and adult with cold sores. A cesarean birth may be advised for mothers who have active genital lesions. Brain infection will occur in over half of infants with the disseminated form.
• Herpetophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of reptiles.
• Herrmann syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by deafness, diabetes, kidney disease, brain dysfunction and muscle spasms.
• Herrmann-Opitz craniosynostosi: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, skeletal abnormalities and an unusual facial appearance.
• Hersh-Podruch-Weisskopk syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by progressive retinal damage, mental retardation and deafness.
• Heterophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or aversion to heterosexuals.
• Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of the number 666.
• Hierophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of sacred objects or priests.
• High T4 syndrome: A disorder involving transient increases in thyroxine levels for no apparent reason.
• High altitude cerebral edema: Brain condition related to high altitude.
• High blood pressure: Excessive blood pressure.
• High sodium: High blood sodium levels (hypernatremia)
• Hip cancer: The presence of tumour growth in the bone of the hip, whether due to primary malignancies e.g. leukaemic or myeloma infiltration of the bone marrow, or due to secondary metastases from another site e.g. lung or breast; cancer affecting bone of hip likely to affect other bones e.g. vertebra, ribs
• Hippophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of horses.
• Hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of long words.
• Histidinemia: A metabolic disorder where there is a deficiency of the histidase enzyme which is needed to metabolise the amino acid called histidine. Histidine levels then buildup of histidine in the blood and urine.
• Histidinuria, renal tubular defect: A very rare syndrome where a kidney defect causes high levels of histidine in the urine.
• Hobo spider poisoning: The Hobo spider is a type of funnel web spider which can deliver a painful bite. Their bite can cause localized tissue necrosis which can take a long time to heal. Systemic symptoms may occur in severe cases but this is rare.
• Hodgkin's Disease: A form of cancer that affects the lymphatic system.
• Hodgkin's disease, adult: A type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system in adults. The lymphatic system forms part of the body's immune system. This type of cancer can also occur in children.
• Hodgkin's disease, childhood: A type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system in children. The lymphatic system forms part of the body's immune system. This type of cancer can also occur in children.
• Hodophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of travel.
• Hoigné syndrome: Embolism (blood vessel blockage) and neurological problems associated with a procaine penicillin injection into the muscle. The condition is believed to be caused by some of the drug getting into the blood stream.
• Holoprosencephaly: A rare disorder where abnormalities of the fetal forebrain development lead to various birth defects.
• Holoprosencephaly deletion 2p: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by the failure of the brain to separate into two lobes, facial deformities and various other anomalies.
• Homen syndrome: Lesion on a part of the brain called the lenticular nucleus which is involved in movement.
• Homichlophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of fog.
• Homilophobia: An exaggerated or irrational hatred of sermons.
• Homocarnosinosis: A very rare metabolic disorder where a deficiency of homocarnosinase causes a harmful buildup of homcarnosine. Symptoms include mental retardation, retinal pigmentation and spastic diplegia.
• Homocystinuria: A rare inherited metabolic disorder involving the amino acid methionine and resulting in a harmful accumulation of homocysteine in the body.
• Homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency: A rare genetic biochemical disorder where a deficiency of cystathionine beta-synthase results in high levels of methionine and homocysteine in the blood and reduced levels of cyteine in the blood. There are two subtypes of the disorder with varying manifestations. One type responds to Vitmain B6 supplementation and the other doesn't. Those who do respond to Vitamin B6 tend to have milder manifestations.
• Homocystinuria due to defect in methylation (cbl g): An inherited organic acid disorder where an enzyme deficiency (methionine synthase) impairs the body's ability to break down certain proteins consumed in the diet. This results in a buildup of methylmalonic acid and homocystine which results in harmful affects. It is a form of vitamin B12 deficiency.
• Homocystinuria due to defect in methylation cbl e: An inherited organic acid disorder where an enzyme deficiency (methionine synthase reductase) impairs the body's ability to break down certain proteins consumed in the diet. This results in a buildup of methylmalonic acid and homocystine which results in harmful affects. It is a form of vitamin B12 deficiency.
• Homophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of homosexuality which is affection between people of the same sex.
• Hooft disease: A rare disorder characterized by mental and physical retardation, red rash and low blood lipid level.
• Hordnes-Engebretsen-Knudtson syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by an abnormal skull shape, mental retardation, abnormally placed anus and narrowed pulmonary valve
• Hornova-Dlurosova syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation and amyloid (abnormal protein) deposits in the eyelids and gums.
• Horse nettle poisoning: Horse nettle is a herbaceous plant which has prickles and bears yellow berries. The berries contain solanin alkaloids which can cause symptoms if eaten in large quantities. It is often found growing in the wild in many parts of the world. Death is considered possible if large amounts are eaten, especially in children.
• Horseradish poisoning: Horseradish is a herb which has a long thick root. It is often found in gardens. The roots contain a chemical called glucosinolate which can cause symptoms if large quantities are eaten. Eating small quantities of the root is considered harmless. The safest way to eat the root is to eat small amounts of young roots. Cooking the roots destroys the toxicity of the chemical.
• Hostility: The expression of anger and confrontation
• Howard-Young syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head, facial cleft and an extra big toe.
• Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by retarded growth, a small head, anemia, immunodeficiency and an underdeveloped brain (cerebellum).
• Human HOXA1 Syndromes: Human HOXA1 syndromes are very rare conditions caused by genetic defects involving the HOXA1 gene. The severity of the condition is highly variable depending on the extent of the defect and inheritance pattern. The most severe form is Bosley-Salih-Alorainy syndrome which involves a homozygous mutation. Other manifestations of the genetic defect are Athabaskan Brainstem Dysgenesis syndrome and Navajo Brainstem syndrome. The gene is involved in the development of the cardiovascular system, inner ear and the hindbrain so defects tend to involve mainly these parts of the body.
• Human T-lymphotropic virus type 3: A former name used for HIV which is an infectious viral disease. The infection usually has an initial symptom-free period which is followed by various stages of increasing severity.
• Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: A rare infectious condition caused by infection with a type of bacteria called Ehrlichia (Anaplasma phagocytophilia) which attack granulocytes (a type of white blood cell). The infection is transmitted by the deer and American dog tick.
• Human monocytic ehrlichiosis: A rare infectious condition caused by infection with a type of bacteria called Ehrlichia (Ehrlichia chaffeensis) which attack monocytes(a type of white blood cell). The infection is transmitted by the Lone Star and American dog tick.
• Hunter-Carpenter-Macdonald syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by various abnormalities including small head, facial anomalies, mental retardation and hair, skin and nail anomalies. Fetal exposure to alcohol is believed to be a factor in the syndrome.
• Hunter-Fraser syndrome: A rare inherited syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and facial and skeletal abnormalities.
• Hunter-Macpherson syndrome: A very rare disorder characterized by the association of mental retardation and abnormal bone hardening.
• Hunter-McAlpine syndrome: A very rare dominantly inherited syndrome characterized mainly by premature fusion of skull bones, mental retardation, small mouth, short stature and finger and toe anomalies.
• Huntington's disease: Inherited disease causing progressive mental deterioration.
• Hyde-Forster-Mccarthy-Berry syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and an abnormal skull shape.
• Hydranencephaly: A very rare condition where fluid replaces a portion of the brain.
• Hydrocephalus: A condition which is characterized by marked dilatation of the cerebral ventricles
• Hydrocephalus - Skeletal Anomalies - Mental Disturbance: A very rare condition reported in only a few families and characterized by a buildup of fluid inside the brain, skeletal anomalies and mental disturbance.
• Hydrocephalus - costovertebral dysplasia - Sprengel anomaly: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by hydrocephaly and upwardly displaced shoulder blade (Sprengel anomaly).
• Hydrocephalus autosomal recessive: A rare, recessively inherited disorder where there is an abnormal buildup of fluid (cerebrospinal fluid) inside the skull.
• Hydrocephalus due to congenital stenosis of aqueduct of sylvius: A very rare disorder where there is a buildup of cerebrospinal fluid inside the skull due to a narrow canal that connects the third and fourth ventricles of the brain.
• Hydrocephalus obesity hypogonadism: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by obesity, buildup of fluid inside the skull (hydrocephalus) and impaired sex hormone production.
• Hydrocodone overdose: Hydrocodone is a prescription drug used mainly to treat pain. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Hydrocodone withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Hydrocodone use is discontinued or reduced. Hydrocodone is pain-killing drug. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence. Symptoms are usually peak during the second day and last about a week.
• Hydrophophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of rabies.
• Hydroxykynureninuria: A rare genetic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme kynureninase (a vitamin B6) causes physical and mental problems. The deficiency can also occur in an acquired form which tends to be less severe.
• Hygiene symptoms: Changes to personal hygiene habits.
• Hygrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of liquids, particularly wine and water.
• Hylephobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of forests or wood.
• Hymenolepiasis: A rare parasitic disease caused by a tapeworm called Hymenolepis nana or Hymenlepis dimunita. Infestation occurs through fecal contamination or by accidentally consuming insects that have eaten the parasitic eggs.
• Hymenolepsis diminuta infection: A tapeworm infection caused by Hymenolepsis diminuta that is relatively common in rodents but can rarely cause infection in humans. Insects such as fleas and beetles are intermediate hosts and transmission to humans can result from accidentally swallowing infected arthropods. Symptoms tend to only occur in children or in patients with a relatively heavy infestation.
• Hymenolepsis nana infection: A tapeworm infection caused by Hymenolepsis nana that is relatively common in house mice but can cause infection in humans. Insects such as fleas and beetles are intermediate hosts and transmission to humans can result from accidentally swallowing infected arthropods. Transmission can also occur through ingestion of infected fecal matter. Symptoms tend to only occur in children or in patients with a relatively heavy infestation.
• Hypengyophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of responsibility.
• Hyper IgE: Inherited immunodeficiency disorders involving excessive production of IgE and frequent bacterial (staphylococcal) infections mainly involving the skin as well as other problems. Recessively inherited forms of the condition tend to be more serious with bone problems.
• Hyperactivity: Excessive action and lack of control.
• Hyperadrenalism: Excessive levels of adrenal hormones in the body. Symptoms depend on which hormone is involved and the degree of involvement. Adrenal hormones are aldosterone, corticosteroids, androgenic steroids, epinephrine and norepinephrine.
• Hyperaldosteronism-induced hypertension: Hyperaldosteronism -induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by excessive production of a hormone called aldosterone by the adrenal glands. The high blood pressure often responds poorly to the usual medications. Death can result in severe cases.
• Hyperammonemia - hypoornithinemia - hypocitrullinemia - hypoargininemia - hypoprolinemia: A rare syndrome caused by an enzyme deficiency (Delta-1-pyrroline 5-carboxylate synthetase).
• Hypercalcemia: Raised blood calcium levels
• Hyperchromic Anemia: Hyperchromic anemia is a blood disorder characterized by red blood cells which contain abnormally high amounts of haemoglobin as well as a reduced number of red blood cells. This anomaly is often caused by such things as Vitamin B12 deficiency and pernicious anemia.
• Hyperemesis Gravidarum: An extreme form of morning sickness.
• Hypereosinophilic syndrome: A rare condition where too many eosinophils are produced over an extended period of time for no apparent reason. The eosinophils can infiltrate various organs and tissues and cause dysfunction or damage
• Hyperglycinemia: Increased blood levels of glycine. There are two types of hyperglycinemia (ketotic and nonketotic) with different symptoms.
• Hypergonadotropic ovarian failure: Premature onset of menopause - occurs before the fourth decade -average age of onset of menopause is about 50 years of age. The condition can occur sporadically or may be inherited in a familial manner.
• Hypergonadotropic ovarian failure, familial or sporadic: A rare disorder where the ovaries fail to function prematurely. Ovarian failure can occur in the 20's or 30's. Normal ovarian failure occurs during menopause. Premature ovarian failure can be caused by a genetic mutation and can occur sporadically or in a familial pattern.
• Hyperimidodipeptiduria: A very rare genetic disorder characterized by an excessive level of imidodipeptides in the urine due to a deficiency of the enzyme prolidase.
• Hyperinsulinism due to glucokinase deficiency: An inherited condition characterized by high insulin levels due to deficiency of glucokinase. The lack of glucokinase prevents the pancreas from detecting low blood sugar so insulin continues to be secreted which keeps the blood sugar level low. Severe symptoms such as seizures and coma can result if sugar levels drop too low.
• Hyperinsulinism due to glutamodehydrogenase deficiency: An inherited condition characterized by high insulin and ammonia levels in the blood due to an enzyme deficiency (glutamate dehydrogenase). Episodes of low blood sugar can be triggered by fasting for too long or eating a protein meal. Severe symptoms such as seizures and coma can result if sugar levels drop too low.
• Hyperinsulinism in children, congenital: A rare inherited condition characterized by high insulin levels which cause low blood sugar. Severe symptoms such as seizures and coma can result if sugar levels drop too low.
• Hypermethioninemia due to S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency: A rare disorder involving an enzyme deficiency which results in increased methionine levels in the blood. The condition manifests as psychomotor delay and severe muscle disease.
• Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where ammonia builds up in the body due to a defect in the transport of ornithine which prevents ammonia being converted to urea and being excreted through the urine. The severity of the condition is variable.
• Hyperostosis cortical infantile: A rare inflammatory disorder that affects bones and soft tissue in infants. The condition may affect virtually any bone and causes excessive enlargement of part of the bone (cortex). Infant feeding problems may occur if the jaw bone is affected which can affect weight gain. The inflammatory course of the disease eventually stops and over time the bones remodel to a normal appearance.
• Hyperostosis frontalis interna: A disorder where the front bone of the skull becomes thicker than normal.
• Hyperoxia: A high level of oxygen in body tissues. It can be caused by exposure to high atmospheric pressure or long term inhalation of high oxygen concentrations. The high levels of oxygen may affect the lungs, nervous system or the eyes and thus can result in varying symptoms.
• Hyperparathyroidism: Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid glands.
• Hyperparathyroidism, primary: A rare genetic disorder where excessive activity of the parathyroid gland causes increased blood calcium levels which can cause various problems.
• Hyperprolinemia type 2: A rare metabolic abnormality involving a deficiency of a particular enzyme (Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase) which affects amino acid metabolism and causes mental retardation and convulsions.
• Hypersomnia: increased need of sleep
• Hypertelorism - esophageal abnormalities - hypospadias: A rare genetic disorder characterized by defects along the midline of the body. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerably. There are two subtypes of the disorder: one is inherited in a X-linked manner and the other is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Females with the X-linked form of the condition tend to have few symptoms and often only have wide set eyes.
• Hypertelorism and tetralogy of Fallot: A very rare disorder characterized by a heart defect and wide set eyes.
• Hypertelorism with esophageal abnormality and hypospadias: A congenital disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, genital abnormalities, esophageal defect and difficulty swallowing. Males are more severely affected than females.
• Hypertension due to bilateral renal artery stenosis: Hypertension due to bilateral renal artery stenosis is high blood pressure resulting from narrowing kidney blood vessels which prevents the blood from flowing through the kidneys properly.
• Hypertension due to coarctation of the aorta: Hypertension due to coarctation of the aorta is high blood pressure resulting from a birth defect where a heart blood vessel called the aorta is abnormally narrowed. The high blood pressure tends to affect mainly the upper part of the body. Babies and very young children tend to have more severe symptoms as the degree of narrowing tends to be greater than in older children or adults.
• Hyperthermia induced defects: A rare disorder where hypothermia during pregnancy results in infant abnormalities involving growth, development and brain dysfunction.
• Hyperthyroidism: The excessive activity of the thyroid gland
• Hypertrichosis brachydactyly obesity and mental retardation: A very rare disorder characterized mainly by excessive hair growth, short digits, obesity and mental retardation
• Hypertrichosis, hyperkeratosis, mental retardation, and distinctive facial features: A very rare disorder characterized by thickened skin, mental retardation, increased body hair and a characteristic face.
• Hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia: A rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation, short stature, large skull, heart anomaly and various other abnormalities.
• Hypertryptophanemia: A rare genetic metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of tryptophan in the blood.
• Hypnophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of sleep or being hypnotized.
• Hypoadrenalism: Reduced adrenal gland activity.
• Hypoadrenocorticism - hypoparathyroidism - moniliasis: An autoimmune disorder where hormone production by various glands is reduced. The main features of the disorder are Addison disease and/or hypoparathyroidism and/or chronic candidiasis.
• Hypobetalipoproteinaemia - ataxia - hearing loss: A rare disorder characterized by the association of low blood betalipoprotein level, ataxia and hearing loss.
• Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar levels
• Hypoglycemia with deficiency of glycogen synthetase in the liver: A rare condition where low blood sugar is caused by a deficiency of an enzyme called glycogen synthetase in the liver. Symptoms tend to occur after periods of fasting.
• Hypogonadism - mitral valve prolapse - mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a heart disorder, hypogonadism and mental retardation.
• Hypokalemic periodic paralysis: A rare inherited muscle condition characterized by periods of severe muscle weakness or paralysis which can last from hours to days. Episodes can occur as often as daily or only rarely.
• Hypomagnesemia primary: Low blood magnesium levels which is caused by the abnormal absorption and excretion of the mineral and can be caused by such things as kidney problems and intestinal malabsorption.
• Hypomandibular faciocranial dysostosis: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by very underdeveloped upper and lower jaw as well as a very small, absent or small tongue.
• Hypomelanosis of Ito: A rare genetic neurocutaneous disorder characterized by unusual patterns of depigmented skin and associated disorders such as seizures, psychomotor retardation and eye abnormalities.
• Hypomyelination - congenital cataract: A rare syndrome characterized by the association of congenital cataract with progressive neurological impairment due to progressive demyelination.
• Hypomyelination and congenital cataract: An inherited disorder characterized by congenital cataract and progressive neurological impairment due to reduced myelination of nerves.
• Hypoparathyroidism: causesd by lack of PTH
• Hypoparathyroidism - short stature - mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by low parathyroid hormone level, short stature and mental retardation.
• Hypoparathyroidism X-linked: Low parathyroid levels inherited in a X-linked manner and hence only males are symptomatic and females are asymptomatic carriers.
• Hypoparathyroidism familial isolated: A rare familial condition involving low levels of parathyroid hormone which upsets the body's ability to regulate calcium and phosphate. The severity of symptoms is determined by the how low the parathyroid hormone level is.
• Hypophosphatasia: A rare genetic disorder characterized by short limbs, dwarfism and general lack of bone calcification.
• Hypophosphatemia: Low blood phosphate levels. Causes include malnourishment, chronic alcoholism excessive carbohydrate consumption, malabsorption, phosphaturia, liver failure, respiratory alkalosis and certain genetic disorders.
• Hypopnea syndrome: Hypopnea Syndrome is a condition in which an individual experiences severe shallow breathing or a slow rate of airflow during sleep.
• Hypospadias - hypertelorism: A congenital disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, genital abnormalities, esophageal defect and difficulty swallowing. Males are more severely affected than females.
• Hypothalamic hamartomas: A benign congenital tumor that develops on or near the hypothalamus.
• Hypothermia: Low body temperature
• Hypothyroid goitre: Goitre is the enlargement of the thyroid gland and hypothyroid state is characterized by increased TSH levels and decreased T3 and T4 levels circulating in the body.
• Hypothyroidism: The decreased activity of the thyroid gland
• Hypothyroidism - cleft palate: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by the association of an abnormal opening in the roof of the mouth and reduced thyroid functioning.
• Hypothyroidism due to iodide transport defect: Low thyroid hormone levels in infants due to abnormal iodide transport in the body caused by a genetic defect. The severity of the condition varies depending on the extent of the defect and the length of time taken to diagnose the condition. Symptoms tend to become worse, the longer the condition is undiagnosed.
• Hypothyroidism postaxial polydactyly mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized by abnormally low thyroid levels, extra digits, mental retardation and unusually facial appearance.
• Hypovolemia: a state of decreased blood volume; more specifically, decrease in volume of blood plasma
• Hypoxia: This is where there is a reduction of oxygen supply to parts of the body below what is required for adequate perfusion
• IBIDS syndrome: A rare inherited skin disorder characterized by red, dry, scaly skin (I - ichthyosis), brittle hair (B), impaired physical and mental development (I), decreased fertility (D) and short stature (S). It is the same as PIBIDS syndrome but doesn't involve photosensitivity.
• ICF syndrome: A very rare, recessively inherited syndrome characterized mainly by a weak immune system and facial anomalies.
• Iatrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of going to the doctor.
• Ichthyohepatotoxication: Ichthyohepatotoxication is a condition caused by eating the liver of certain fish. It is believed that the high vitamin A content of the liver leads to vitamin A overdose and the resulting symptoms. Tropical shark livers are associated with this condition.
• Ichthyophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of fish.
• Ichthyosis - alopecia - eclabion - ectropion - mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by scaly skin, hair loss, mental retardation and outwardly turned eyelids and lips.
• Ichthyosis - deafness - mental retardation - skeletal anomaly: A rare disorder characterized by deafness, mental retardation, scaly skin and skeletal anomalies.
• Ichthyosis - mental retardation, Devriendt type: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by dry, rough, scaly skin and mental retardation.
• Ichthyosis mental retardation asymptomatic spasticity: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, spasticity and dry scaly skin.
• Ichthyosis mental retardation dwarfism renal impairment: A rare genetic condition characterized by dwarfism, mental retardation, kidney dysfunction and ichthyosis (skin disorder characterized by fish-like scales).
• Idaho syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by a variety of abnormalities including clubfoot, mental retardation, finger abnormalities and a congenital heart defect.
• Idiopathic Parkinson's disease: Idiopathic Parkinson's disease is Parkinson's disease for which no particular cause can be determined - it is the most prevalent form of the condition. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Idiopathic alveolar hypoventilation syndrome: A rare condition characterized by a reduced breathing rate despite no respiratory system abnormalities. The cause of the condition is unknown.
• Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification, childhood onset: A rare disorder involving the buildup of calcium deposits in various parts of the brain. It manifests as degeneration of the nervous system.
• Idiopathic edema: A condition involving salt retention that isn't a result of impaired heart, kidney or liver function.
• Ignophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of not knowing.
• Illum syndrome: A very rare disorder characterized by a distinctive "whistling face" and contractures in multiple joints.
• Imerslünd-Grasbeck Syndrome: A rare genetic blood disorder where a defect in the vitamin B12 receptor means that it can't be absorbed from food during digestion. As a result of the low vitamin B12 levels, the body produces increased numbers of abnormal enlarged red blood cells (megaloblasts).
• Immunodeficiency with short limb dwarfism: A very rare condition where short-limbed dwarfism is associated with immunodeficiency.
• Immunosuppressive Measles Encephalitis: A rare complication of the measles virus. Some patients with a history of measles before the age of two develop progressive brain inflammation. The condition is rare and tends to only occur only in immunosuppressed children e.g. those who have acute lymphocytic leukemia. Symptoms may develop suddenly and tends to occur from weeks to months after the measles has resolved.
• Impaired concentration: The impairment of ones ability to concentrate
• Impaired thinking: The impairment of ones ability to think clearly
• Impatience: Excessive haste and intolerance for delay
• Impramine toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Impulse Control Disorders: Disorders where people have difficulty controlling their impulses
• Impulsivity: Lack of impulse control.
• Inability to concentrate: it can occur either due to medical conditions or psychological conditions
• Inattention: Lack of attention or reduced attention span.
• Inborn amino acid metabolism disorder: A group of inherited disorders where the body is not able to metabolize amino acids consumed in the diet. Amino acids are a part of carbohydrates, fats and proteins and are metabolized in order to provide energy or to make other needed compounds. There are many steps involved in metabolism and the severity can be greatly variable depending on the exact nature of the disorder.
• Inborn urea cycle disorder: A genetic disorder involving a deficiency of one of the enzymes needed in the urea cycle. The urea cycle is the process of removing ammonia from blood stream by converting it to urea and excreting it via urine. A build-up of ammonia in the blood is toxic to the body and can cause serious brain damage. The progressively severe symptoms usually become obvious within the first few weeks of birth. Nevertheless, mild or partial enzyme deficiencies may cause little or no symptoms or symptoms that don't start until later in life.
• Inch ant sting: The Inch ant is found in parts of Australia and can cause allergic reactions in susceptible people. Some people have a relatively minor allergic response whereas other develop anaphylaxis which is a life-threatening allergic response which requires urgent medical attention. The ants have a venom gland attached to a stinger located in their tail region. Ants can sting more than once.
• Incontinentia Pigmenti: A rare genetic skin pigmentation disorder characterized by eye, teeth, bone, nail and hair malformations as well as central nervous abnormalities and mental deficiency.
• Increased anxiety: A mental condition that is characterized by increased anxiety and avoidance behaviours
• Infant Cytomegalic virus: A serious CMV viral infection in newborns.
• Infantile axonal neuropathy: A very rare form of progressive nerve damage that starts early in life. The central nervous system is also usually involved.
• Infantile multisystem inflammatory disease: A rare autoinflammatory disease characterized by fever, rash, arthritic changes, eye problems and chronic meningitis.
• Infantile polymyoclonus: A rare disorder characterized by involuntary muscle jerking and rapid eye movements. The condition is not progressive and symptoms go through periods of improvement and deterioration.
• Infantile sleep apnea: Apnea of infancy occurs in children who are younger than 1 year old and who were born after a full-term pregnancy.
• Infantile spasms: A condition which is characterized by brief muscular spasms in infants
• Infantile spasms - broad thumbs: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by spasms during infancy and broad thumbs.
• Infectious CFS: Infectious chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic fatigue condition which may follow severe infections - viral or other. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition.
• Infectious meningitis: Infectious meningitis is meningitis caused by bacterial, viral, or protozoan infection. Most of the agents known to cause meningitis are infectious, but very few people exposed to them will get meningitis. Those at greatest danger include people with AIDS, infants, transplant patients, and others whose immune systems may be compromised.
• Inhalant abuse: Inhalant abuse is the use of various inhalants for the purpose of achieving a "high". They are often used as a cheap, readily available alternative to street drugs but they can cause serious damage to the body. Inhalants include gasoline, adhesives, solvents, and aerosols. These inhalants can be abused by sniffing them, spraying directly into the mouth, heating them and then inhaling them or injecting them directly into the body.
• Inhalant addiction: Inhalant addiction refers to the compulsive need to abuse inhalants (e.g. inhaling them). Sufferers have withdrawal symptoms when attempting to stop the habit and feel unable to stop the habit despite knowing the harm it is causing their health. Inhalants are very damaging to the body and can readily result permanent brain damage and even death. Death can occur through chronic use and in rare cases can occur after one session of use. Children and teenagers are particular at risk for this type of addiction - it is readily available and users feel it gains them greater acceptance from their peers. Inhalants includes glues, shoe polish, household cleaners, room deodorizers and nail polish removers.
• Inheritable disorders of connective tissue: Disorders that affect the connective tissue of the body that are handed down from generation to generation
• Inherited spherocytic anemia: Inherited Spherocytic anemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by red blood cells that are shaped like a sphere (spherocytes) rather than the normal doughnut shape. These abnormal cells are broken down prematurely resulting in a shortage of red blood cells (anemia).
• Insanity: A non specific term used to describe a severely deteriorated mental state resulting from a mental disorder.
• Insect allergy: An allergic response to a wasp sting.
• Insect bite allergy: An insect bite allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a bite by an insect such as an ant. Multiple bites increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Insect sting allergy: An insect sting allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a sting by an insect such as an ant. Multiple stings increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis: A rare disorder primarily involving insensitivity to pain with a lack of sweating.
• Insomnia: feeling of melancholy
• Insulinoma: A rare form of pancreatic cancer that causes excessive secretion of the hormone insulin. A relatively small number of cases are malignant.
• Intellectual deficit - cataracts - calcified pinnae - myopathy: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, cataracts, muscle disease and calcified ear cartilage. The muscle wasting starts in the lower legs and eventually involves the small hand muscles.
• Intellectual deficit - multiple anomalies: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and multiple birth abnormalities such as heart defects, undescended testes, curved spine and distinctive facial appearance.
• Intellectual deficit - short stature - microcephaly - eye anomalies: A very rare syndrome characterized by the association of mild mental retardation, short stature, a small head and eye anomalies.
• Intellectual handicap: Any condition which affects ones intellect
• Intellectual impairment: The impairment of ones cognition
• Intermittent Explosive Disorder: Episodes of explosively aggressive behavior
• Intracranial Embolism: Blockage of a blood vessel inside the skull and affects blood flow to parts of the brain. The severity of the condition is variable depending on the size, location and duration of the blockage.
• Intracranial Hemorrhages: Bleeding inside the skull. The condition is a medical emergency and the greater the bleeding, the more severe the condition.
• Intracranial arachnoid cysts: A rare disorder involving a fluid-filled cysts on the arachnoid membrane which is one of the thin layers of tissue that form a membrane which covers the brain. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the size and location of the cyst.
• Intrauterine infections: Infection of the fetus while still inside the womb. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the type of infection and at what stage of pregnancy it occurs. Some cases are mild enough to be asymptomatic and others are severe enough to cause a miscarriage.
• Intrinsic asthma: Asthma that is not allergy related.
• Intrinsic factor, congenital deficiency of: A very rare disorder where a deficiency of a protein called intrinsic factor prevents vitamin B12 from being absorbed from the stomach. Thus, vitamin B12 deficiency occurs which leads to anemia.
• Iophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of poisons.
• Iris coloboma, macrocephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, brachydactyly and mental retardation: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head, brain anomaly, short digits, mental retardation and an eye defect.
• Irish potato poisoning: The common potato is an edible root. However, the potato sprouts and green skin in old potatoes contain chemicals such as solanine which can cause symptoms if eaten. Severe cases can result in death but this is relatively rare.
• Iron deficiency: When there is a deficiency of iron in the body
• Iron deficiency anemia: Iron-deficiency anemia is a blood condition characterized by low levels of iron in the body which leads to a reduction in the number of red blood cells.
• Irritability: Excessive feelings of annoyance or frustration.
• Ischiadic hypoplasia - renal dysfunction - immunodeficiency: A rare disorder characterized by abnormal kidney function, immunodeficiency and an underdeveloped
• Isolation: Social withdrawal or isolation
• Isoniazid toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Isoniazid-induced Sideroblastic anemia: Drug-induced sideroblastic anemia is a blood disorder caused by taking a drug called isoniazid. The body has sufficient iron levels but is unable to utilise it properly in red blood cells. The iron becomes abnormally deposited in red blood cells which make them unable to function properly.
• Isopterophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of termites.
• Jack jumper ant sting: The jack jumper ant is commonly found in many parts of Australia and can cause allergic reactions in susceptible people. Some people have a relatively minor allergic response whereas other develop anaphylaxis which is a life-threatening allergic response which requires urgent medical attention. Jack jumpers deliver their venom by grabbing skin in its jaws and then using a stinger located in their tail region to inject the venom.
• Jacobs syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by heart inflammation (pericardium), joint disease and permanent finger flexion. The number of joints affected is variable.
• Jacobsen syndrome: A very rare chromosomal disorder involving the absence of a portion of chromosome 11q. The range and severity of symptoms is determined by the size of the portion that is deleted.
• Jaffer-Beighton syndrome: A rare inherited syndrome characterized by loose joints, slipped vertebrae and long, thin fingers.
• Jankovic-Rivera syndrome: A rare inherited syndrome characterized by involuntary muscle jerking and progressive muscle wasting in the hands and feet.
• Japanese andromeda poisoning: An evergreen flowering shrub originating from Asia. The leaves and flower nectar contain a chemical called andromedotoxin which is highly toxic. Ingesting the leaves or nectar can result in death as the plant is considered highly toxic.
• Japanese encephalitis: A form of encephalitis caused by a flavivirus (Japanese B encephalitis virus - JBEV) and transmitted by mosquito bites. Most cases are mild and asymptomatic but severe cases can lead to death.
• Japanese pagoda tree poisoning: A deciduous tree which bears clusters of fragrant, pea-like flowers. The plant originated in China and is often used as an ornamental tree. The seeds contain a chemical which can cause symptoms if eaten. The seeds are considered to have a low level of toxicity.
• Jaundice: yellowish discoloration of the skin and mucous membrane
• Jessamine poisoning: Jessamine is an evergreen shrub which bears aromatic flowers and small white or purplish berries. It is often utilized as a houseplant or grown in gardens. The unripe berries contain various alkaloids which can be toxic if large quantities of the berries are eaten.
• Jet lag: Jet lag is a physiological condition which is a consequence of alterations to circadian rhythms; it is classified as one of the circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Jet lag results from rapid long-distance transmeridian (east-west or west-east) travel, as on a jet plane.
• Jeune syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by short limbs, underdeveloped iliac wings and a narrow rigid thoracic cage that often results in asphyxiation.
• Jeune-Tommasi syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by ataxia, deafness and heart problems.
• Jimsonweed poisoning: The Jimsonweed is a herb that bears single large white or lavender flowers and seeds surrounded by a spiny shell. The plant contains tropane alkaloids (mainly the seeds and leaves) which can cause symptoms if eaten in large quantities.
• Jin Bu Huan-induced lead poisoning: Jin Bu Huan is a folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat pain. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Job syndrome: An immunodeficiency disorder characterized by excessive production of IgE and frequent bacterial infections mainly involving the skin.
• Jorgenson-Lenz syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by
• Joubert Syndrome: A rare neurological disorder where there is a defect in the part of the brain that controls coordination and balance.
• Juberg-Hayward syndrome: A rare hereditary disorder characterized by a growth hormone deficiency as well as mouth and limb abnormalities.
• Judeophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of Jews.
• Jumping Frenchmen of Maine: A rare condition where the startle reflex is greatly exaggerated. The startle reflex in this order is characterized by jumping, raising the arms, yelling, hitting, obeying sudden commands and repeating sentences.
• Jung-Wolff-Back-Stahl syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by brain abnormalities, mental retardation and facial and skull anomalies.
• Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma: A type of brain tumor that occurs in children and young adults. The tumor is derived from a type of cell called an astrocyte and it can occur in various parts of the brain as well as the optic pathways and the spinal cord. Malignancy is rare. Symptoms may vary depending on the size and location of the tumor.
• KBG Syndrome: A very rare genetic disorder involving short stature, mental retardation, abnormal development of various bones.
• Kakorrhaphiophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of failure or defeat.
• Kalam-Hafeez syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by low parathyroid levels in infants, retarded growth, mental retardation, dysmorphic features and seizures.
• Kaler-Garrity-Stern syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by osteopenia, mental retardation and sparse hair.
• Kandu-induced lead poisoning: Kandu (red powder) is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian and Indian people to treat intestinal problems. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Karandikar-Maria-Kamble syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by cataracts, mental retardation, genitourinary tract abnormalities and absent anal opening.
• Kartagener syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by enlarged bronchial tubes, sinusitis and cross-positioning of body organs.
• Katagelophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of being ridiculed or disliked.
• Katayama fever: An acute disease due to infection with Schistosoma parasites. Transmission can occur through contact with infected waters.
• Katsantoni-Papadakou-Lagoyanni syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and hair abnormalities.
• Kawasaki disease: A childhood illness that generally affects the skin, mouth and lymph nodes.
• Kearns-Sayre Syndrome: A rare neuromuscular disorder characterized by pigmented deposits on the retina, heart disease and progressive paralysis of some eye muscles.
• Kennerknecht syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by absent gonads, mental retardation, short stature, retarded bone age and heart abnormalities. The observed cases involved a family whose parents were related.
• Kennerknecht-Sorgo-Oberhoffer syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by absent gonads and an underdeveloped right side of the heart.
• Kennerknecht-Vogel syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by absent gonads, mental retardation, short stature, retarded bone age and heart abnormalities.
• Kenophobia: Unnatural fear of large open spaces. Also called cenophabia.
• Kentucky coffee tea poisoning: Kentucky coffee tea is a large, deciduous tree which bear small flowers and a flattened seed pod. The sticky, sweet substance surrounding the seeds in the seedpods contains a chemical called alkaloid cytosine which can cause symptoms if eaten. The plant is considered to have a relatively low level of toxicity.
• Keratosis palmoplantaris - corneal dystrophy: A rare condition where a deficiency of a liver enzyme (tyrosinase aminotransferase) causes tyrosine levels in the blood to increase and result in eye problems, mental retardation and horny skin lesions which develop on pressure points on the hands and feet.
• Keraunophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of thunder and lightning.
• Kernicterus: passage of bilirubin though the blood brain barrier
• Keutel syndrome 2: A rare inherited syndrome characterized mainly meningocele, various skeletal abnormalities and retarded motor and mental development.
• Kidney stones: A crystal deposit that is made of urates and phosphates that occurs in the kidneys
• Kidney symptoms: Symptoms affecting one or both kidneys.
• Kifafa seizure disorder: A rare form of seizure involving head nodding prior to the seizure and often associated with neurological symptoms and Parkinson-like symptoms.
• Kinetophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or dislike of movement or motion .
• King Cobra poisoning: The King Cobra is a large venomous snake usually found in southeast Asia and India. Most bites from this snake results in envenomation due to the ferocity of their bite. The poison primarily affects the neuromuscular system but can also affect blood clotting.
• Kleeblattschaedel syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a head the is somewhat cloverleaf shaped.
• Kleine-Levin Syndrome: A rare disorders marked by episodes of enormous eating and sleeping with increased dependence or aggressiveness. In between, episodes, the person is generally normal.
• Kleptophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of thieves or having things stolen by thieves.
• Klinefelter syndrome: A genetic condition where males have at least one extra X chromosome or extra copies of both the X and Y chromosomes in each cell. Normally male cells contain one X and one Y chromosome in each cell. The condition is not inherited but is a result of problems during cell division. Klinefelter syndrome variants is a more severe form of the condition as it involves more than one extra X or X and Y chromosome in each cell.
• Klinefelter syndrome, variants: A genetic condition where males have at least one extra X chromosome or extra copies of both the X and Y chromosomes in each cell. Normally male cells contain one X and one Y chromosome in each cell. The condition is not inherited but is a result of problems during cell division.
• Klippel Feil Syndrome: A rare congenital disorder characterized by abnormal fusion of two or more vertebrae in the neck. The disorder is often associated with other abnormalities but their incidence is highly variable.
• Klippel-Feil syndrome recessive type: A rare recessively inherited disorder characterized by abnormal fusion of two or more vertebrae in the neck. The disorder is often associated with other abnormalities but their incidence is highly variable.
• Klippel-Feil syndrome, dominant type: A rare dominantly inherited disorder characterized by abnormal fusion of two or more vertebrae in the neck. The disorder is often associated with other abnormalities but their incidence is highly variable.
• Kluver-Bucy Syndrome: A condition where damage to the temporal brain lobes from any of a variety of causes (accident, hypoglycemia, Alzheimer's and others) results in symptoms such as memory loss and abnormal behavior.
• Knoiophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of dust.
• Kohl-induced lead poisoning: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by various ethnic groups (e.g. Africans, Asians, Indians and Pakistanis) to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Koone-Rizzo-Elias syndrome: A rare congenital disorder characterized by mental retardation, spasticity and dry, scaly skin.
• Kopophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of fatigue or exhaustion.
• Korsakoff's psychosis: A form of amnesia involving the loss of short-term memory and inability to learn new skills. The patient may also be disorientated and delirious. The condition is often observed in chronic alcoholics.
• Kosztolanyi syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by severely retarded development, long thin fingers, mental retardation and skull and facial abnormalities.
• Kotzot-Richter syndrome: A rare congenital disorder characterized by lack of skin and eye pigmentation, problems with the immune system, blood disorders and other anomalies.
• Krabbe leukodystrophy: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the deficiency of an enzyme called galactocerebrosidase. It is a leukodystrophy which refers to a group of genetic disorders that affect the growth of the protective coating around the brain nerves.
• Krabbé Disease: Brain myelin disorder with various symptoms.
• Kramer-Pollnow disease: A neurological condition where young children develop hyperactivity followed by mental retardation, reduced speech efficiency and anxiety.
• Krause syndrome: A syndrome involving the abnormal development of the eye and cerebral portion of the brain. It most often occurs in premature infants or an infant from a multiple birth. It is believed to possibly result from intercurrent infections in the mother, placental abnormalities and hemorrhages that occur during the second trimester of the pregnancy.
• Krause-Kivlin syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by short limb dwarfism, mental retardation and Peters anomaly.
• Kurczynski-Casperson syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by premature fusion of skull bones, abnormal ears and webbing of the last two toes.
• Kushta-induced lead poisoning: Kushta is a folk remedy used mainly by Indian and Pakistani people as an aphrodisiac and to treat diseases involving organs such as the liver, brain, heart and stomach. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Kynophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of rabies.
• L1 Syndrome: L1 Syndrome refers to range of disorders characterized by stiff muscles (spasticity) in the legs, reduced intelligence, excessive fluid in the brain (hydrocephalus) and abnormally bent thumbs. The range and severity of symptoms is highly variable. Disorders which varying forms of L1 Syndrome includes MASA syndrome, X-linked Corpus Callosum agenesis and X-linked Mental Retardation Complicated Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia type 1. The condition tends to produce mild if any symptoms in females in nearly all cases.
• LSD addiction: LSD addiction is the uncontrollable craving for LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) which is a hallucinogenic drug which is derived from a type of fungus. Although the drug is not technically classified as addictive as it doesn't cause drug-seeking behaviours but increasing tolerance to the drug means that increasing doses of the drug are required to achieve the desired effects. It causes a psychological addiction rather than a physical addiction.
• Lachanophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of vegetables.
• Lactic Acidosis, Fatal Infantile: The excessive accumulation of lactic acid in the blood which leads to metabolic acidosis.
• Lactic acidosis congenital infantile: A rare congenital condition where an infant has high levels of lactic acid in the blood causing metabolic acidosis.
• Lafora disease: A rare genetic disorder caused by the inclusion of a substance called Lafora bodies in cells throughout the body. The condition is progressive and causes progressive seizures and dementia.
• Laliophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of talking.
• Lambert syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by a club foot, inguinal hernia, biliar atresia and branchial dysplasia.
• Landau-Kleffner Syndrome: A neurological disorder which results in aphasia, epileptic seizures and inability to recognize sounds.
• Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A condition which is characterized by proliferation of Langerhans cells
• Late-onset Alzheimer's: Late-onset Alzheimer's is a form of Alzheimer's disease that doesn't appear to be linked to any genetic defects or familial pattern. It is by far the most common form of Alzheimer's - occurs in up to 90% of Alzheimer sufferers. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Lathosterolosis: A very rare disorder where an enzyme (sterol C5-desaturase) deficiency prevents the normal synthesis of cholesterol in the body. The deficiency causes various malformations, mental retardation and liver disease.
• Laurence-Moon Syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized by vision loss, impaired hormone production, mental retardation and spastic paraplegia.
• Laxative abuse: When a person uses laxatives to excess
• Laxative abuse syndrome: Chronic overuse of laxatives resulting in various gastrointestinal symptoms. The condition is considered a variant of Munchausen syndrome.
• Lazarus complex: Various symptoms observed in people who have survived a heart attack.
• Lead poisoning: A type of heavy metal poisoning caused by excessive exposure to lead.
• Lead poisoning - African Folk Remedies - Kohl: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by African people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - African Folk Remedies - Surma: Surma is a black powder used as a cosmetic as well as a folk remedy by African people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Aisan Folk Remedies - Chuifong tokuwan: Chuifong tokuwan is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian people to arthritis and other pain. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Bali goli: Bali goli (flat black bean) is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian people to treat intestinal problems. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Deshi Dewa: Deshi Dewa is a folk remedy by Asian people as a fertility medicine. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Ghasard: Ghasard is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Asian and Indian people as a tonic (usually for indigestion). This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Kandu: Kandu (red powder) is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian people to treat intestinal problems. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Kohl: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Pay-loo-ah: Pay-loo-ah is a folk remedy used mainly by Vietnamese people to treat fever and rash. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Surma: Surma is a black powder used as a cosmetic as well as a folk remedy by Asian people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Ba Bow Sen: Ba Bow Sen is a folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat childhood hyperactivity and to alleviate nightmares. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Cordyceps: Cordyceps is a folk remedy by Chinese people to treat high blood pressure, bleeding problems and diabetes. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Hai Ge Fen: Hai Ge Fen is clamshell powder used mainly by Chinese people to make traditional Chinese herbal medicines. This product has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Jin Bu Huan: Jin Bu Huan is a folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat pain. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Po Ying Tan: Po Ying Tan is a folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat minor childhood complaints. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Rueda: Rueda is a lead-containing folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat infant colic or to calm young children. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Folk Remedies: A number of folk remedies have the potential to cause lead poisoning due to their relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. The high content of lead in some folk remedies can cause symptoms of lead poisoning which can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Alarcon: Alarcon is a folk remedy used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Azarcon: Azarcon is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Coral: Coral is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Greta: Greta is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Liga: Liga is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Luiga: Luiga is a folk remedy used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Maria Luisa: Maria Luisa is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Indian Folk Remedies - Deshi Dewa: Deshi Dewa is a folk remedy by Indian people as a fertility medicine. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Indian Folk Remedies - Kandu: Kandu (red powder) is a folk remedy used mainly by Indian people to treat intestinal problems. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Indian Folk Remedies - Kohl: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by Indian people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Indian Folk Remedies - Kushta: Kushta is a folk remedy used mainly by the Indian people as an aphrodisiac and to treat diseases involving organs such as the liver, brain, heart and stomach. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Indian Folk Remedies - Surma: Surma is a black powder used as a cosmetic as well as a folk remedy by Indian people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Iranian Folk Remedies - Bint Al Zahab: Bint Al Zahab is a folk remedy used mainly by Iranian people to treat infant colic and to facilitate the passage of meconium in newborns. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Kuwait Folk Remedies - Bokhoor: Bokhoor is a traditional used mainly by Kuwait people to calm infants - it involves burning wood and lead sulphide and inhaling the fumes that are produced. This practice has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to the relatively high exposure to lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Loas Folk Remedies - Pay-loo-ah: Pay-loo-ah is a folk remedy used mainly by the Hmong people from Loas to treat fever and rash. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Alarcon: Alarcon is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Albayaidle: Albayaidle is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems such as vomiting and colic. It is also used to treat apathy and lethargy. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Albayalde: Albayalde is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems such as vomiting and colic. It is also used to treat apathy and lethargy. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Azarcon: Azarcon is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Coral: Coral is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Greta: Greta is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Liga: Liga is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Luiga: Luiga is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Maria Luisa: Maria Luisa is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle East Folk Remedies - Surma: Surma is a black powder used as a cosmetic as well as a folk remedy by Middle East people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Alkohl: Alkohl is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Anzroot: Anzroot is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat gastroenteritis. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Cebagin: Cebagin is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Henna: Henna is used mainly by Middle Eastern people as a hair and skin dye. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Kohl: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Saoot: Saoot is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat digestive eye injuries, teething and to manage the umbilical stump in newborns. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Pakistan Folk Remedies - Kohl: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by Pakistani people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Pakistan Folk Remedies - Kushta: Kushta is a folk remedy used mainly by the Pakistani people as an aphrodisiac and to treat diseases involving organs such as the liver, brain, heart and stomach. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Pakistan Folk Remedies - Surma: Surma is a black powder used as a cosmetic as well as a folk remedy by Pakistani people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Pakistani eye cosmetics: Exposure to lead can result from the use of Pakistani eye cosmetics contaminated with lead. The most frequent cases have been noted in children as they are more sensitive to the effects of lead. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Arabian Folk Remedies - Al Murrah: Al Murrah is a folk remedy used mainly by Saudi Arabian people to treat problems such as stomach pain, diarrhea and colic. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Arabian Folk Remedies - Bint Dahab: Bint Dahab is a folk remedy used mainly by Saudi Arabian people to treat such things as constipation, diarrhea, colic and various other infant conditions. It is also used by Saudi Arabian jewelers. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Arabian Folk Remedies - Bokhoor: Bokhoor is a traditional used mainly by Saudi Arabian people to calm infants - it involves burning wood and lead sulphide and inhaling the fumes that are produced. This practice has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to the relatively high exposure to lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Arabian Folk Remedies - Farouk: Farouk is a folk remedy by Saudi Arabian people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Arabian Folk Remedies - Santrinj: Santrinj is a paint primer but is also used as a folk remedy mainly by Saudi Arabian people to treat teething and gum boils. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Folk Remedies - Traditional Saudi medicine: Traditional Saudi medicine is a folk remedy used mainly by Saudi people to treat teething and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Tamarind candy: Eating tamarind candy jam products made in Mexico can lead to exposure to lead as the product is often packaged in lead-containing containers which can leach lead. The most frequent cases have been noted in children as they are more sensitive to the effects of lead. Elevated levels of lead in the blood can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Lead poisoning - Tibetan Folk Remedies - Tibetan herbal vitamin: Tibetan herbal vitamin is a folk remedy used mainly by Tibetan people to improve brain functioning. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Learning disabilities: Difficulty with learning or schooling.
• Lederer's anemia: Lederer's anemia refers to the rapid destruction of red blood cells for no apparent reason.
• Legionella adelaidensis infection: Legionella adelaidensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella anisa infection: Legionella anisa is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella beliardensis infection: Legionella beliardensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella birminghamensis infection: Legionella birminghamensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella bozemanii infection: Legionella bozemanii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella bruneiensis infection: Legionella bruneiensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella brunensis infection: Legionella brunensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella busanensis infection: Legionella busanensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella cherrii infection: Legionella cherrii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella cincinnatiensis infection: Legionella cincinnatiensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella donaldsonii infection: Legionella donaldsonii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella donaldsonil infection: Legionella donaldsonil is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella drancourtii infection: Legionella drancourtii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella drozanskii infection: Legionella drozanskii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella dumofii infection: Legionella dumofii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella erythra infection: Legionella erythra is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella fairfieldensis infection: Legionella fairfieldensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella fallonii infection: Legionella falloni is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella feelei infection: Legionella feelei is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella feeleii infection: Legionella feeleii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella gesstiana infection: Legionella gesstiana is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella gormanii infection: Legionella micdadei is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella gratiana infection: Legionella gratiana is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella gresilensis infection: Legionella gresilensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella hackeliae infection: Legionella hackeliae is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella impletisoli infection: Legionella impletisoli is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella isrealensis infection: Legionella isrealensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella jamestowniensis infection: Legionella jamestowniensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella jordanis infection: Legionella jordanis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella lansingensis infection: Legionella lansingensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella londinensis infection: Legionella londinensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella longbeachae infection: Legionella longbeachae is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment, especially potting mixes and compost. Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella lytica infection: Legionella lytica is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella maceachemii infection: Legionella maceachemii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella maceachernii infection: Legionella maceachernii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella micdadei infection: Legionella micdadei is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella monrovica infection: Legionella monrovica is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella moravica infection: Legionella moravica is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella nautarum infection: Legionella nautarum is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella oakridgensis infection: Legionella oakridgensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella parisiensis infection: Legionella parisiensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella quateirensis infection: Legionella quateirensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella quinlivanii infection: Legionella quinlivanii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella rowbothamii infection: Legionella rowbothamii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella rubrilucens infection: Legionella rubrilucens is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella sainthelensi infection: Legionella sainthelensi is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella santicrucis infection: Legionella santicrucis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella shakespearei infection: Legionella shakespearei is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella spiritensis infection: Legionella spiritensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella steigerwaltii infection: Legionella steigerwaltii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella tauriensis infection: Legionella tauriensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella tusconensis infection: Legionella tucsonensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella wadsorthii infection: Legionella wadsorthii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella wadsworthii infection: Legionella wadsworthii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella waltersii infection: Legionella moravica is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella worsliensis infection: Legionella worsliensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella yabuuchiae infection: Legionella yabuuchiae is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionnaires' disease: A severe respiratory disease which is caused by the Legionella pneumophila bacteria. The condition can result in pneumonia and can be life-threatening.
• Leigh syndrome: A rare, progressive, neurological disorder characterized by the degeneration of the brain and impaired function of various body organs. The condition is caused by a systemic deficiency of the cytochrome C oxidase enzyme.
• Leigh syndrome, French Canadian type: A rare, progressive, inherited metabolic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme cytochrome C oxidase affects skeletal muscles, connective tissue, brain and liver.
• Leigh syndrome, Saguenay-Lac-St. Jean type: A rare, progressive, inherited metabolic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme cytochrome C oxidase affects skeletal muscles, connective tissue, brain and liver.
• Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: A form of epilepsy that occurs mostly in preschool-aged children and is characterized mainly by absences.
• Lenten rose poisoning: Lenten rose is a herbaceous plant which has light-colored flowers which become purple as they age. The plant is often found in gardens. The plant contains a chemical called protoanemonin which can cause various symptoms if large quantities are eaten. Skin irritation can also result from skin exposure.
• Lenz Majewski hyperostotic dwarfism: A rare genetic disorder characterized by dense, thick bones and symphalangism.
• Lenz Microphthalmia Syndrome: A condition which is characterized by an abnormally small eye
• Lepraphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of leprosy.
• Leprechaunism: A very rare genetic disorder characterized by insulin resistance which leads to growth delay and endocrine system abnormalities.
• Lesch-Nyhan syndrome: Inherited biochemical disorder of purine metabolism caused by the virtual absence of an enzyme called hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase or HPRT.
• Leschke-Ullmann syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by patches of skin pigmentation, physical and mental retardation, dwarfism, sexual dysfunction and muscle problems.
• Letterer-Siwe disease: A rare usually fatal condition characterized by skin lesions, bleeding tendency, enlarged liver and spleen, enlarged lymph nodes and progressive anemia. The condition is caused by excessive proliferation of histiocytes.
• Leucinosis: A term used to describe high levels of leucine in the body. It is associated with a metabolic disorder called maple syrup urine disease where there is a deficiency of an enzyme needed to break down leucine so it builds up within the body.
• Leukemia: Cancer of the blood cells, usually white blood cells.
• Leukemia, Myeloid: A form of blood cancer that causes a proliferation of the precursors or immature red blood cells, platelets and certain white blood cells such as granulocytes and monocytes.
• Leukemia, Myeloid, Aggressive-Phase: Myeloid leukemia is a form of cancer where the bone marrow makes too many myeloid cells (granulocytes and their precursors) in the bone marrow which accumulates in the blood and eventually invades various parts of the body. The aggressive phase of myeloid leukemia follows the chronic form and is a sign that the condition is progressing more rapidly to a blast crisis which is the final stage of leukemia.
• Leukodystrophy: A very rare group of metabolic diseases where chemical anomalies affect the development or maintenance of the protective coating around nerves (myelin sheath). The brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves may be involved. The range and severity of symptoms is determined by the chemical involved but one of the main symptoms for all the leukodystrophies is a gradual loss of previously acquired mental or physical skills.
• Leukoencephalopathy: Immune destruction of the myelin cover of nerves.
• Leukomalacia: Softening or destruction of the white matter of the brain. Brain tissue that surrounds fluid-filled parts of the brain (ventricles) is destroyed. It tends to occur mainly in premature or newborn babies who have been deprived of oxygen or have poor blood flow to parts of the brain. Intrauterine infections and premature membrane rupture tend to predispose infants to this condition. This type of brain destruction can cause cerebral palsy. Severity of symptoms varies according to the degree of injury to the brain.
• Leukomelanoderma - Infantalism - Mental Retardation - Hypodontia - Hypotrichosis: A rare syndrome characterized by poor growth, mental retardation and hair, tooth and skin anomalies.
• Leukomelanoderma, infantilism, mental retardation, hypodontia, hypotrichosis: A very rare condition characterized by areas of increased and decreased skin pigmentation, mental retardation and sparse hair
• Level of consciousness, decreased: A decrease in the state of being conscious
• Levic-Stefanovic-Nikolic syndrome: A very rare inherited syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, ophthalmoplegia and a fissured tongue.
• Levophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of objects on the left side of the body.
• Lhermitte-McAlpine syndrome: A type of neurodegenerative disorder that involves pyramidal and extrapyramidal symptoms. It can occur in middle-aged or old people and usually results in death within a year of onset.
• Licorice-induced hypertension: Licorice-induced hypertension is a relatively quick increase in blood pressure due to eating licorice (either in the form of candy or as a herb). Blood pressure usually resumes to normalisation quite rapidly. Patients with existing blood pressure problems should avoid consuming licorice as it can cause their blood pressure to rise to dangerously high levels.
• Lidocaine toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Liga-induced lead poisoning: Liga is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lily-of-the-Valley poisoning: Lily-of-the-Valley is a plant often grown in gardens. The plant contains cardiac glycosides (convallamatian, convallarin) and saponins which can cause poisoning symptoms if eaten. Large amounts would need to be eaten to cause poisoning symptoms. Cardiovascular symptoms usually occur a few hours after gastrointestinal symptoms. The biggest danger of eating this plant is the effects on the heart which can cause serious problems in patients with underlying heart conditions.
• Limb deficiencies distal micrognathia: A rare genetic disorder characterized by a small jaw, small mouth and defects involving the hands and feet.
• Limbic encephalitis: Inflammation of the limbic system which is the part of the brain responsible for basic autonomic functions.
• Limbic encephalitis - neuromyotonia - hyperhidrosis - polyneuropathy: A rare autoimmune disorder involving excessive sweating, dysfunction central nervous system and neuromyotonia. The condition occurs when the body develops antibodies to voltage-gated potassium channels.
• Limnophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of lakes.
• Lindsay-Burn syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, psychosis and enlarged testes.
• Lindstrom syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, facial anomalies, short stature and seizures.
• Linonophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of string.
• Lipidosis with triglyceride storage disease: A very disorder involving abnormal storage of fat (triglycerides in parts of the body). The condition causes blood abnormalities as well as skin, eye and hearing problems.
• Lipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency: A very rare enzyme deficiency (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase) which can cause lactic acidosis. The age of onset and symptoms are variable.
• Lipoid proteinosis of Urbach and Wiethe: A rare congenital lipoid storage disease where lipids, carbohydrates and proteins are deposited onto blood vessel walls and other tissues.
• Lissauer paralysis: Diffuse degeneration of one side of the cerebral cortex which causes dementia, weakness and seizures.
• Lissencephaly: A very rare disorder characterized by abnormal brain formation so that the brain surface appears smooth rather than convoluted.
• Lissencephaly - immunodeficiency: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal brain development and a poor immune system.
• Lissencephaly 3: A rare brain malformation where the surface of the brain is smoother than normal. The brain abnormality causes symptoms such as mental retardation and seizures. The severity of the disorder is variable and is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 12q12-q14.
• Lissencephaly syndrome type 1: A very rare form of the brain formation disorder called lissencephaly where the brain surface is abnormally smooth rather than convoluted resulting in mental retardation. Physical malformations are also present.
• Lissencephaly type 1, due to LIS 1 anomalies: A rare brain malformation where the surface of the brain is smoother than normal. Type 1 is caused by a defect on the LIS1 gene on chromosome 17p13.3. The severity of the symptoms are variable depending on the severity of the brain abnormality. Miller-Dieker syndrome is a subtype of this condition.
• Lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia: Abnormal brain development characterized by an abnormally smooth brain surface and an underdeveloped cerebellum. The severity of the disorder is variable but often involves seizures and mental retardation.
• Lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia, recessive: Abnormal brain development where the brain is abnormally smooth and the cerebellum is underdeveloped.
• Lissencephaly, X linked - agenesis of the corpus callosum - genital anomalies: A rare brain malformation where the surface of the brain is smoother than normal. Absent corpus callosum and genital anomalies are also associated. The severity of the disorder is variable.
• Lissencephaly, X-linked 2: A rare brain malformation where the surface of the brain is smoother than normal. Genital anomalies are also associated. The severity of the disorder is variable.
• Lissencephaly, type 1, X-linked: Abnormal brain development characterized by an abnormally smooth brain. This form of the disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner (defect on the DCX gene) and the corpus callosum fails to develop. Males tend to be affected more severely than females.
• Listeriosis: Bacterial food poisoning
• Listeriosis meningoencephalitis: Listeria monocytogenes infection of the brain and meninges that can occur in immunocompromised people or newborns.
• Liver failure: When the liver fails to function
• Liver symptoms: Symptoms affecting the liver
• Loeys-Dietz syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a bulge in the aorta (aneurysm), wide set eyes, cleft palate, divided uvula and twisted arteries.
• Logophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or dislike of words.
• Lopes-Marques de Faria syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by decreased hair and mental retardation.
• Lortab overdose: Lortab is a prescription drug used to treat. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Lortab withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Lortab use is discontinued or reduced. Lortab is a pain-killer and cough reliever. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence. Symptoms are usually peak during the second day and last about a week.
• Loss of memory: The loss of ones ability to recall things from ones memory
• Low birth weight - dwarfism - dysgammaglobulinemia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by low birth weight, short stature and a immune system abnormality.
• Low sodium: Low blood sodium levels (hyponatremia)
• Lowe oculocerebrorenal syndrome: A rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized primarily by eye and bone abnormalities, mental retardation and kidney problems.
• Lowry-Maclean syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, retarded growth, glaucoma, congenital heart defects and premature fusion of skull bones.
• Lowry-Wood syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by a small head, rapid involuntary eye movements (nystagmus) and abnormal development of the ends of long bones where growth occurs.
• Luiga-induced lead poisoning: Coral is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lujan-Fryns syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation and marfanoid habitus (features of Marfan's syndrome).
• Lunaphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of the moon.
• Lundberg II syndrome: A rare syndrome involving cataracts, reduced hormone production by ovaries or testes and myopathy which mainly involves the facial and muscles close to the trunk.
• Lupine poisoning: A flowering herb which produced long clusters of flowers in various colors. It also produces flat, seed-filled pods. The seeds contain toxic chemicals (alkaloids such as lupinine, anagyrine, sparteine) which can cause poisoning if eaten in large quantities. Different species have different amounts of the toxin and some species are not toxic at all.
• Lupus: Autoimmune disease with numerous effects on various organs and linings.
• Lyme disease: Lyme disease is an emerging infectious disease caused by at least three species of bacteria belonging to the genus Borrelia.
• Lymphangiectasies and lymphedema Hennekam type: A rare disorder characterized by buildup of lymphatic fluid in the limbs, face and genitals, seizures and mental and growth retardation.
• Lymphatic Filariasis: Parasitic worm infection of the lympatic system
• Lymphocytic choriomeningitis: Rodent-borne viral disease often causing meningitis or encephalitis
• Lymphoedema - lymphangiectasia - mental retardation: A rare disorder characterized by buildup of lymphatic fluid in the limbs, face and genitals, seizures and mental and growth retardation.
• Lymphomatous thyroiditis: Progressive thyroid gland enlargement due to autoimmune disease.
• Lysosomal glycogen storage disease with normal acid maltase activity: A rare inherited disorder characterized by severe heart problems, varying degrees of muscle weakness and often mental retardation. Other symptoms such as mental retardation may also occur. The genetic anomaly manifests as a deficiency of a protein called LAMP-2 (Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2) which affects lysosomes.
• Lyssophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of becoming insane.
• Lysteria monocytoigeneses meningitis: A very rare form of meningitis (bacterial infection of the brain membrane or meninges) caused by Listeria monocytogenes. The condition is more common in the elderly and those with poor immune system and death is common.
• MASA Syndrome: A very rare inherited disorders characterized by mental retardation (M), aphasia (A), shuffling walk (S) and adducted thumbs (A). The symptoms are variable from case to case but mental retardation is a consistent feature.
• MELAS: A mitochondrial disorder characterized by stroke-like episodes, headaches, vomiting and other neurological symptoms.
• MN1: A rare genetic defect that can cause meningiomas to develop. A meningioma is a tumor of the meninges which is a membrane that encloses the brain and spinal cord The genetic defect occurs on chromosome 22. The tumor is usually slow-growing and benign.
• MOMO syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a large size and weight at birth, a large head and eye abnormalities.
• MORM syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation, truncal obesity, small penis and an eye disorder.
• MPS 3 C: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) due to deficiency of an enzyme called acetyl-CoA:alpha-glucosamide N-acetyltransferase. Mucopolysaccharide levels build up and are then deposited in various tissues.
• MPS 3 D: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) due to deficiency of an enzyme called N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase. Mucopolysaccharide levels build up and are then deposited in various tissues.
• MRXS-Christianson: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, mutism, facial anomalies, epilepsy and weak eye muscles. Males tended to have severe mental retardation whereas female carriers had mild or no mental retardation. Patients do eventually walk but then often lose this ability by the age of 10 years. Female carriers tend to have mild symptoms and males have severe symptoms - symptoms are variable to some degree.
• MRXS9: A type of mental retardation syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, short stature, small head and strabismus. The genetic defect that causes the syndrome is located on chromosome Xq12-q21.31. As the disorder originates from a defect on the X chromosome, only males suffer the full effect of the disorder whereas female carriers are asymptomatic or suffer learning disabilities.
• MacDermot-Winter syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head, underdeveloped genitalia and a protrusion of the area between the eyes (glabella).
• Machado-Joseph Disease: Rare genetic muscle disease causing muscle weakness.
• Macrocephaly - mental retardation - facial dysmorphism: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by a large head, mental retardation and an unusual facial appearance.
• Macrocephaly - short stature - paraplegia: A rare syndrome characterized by a large head, short stature and spastic paraplegia.
• Macrocephaly mesodermal hamartoma spectrum: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by a large head and multiple lipomas and hemangiomas. The severity of the disorder is variable.
• Macrocephaly, facial abnormalities, disproportionate tall stature and mental retardation: A rare syndrome characterized by tall stature, mental retardation, large head and facial abnormalities.
• Macrocytic Hyperchromic Anemia: Macrocytic Hyperchromic anemia is a blood disorder characterized by abnormally large red blood cells which contain abnormally high amounts of haemoglobin. There is also a reduced number of red blood cells. This anomaly can be associated with such things as celiac disease or alcoholism.
• Macrocytic anemia: Macrocytic anemia is a blood disorder where the red blood cells are larger than normal but have low levels of haemoglobin which is needed to carry oxygen throughout the body. The condition usually results from a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate, digestive problems, malabsorption and certain medications which affect folic acid levels. Various rare inherited disorders may also result in macrocytic anemia e.g. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Severity and range of symptom may vary depending on the underlying condition.
• Macrocytosis: Blood condition where average red blood cell size is increased
• Macrogyria, pseudobulbar palsy and mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal brain development which results in mild mental retardation, epilepsy, developmental delay and pseudobulbar palsy which affects speech, chewing and swallowing functions.
• Macules hereditary congenital hypopigmented hyperpigmented: A rare inherited genetic disorder involving small flat areas increased and decreased skin pigmentation.
• Macules, hereditary, congenital hypopigmented and hyperpigmented: A rare inherited genetic disorder involving small flat areas increased and decreased skin pigmentation.
• Magnesium wasting renal: A rare genetic syndrome characterized mainly by excessive loss of magnesium in the urine due to kidney problems.
• Major depressive disorder related fibromyalgia: Major depressive disorder related fibromyalgia refers to fibromyalgia that is associated with major depression. Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterized mainly by pain mainly in the muscles which involves no associated damage to the tissues.
• Mal de debarquement: Imbalance that occurs after being exposed to motion such as on a boat. It differs to normal motion sickness in that symptoms can last months or even years and may be quite debilitating.
• Malaria: A parasitic disease transmitted through mosquito bites.
• Malformations in neuronal migration: A rare disorder where the brain fails to develop normally - usually the cerebral cortex is involved. Various parts of the brain can be affected to various degrees depending on what stage of development the defect occurs. Mental retardation is one of the most common symptoms associated with brain malformations.
• Malignant astrocytoma: A very malignant primary brain tumor consisting of astrocytes. The tumor spreads throughout the brain and a third of patients dying in the first year.
• Malignant hypertension: Malignant hypertension is a condition characterized by very high blood pressure and swelling of the optic nerve. This type of hypertension is more common in people with kidney problems such as narrowed kidney blood vessels. The condition is a medical emergency which can cause organ damage if not treated promptly.
• Malingering: A wilful feigning of the symptoms of illness or injury to attain a consciously desired end.
• Malpuech facial clefting syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by mental and physical retardation, wide set eyes, genital abnormalities and a characteristic facial cleft.
• Manganese poisoning: A type of heavy metal poisoning caused by excessive exposure to manganese.
• Manganese toxicity: Excessive exposure to manganese (usually in mines or certain industrial plants) can cause toxicity.
• Mania: Inappropriately euphoric mood usually with hyperactivity and other symptoms.
• Mannosidosis, alpha B lysosomal: A rare inherited metabolic disorder involving a deficiency of an enzyme (alpha-mannosidosase) which results in the accumulation of certain chemicals in the body which leads to progressive damage.
• Maple syrup urine disease: An inherited metabolic disorder involving amino acid metabolism and characterized by a sweet smelling urine, similar to maple syrup.
• Maple syrup urine disease, type 1A: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder involving abnormal metabolism of branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine) and resulting in severe illness which generally leads to death if not treated. Even mild form can result in mental and physical retardation if untreated. Various types of maple syrup urine disease involve different genetic defects - type 1A specifically involves a defect in the E1-alpha subunit gene.
• Maple syrup urine disease, type 1B: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder involving abnormal metabolism of branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine) and resulting in severe illness which generally leads to death if not treated. Even mild form can result in mental and physical retardation if untreated. Various types of maple syrup urine disease involve different genetic defects - type 1B specifically involves a defect in the E1-beta subunit gene.
• Maple syrup urine disease, type II: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder involving abnormal metabolism of branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine) and resulting in severe illness which generally leads to death if not treated. Even mild form can result in mental and physical retardation if untreated. Various types of maple syrup urine disease involve different genetic defects - type 2 specifically involves a defect in the E2 subunit gene.
• Maple syrup urine disease, type III: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder involving abnormal metabolism of branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine) and resulting in severe illness which generally leads to death if not treated. Even mild form can result in mental and physical retardation if untreated. Various types of maple syrup urine disease involve different genetic defects - type 3 specifically involves a defect in the E3 subunit gene.
• Marburg virus: Serious virus related to Ebola.
• Marchiafava-Bignami disease: A progressive syndrome associated with alcohol abuse and/or nutritional disorder. It is characterized by fits, stupor, dementia and coma.
• Marden-Walker Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by blepharophimosis, joint contractures and fixed facial expression.
• Marfanoid - mental retardation syndrome autosomal: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by psychomotor retardation, a flat face and some symptoms of Marfan syndrome (long arms and legs, tall stature, reduced skin fat and poor muscle tone).
• Maria Luisa-induced lead poisoning: Maria Luisa is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Marijuana Smoking: Smoking the leaves of a plant drug called cannabis.
• Marijuana abuse: Illicit depressant/hallucinogenic drug
• Marijuana addiction: Marijuana addiction is the uncontrollable desire to use marijuana on a regular basis. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Marijuana amotivational syndrome: Symptoms resulting from chronic marijuana use. Some experts won't recognize the symptoms as a distinctive condition.
• Marijuana overdose: Marijuana is a relatively common recreational drug sometimes used to manage pain or stress disorders. Very large amounts have to be smoked or eaten in order to result in overdose symptoms and death is extremely unlikely. The symptoms of excessive doses are more unpleasant than dangerous.
• Marijuana withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when marijuana use is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome: A group of recessively inherited disorder characterized mainly by incoordination due to a brain anomaly.
• Marinesco-Sjogren-like syndrome (MSLS): A very rare disorder characterized by cataracts (during childhood), mental retardation, muscle weakness and brain degeneration. The disorder is very similar to another syndrome called Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome.
• Marinesco-Sjögren I: A rare condition characterized by cerebellar ataxia, speaking difficulty, mental retardation, short stature and tooth, hair and nail abnormalities.
• Maroteaux-Fonfria syndrome: A rare congenital disorder characterized by extra little fingers and extra big toes as well as the normal features associated with Apert syndrome.
• Marsh marigold poisoning: Marsh marigold is a low growing plant with rounded leaves and small yellow flowers. The plant can be found growing in the wild or in gardens. The leaves from the plant contain a chemical called protoanemonin which can cause symptoms if large quantities are eaten. The young leaves are actually edible if they are boiled with frequent changes of water.
• Marshall-Smith Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by accelerated growth and maturation, shallow orbits and broad middle bones of fingers.
• Massa-Casaer-Ceulemans syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal brain development (lissencephaly - smooth brain) and multiple joint contractures at birth.
• Mastocytosis - short stature - hearing loss: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, abnormal skin pigmentation, small ears and hearing impairment.
• Mastocytosis, cutaneous, with short stature, conductive hearing loss and microtia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, abnormal skin pigmentation, small ears and hearing impairment.
• Masturbation: Self stimulation of the genitals
• Maternal hyperphenylalaninemia: A rare disorder where a mother suffering from phenylketonuria during pregnancy can result in various birth abnormalities.
• Maternally Inherited Leigh Syndrome: A rare condition where Leigh syndrome is inherited from the mother. Leigh syndrome is characterized by degeneration of the brain and impaired function of various organs.
• Matsoukas syndrome: An extremely rare condition characterized by mental retardation, eye problems, facial anomalies and joint problems.
• Matsoukas-Liarikos-Giannika syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, short stature and eye and joint abnormalities.
• Mc Leod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by neuromuscular, blood and central nervous system symptoms. The disease is slowly progressive.
• McDonough syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and multiple birth abnormalities such as heart defects, undescended testes, curved spine and distinctive facial appearance.
• McDowall syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and excessive skin folds and furrows on the scalp.
• McLain-Dekaban syndrome: A rare familial disorder characterized by the association of mental retardation, coloboma and an abnormal body build.
• Measles Encephalitis in Children with Immunosuppression: A rare complication of the measles virus. Some patients with a history of measles before the age of two develop progressive brain inflammation. The condition is rare and tends to only occur only in immunosuppressed children e.g. those who have acute lymphocytic leukemia. Symptoms may develop suddenly and tends to occur from weeks to months after the measles has resolved.
• Mechanophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or dislike of machinery.
• Medication related hypothyroidism: Drug-induced hypothyroidism is an underactive thyroid gland due to a reaction from medication.
• Mediterranean myoclonic epilepsy: A rare inherited type of progressive myoclonus epilepsy which tends to cause symptoms during childhood. The involuntary muscle movements tend to occur more frequently and become more severe with increasing age. Symptoms may occur following various stimuli such as light, stress or exercise.
• Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency: A rare disorder where the body lacks enzymes needed to convert some fats (medium-chain fatty acids) into energy and hence these fats build up in the body and cause damage.
• Medrano-Roldan syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, reduced muscle tone and increased skin pigmentation.
• Medulloblastoma: A type of brain tumor.
• Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a progressive brain destruction that causes mental retardation and incoordination that starts early in life.
• Megalencephaly: Abnormally large brain.
• Megalencephaly - polymicrogyria - post-axial polydactyly - hydrocephalus: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by brain abnormalities, extra digits and a excess fluid inside the skull.
• Megaloblastic Anemia 1: A rare genetic blood disorder where a defect in the vitamin B12 receptor means that it can't be absorbed from food during digestion. As a result of the low vitamin B12 levels, the body produces increased numbers of abnormal enlarged red blood cells (megaloblasts).
• Megaloblastic anemia: A rare blood disorder where insufficient vitamin B12 absorption results in reduced production of red blood cells and increased levels of abnormal, enlarged red blood cells (megaloblasts). Vitamin B12 insufficiency can result from absorption problems or lack of dietary intake of the vitamin or folic acid.
• Megalocornea mental retardation syndrome: A very rare genetic disorder characterized by reduced muscle tone from birth, mental retardation to varying degrees and eye abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms is variable
• Megalocytic-Normochromic anemia: Megalocytic-Normochromic is a blood disorder characterized by normal amounts of haemoglobin within abnormally large red blood cells. However, the number of red blood cells is low.
• Megarbane syndrome: A very rare disorder characterized by short stature, loose joints, hernias, facial abnormalities and severe psychomotor retardation.
• Meinecke syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and short broad thumbs.
• Melanoma - astrocytoma syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by the association of a melanoma with a type of brain tumor called an astrocytoma. The exact symptoms may vary depending on the exact location of the brain tumor.
• Meleda Disease: A very rare inherited skin disorder primarily involving dry thick skin patches that develop on the palms of hands and soles of feet. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Melioidosis: Bacterial infection from soil or water.
• Meninges cancer: A disorder where a cancerous malignancy is found in the meninges of the brain
• Meningioma: A slow-growing tumor of the meninges that is not cancerous. Symptoms are determined by the size and location of the tumor.
• Meningitis: Infection of the membrane around the brain (as a symptom)
• Meningococcal A: Meningococcal meningitis is an infection that causes inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Meningococcal meningitis A is caused by meningococcus A which is mostly common in hyperendemic areas in Africa known as the meningitis belt.
• Meningococcal B: Meningococcal meningitis B is an infection that causes inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.
• Meningococcal C: Meningitis C is a strain of meningococcal meningitis, a bacterial infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
• Meningococcal disease: Dangerous bacterial infection causing meningitis or bacteremia.
• Meningoencephalocele: A very rare developmental disorder where a part of the membrane that covers the brain and or part of the brain itself protrudes through an abnormal opening in the skull. The condition may be asymptomatic or if the defect is large, severe neurological abnormalities may result.
• Menkes Disease: Genetic disease of copper deficiency.
• Menopause: End of female reproductive years
• Mental Retardation - Pterygia - Shortness - Distinctive Facial Appearance: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, underdeveloped genitals and various skull and facial anomalies.
• Mental Retardation, X-Linked: A group of inherited disorder characterized by mental retardation. The disorders are inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms. The mental retardation may occur on its own (nonsyndromic) or be associated with other abnormalities (syndromic). The severity of the mental retardation may vary between and even within disorders.
• Mental changes: Any change to ones personality due to mental illness
• Mental dullness: A condition which is characterized by feelings of sadness, disrepair and discouragement
• Mental problems: Symptoms affecting judgement, thought or intelligence.
• Mental retardation: Reduced mental ability or intelligence.
• Mental retardation - anophthalmia - craniosynostosis: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, absent eyes and premature fusion of skull bones.
• Mental retardation - arachnodactyly - hypotonia - telangiectasia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, short fingers, reduced muscle tone and spider veins (telangiectasia).
• Mental retardation - blepharophimosis - obesity - web neck: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, eye abnormalities, obesity and a webbed neck.
• Mental retardation - coloboma - slimness: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, retinal coloboma and a slim build.
• Mental retardation - contractural arachnodactyly: A rare disorder characterized mainly by the association of mental retardation with long thin fingers which were permanently flexed.
• Mental retardation - epilepsy: A very rare syndrome characterized by the association of mental retardation with epilepsy.
• Mental retardation - epilepsy - bulbous nose: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, epilepsy and a bulbous nose. The condition has been reported in only two families.
• Mental retardation - epilepsy, X-linked: A rare inherited disorder characterized by the association of mental retardation with epilepsy. The disorders are inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation - epileptic seizures - hypogonadism - hypogenitalism -microcephaly - obesity: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental deficiency, epilepsy, small head, small genitals and obesity. Death occurs within the first two years of life.
• Mental retardation - gynecomastia - obesity, X-linked: A very rare X-linked syndrome characterized mainly by the associated of mental retardation, enlarged male breasts and obesity.
• Mental retardation - hip luxation - G6PD variant: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, partially dislocated hips and an enzyme defect (G6PD).
• Mental retardation - hypocupremia - hypobetalipoproteinemia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, low blood copper levels and low betalipoprotein levels in the blood.
• Mental retardation - hypotonia - skin hyperpigmentation: A rare condition characterized mainly by mental retardation, reduced muscle tone and increased skin pigmentation.
• Mental retardation - hypotonic facies syndrome, X-linked, 1: A group of rare syndromes characterized by severe mental retardation, unusual facial appearance and other variable abnormalities.
• Mental retardation - macrocephaly - coarse facies - hypotonia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, large head, coarse face and reduced muscle tone.
• Mental retardation - microcephaly - phalangeal - facial abnormalities: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, small head, facial and bone abnormalities in the fingers and toes.
• Mental retardation - multiple nevi: A rare disorder characterized mainly by the association of mental retardation with multiple nevi (permanent skin mark) on the skin.
• Mental retardation - myopathy - short stature - endocrine defect: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, muscle disease, short stature and endocrine defects.
• Mental retardation - nasal hypoplasia - obesity - genital hypoplasia: A rare disorder characterized mainly by the association of mental retardation with obesity and underdeveloped genitals and nose.
• Mental retardation - osteosclerosis: A rare disorder characterized mainly by the association of mental retardation with an abnormal hardening of the bone.
• Mental retardation - short stature - absent phalanges: A very rare, recessively inherited syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, short stature and missing finger bones.
• Mental retardation - short stature - cleft palate - unusual facies: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, mental retardation, cleft palate and facial anomalies.
• Mental retardation - short stature - deafness - genital: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, short stature, deafness and genital abnormalities.
• Mental retardation - short stature - hand contractures - genital anomalies: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, short stature, hand contractures and genital abnormalities.
• Mental retardation - short stature - heart and skeletal anomalies: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, short stature and heart and skeletal anomalies.
• Mental retardation - short stature - microcephaly - eye anomalies: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, short stature, small head and eye abnormalities. It has only been reported in one family.
• Mental retardation - short stature - scoliosis: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, short stature and scoliosis.
• Mental retardation - short stature - unusual facies: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, short stature and an unusual facial appearance.
• Mental retardation - short stature, Bombay phenotype: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, short stature and a blood abnormality.
• Mental retardation - skeletal dysplasia - abducens palsy: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, skeletal abnormalities and weakness of an eye muscle.
• Mental retardation - spasticity - ectrodactyly: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, spasticity and a cleft hand. In the reported case, the parents came from the same bloodline.
• Mental retardation X-linked - psychosis - macroorchidism: A rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation, psychosis and abnormally lartge testes. The syndrome is inherited in a X-linked manner.
• Mental retardation X-linked dysmorphism: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, partially dislocated knees and teeth and facial abnormalities.
• Mental retardation X-linked short stature obesity: A rare condition in herited in a X-linked manner and characterized by short stature, obesity and mental retardation. Various other anomalies may also be present.
• Mental retardation X-linked syndromic 7: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, obesity, hypogonadism and tapered fingers.
• Mental retardation X-linked, South African type: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, mutism, facial anomalies, epilepsy and weak eye muscles. Males tended to have severe mental retardation whereas female carriers had mild or no mental retardation.
• Mental retardation athetosis microphthalmia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by the association of mental retardation, small eyes and a movement disorder.
• Mental retardation cataracts calcified pinnae myopathy: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, cataracts, muscle disease and calcified ear cartilage. The muscle wasting starts in the lower legs and eventually involves the small hand muscles.
• Mental retardation microcephaly unusual facies: A rare condition characterized by mental retardation, a small head and an unusual facial appearance.
• Mental retardation progressive spasticity: A condition characterized by mental retardation and progressive spasticity.
• Mental retardation progressive spasticity, X-linked: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and progressive spasticity and seizures. The disorder is X-linked and hence only affects males.
• Mental retardation psychosis macroorchidism: A very rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation, psychosis and enlarged testes.
• Mental retardation sparse hair brachydactyly: A very rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation, sparse hair and short digits.
• Mental retardation syndrome, Belgian type: A rare form of mental retardation reported in a Belgian family.
• Mental retardation unusual facies ampola type: A rare genetic disease characterized primarily by mental retardation, facial anomalies, short stature, seizures and finger and toe abnormalities.
• Mental retardation, Behavior disturbance, Sensorineural hearing loss: A very rare condition reported in three members of one family. The condition is characterized by mental retardation, behavioral problems and deafness.
• Mental retardation, Buenos Aires type: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, physical retardation, unusual facial appearance and heart and kidney defects.
• Mental retardation, Microcephaly, Epilepsy and Ataxia Syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, mutism, facial anomalies, epilepsy and weak eye muscles. Males tended to have severe mental retardation whereas female carriers had mild or no mental retardation. Patients do eventually walk but then often lose this ability by the age of 10 years. Female carriers tend to have mild symptoms and males have severe symptoms - symptoms are variable to some degree.
• Mental retardation, Mietens-Weber type: A very rare genetic condition characterized by mental retardation, corneal opacity, nystagmus, elbow contractures and dwarfism.
• Mental retardation, Smith-Fineman-Myers type: A rare inherited disorder characterized mainly by mental retardation and low facial muscle tone.
• Mental retardation, X linked - precocious puberty - obesity: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, premature puberty and obesity. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked - acromegaly - hyperactivity: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, hyperactivity and enlarged hands, feet and testes.
• Mental retardation, X-linked - borderline MAOA metabolism anomaly: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and lower than normal levels of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) activity. Low levels of MAOA have been implicated with increased behavioral problems such as violence and impulsiveness.
• Mental retardation, X-linked - choreoathesis - abnormal behavior: A rare X-linked disorder characterized by mental retardation, abnormal behavior and a movement disorder. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked - corpus callosum agenesis - spastic quadriparesis: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, abnormal development of a part of the brain called the corpus callosum and spastic quadriparesis. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked - craniofacial dysmorphology - epilepsy - ophthalmoplegia - cerebellar atrophy: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, mutism, facial anomalies, epilepsy and weak eye muscles. Males tended to have severe mental retardation whereas female carriers had mild or no mental retardation. Patients do eventually walk but then often lose this ability by the age of 10 years. Female carriers tend to have mild symptoms and males have severe symptoms - symptoms are variable to some degree.
• Mental retardation, X-linked - cubitus valgus - typical face: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, unusual facial appearance and a turned out elbow (cubitus valgus). The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked - dystonia - dysarthria: A very rare X-linked disorder characterized by the association of mental retardation with dystonia (movement disorder) and dysarthria (speech disorder).
• Mental retardation, X-linked - epilepsy - progressive joint contractures - typical face: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, epilepsy, unusual facial appearance and slowly-progressive joint contractures. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked - gynecomastia - obesity: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, enlarged male breasts, speech problems and other anomalies. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked - hypogonadism - ichthyosis - obesity - short stature: A rare X-linked disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, short stature, hypogonadism and a skin disorder. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked - hypotonia - facial dysmorphism - aggressive behavior: A rare X-linked disorder characterized by mental retardation, reduced muscle tone, aggressive behavior and unusual facial appearance. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked - hypotonic face: A group of syndromes characterized mainly by mental retardation and reduced tone in the facial muscles. Various other abnormalities may be present.
• Mental retardation, X-linked - macrocephaly - macro-orchidism: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, enlarged testes and a large head. Not all patients will exhibit all of these symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked - seizures - psoriasis: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, seizures and a skin disorder.
• Mental retardation, X-linked recessive - macrocephaly - ciliary dysfunction: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, large head and dysfunctional cilia. The cilia are tiny hairs that line the breathing airways and act to remove unwanted substances from building up and causing infection. The disorder is X-linked and hence only males exhibit the symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked syndromic 12: A syndromic form of mental retardation which also involves mutism, retarded growth, seizures and frequent infections. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms. The genetic defect is located on chromosome Xp11.
• Mental retardation, X-linked syndromic 14: A syndromic form of mental retardation which also involves variable features including poorly muscled build and facial anomalies. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms. The genetic defect is located on chromosome Xq25-q26.
• Mental retardation, X-linked with brachydactyly and macroglossia: A syndromic form of mental retardation which also involves short digits and an enlarged tongue. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 1: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect on chromosome Xp11.3-q21.1. Female carriers may suffer some mental deficiency.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 12: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect on chromosome Xp11.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 14: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect on chromosome Xp11.3-q13.3.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 16: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect in the MECP2 gene on chromosome Xq28. Females tended to be affected as well as males although to a lesser degree.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 17: A rare form of non-syndromic mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result the duplication of a small portion of genetic material on chromosome Xp11.22. Females tended to be affected as well as males although to a lesser degree.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 2: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect on chromosome Xp22.3. Mental retardation was mild to moderate.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 20: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect on chromosome Xq11-q21.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 21: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect in the IL1RAPL1 gene on chromosome Xp22.1-p21.3. Female carriers may also suffer from some mental deficiency.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 23: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect on chromosome Xq23-q24.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 29: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect on chromosome Xp22.3-p21.3.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 3: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect in the RABGDIA gene on chromosome Xq28. Female carriers may be asymptomatic or suffer varying degrees of mental retardation.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 30: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect in the p21-activated kinase-3 gene on chromosome Xq21.3-q24. Female carriers were generally asymptomatic.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 36: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect in the ARX gene on chromosome Xp22.1-p21.1. Female carriers may present with varying degrees of mental retardation as well.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 42: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect on chromosome Xq26. The mental retardation ranged from mild to moderate in males whereas female carriers were asymptomatic.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 43: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect in the ARX gene on chromosome Xp22.31-p21.2. Female carriers may present with varying degrees of mental retardation as well.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 45: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect in the zinc finger protein-81 gene on chromosome Xp22.1-p11.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 46: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect in the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor-6 gene on chromosome Xq26. Female carriers tend to be normal.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 49: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect on chromosome Xp22.3.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 50: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect on chromosome Xp11.3-p11.21.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 52: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect on chromosome Xp11.21-q22.33. Mental retardation tends to be profound in childhood and doesn't progress.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 53: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect on chromosome Xq22.2-q26.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 54: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect in the ARX gene on chromosome Xp22.1-p21.3. Female carriers may present with varying degrees of mental retardation as well.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 59: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect in the sigma-2 subunit of the adaptor protein-1 gene on chromosome Xp22. Mental retardation ranged from mild to severe.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 63: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect in the FACL4 gene on chromosome Xq22.3. Female carriers may be asymptomatic or suffer varying degrees of mental retardation.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 72: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect on chromosome Xq28.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 73: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect on chromosome Xp22.2.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 77: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect on chromosome Xq12-q21.3. Mental retardation tends to be moderate to severe.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 78: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect on chromosome Xp11.4-p11.23. The mental retardation tended to be from moderate to severe in males and mild to severe in female carriers.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 81: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect on chromosome Xp11.2-q12.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 82: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect on chromosome Xq24-q25.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 84: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect on chromosome Xp11.3-q22.3.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 9: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect in the FTSJ1 gene on chromosome Xp11.23.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 91: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect in the ZDHHC15 gene on chromosome Xq13.3.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 93: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect in the BRWD3 gene. Female carriers may also suffer from some mental deficiency.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 94: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect in the GRIA3 gene on chromosome Xq25-q26.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Armfield type: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, seizures, short stature, small hands and small feet. The disorder is X-linked and hence only males exhibit the symptoms. The genetic defect occurs on chromosome Xq28.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Brooks type: A rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation, unusual facial appearance and retarded growth.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Brunner type: A very rare disorder where a deficiency of monoamine oxidase A causesmild mental retardation and behavioral problems.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Cabezas type: A rare X-linked disorder characterized by mental retardation, muscle wasting, short stature and other problems. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Cantagrel type: A rare X-linked disorder characterized by mental retardation, reduced infant muscle tone, developmental delay and other problems. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Martinez type: A type of X-linked mental retardation discovered by Martinez.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Pai type: A rare X-linked disorder characterized by mental retardation and a slightly unusual facial appearance. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Raynaud type: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, growth hormone deficiency, short stature, small head and a peculiar face. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Reish type: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, brain anomalies, skeletal malformations, intestinal problems, eye and ear anomalies, cleft palate and kidney abnormalities. Some infants with the disorder die soon after birth due to breathing problems. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Seemanova type: A rare X-linked disorder characterized by mental retardation, retarded growth and small genitals. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Shrimpton type: A rare X-linked disorder characterized by mental retardation, small head, strabismus and short stature. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Siderius type: A rare inherited form of mental retardation involving a defect on chromosome Xp11.2.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Stevenson type: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, reduced muscle tone and other anomalies. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Stoll type: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, short stature and unusual facial appearance. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Turner type: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation which is severe in males and moderate in females. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Vitale type: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation and facial and skeletal anomalies. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms. The genetic defect occurs on chromosome Xq24.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Wittner type: A type of X-linked mental retardation discovered by Wittner.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Zorick type: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation and muscle disease. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, nonspecific: Mental retardation that is not associated with any other physical, mental or neurological abnormality. In X-linked disorders, generally males are more severely affected and the female carriers are often asymptomatic or have only mild symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic 11: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It is also associated with an unusual facial appearance and results from a defect on chromosome Xq26-q27. Female carriers tended to have some degree of facial dysmorphism but no mental retardation.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic type 11: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It is also associated with an unusual facial appearance and results from a defect on chromosome Xq26-q27. Female carriers tended to have some degree of facial dysmorphism but no mental retardation.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic, due to JARID1C mutation: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, spasticity and other variable features. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms. The disorder is caused by a defect on the JARID1C gene on chromosome Xp11.22-p11.21.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, with cerebellar hypoplasia and distinctive facial appearance: A very rare syndrome characterized by moderate to severe mental retardation, unusual facial appearance and an underdeveloped brain.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, with isolated growth hormone deficiency: A rare disorder characterized by severe mental retardation and growth hormone deficiency. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, autosomal recessive, 1: A rare form of recessively inherited mental retardation caused by a defect on chromosome 4q25-q26.
• Mental retardation, autosomal recessive, 10: A rare form of recessively inherited mental retardation caused by a defect on chromosome 16p12-q12. The mental retardation tends to be moderate.
• Mental retardation, autosomal recessive, 11: A rare form of recessively inherited mental retardation caused by a defect on chromosome 19q13.2-q13.3.
• Mental retardation, autosomal recessive, 2: A rare form of recessively inherited mental retardation caused by a defect on chromosome 3p26.2.
• Mental retardation, autosomal recessive, 3: A rare form of recessively inherited mental retardation caused by a defect on chromosome 19p13.12.
• Mental retardation, autosomal recessive, 4: A rare form of recessively inherited mental retardation caused by a defect on chromosome 1p21.1-p13.3.
• Mental retardation, autosomal recessive, 5: A rare form of recessively inherited mental retardation caused by a defect on chromosome 5p15-p14. The mental retardation tends to be moderate to severe.
• Mental retardation, autosomal recessive, 6: A rare form of recessively inherited mental retardation caused by a defect on chromosome 6q16-q21.
• Mental retardation, autosomal recessive, 7: A rare form of recessively inherited mental retardation caused by a defect on chromosome 8p12. The mental retardation tends to be moderate.
• Mental retardation, autosomal recessive, 8: A rare form of recessively inherited mental retardation caused by a defect on chromosome 10q22. The mental retardation tends to be mild to moderate.
• Mental retardation, autosomal recessive, 9: A rare form of recessively inherited mental retardation caused by a defect on chromosome 14q11.2-q12. The mental retardation tends to be mild.
• Mental retardation, epileptic seizures, hypogonadism and hypogenitalism, microcephaly, and obesity: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental deficiency, epilepsy, small head, small genitals and obesity. Death occurs within the first two years of life.
• Mental retardation, keratoconus, febrile seizures, and sinoatrial block: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, seizures with fever, an eye disorder and a heart anomaly. The heart condition requires a pacemaker in some cases.
• Mental retardation, macrocephaly, short stature and craniofacial dysmorphism: A very rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation, short stature, a large head and facial abnormalities.
• Mental retardation, non-syndromic, autosomal recessive: A group of recessively inherited forms of mental retardation. The various forms are differentiated by the origin of the genetic defect.
• Mental retardation, unexplained: Mental retardation that has no obvious cause.
• Mental retardation-polydactyly-uncombable hair: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, extra fingers and uncombable hair.
• Mercury - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Mercury during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Mercury poisoning: A type of heavy metal poisoning caused by excessive exposure to mercury.
• Mercury poisoning - Folk Remedies: Various folk remedies and medicines contain inorganic mercury and mercury salts. They can lead to mercury poisoning and severe cases can result in death. Children tend to be more sensitive to the effects of mercury poisoning than adults. Even low levels of exposure can cause neurological symptoms in infants and young children. Fetal exposure to mercury can also result in symptoms.
• Mercury poisoning - consumption of contaminated fish: Eating fish contaminated with mercury can lead to mercury poisoning in humans. The severity and range of symptoms experienced can vary greatly depending on the level and duration of exposure. Severe poisoning can lead to death. Pregnant women who eat mercury contaminated fish may give birth to infants who suffer symptoms such as ataxia, tremors, seizures, mental retardation and cerebral palsy. An epidemic was reported where hundreds of Japanese villagers suffered mercury poisoning after eating fish contaminated by a nearby factory. Nearly half of the victims eventually died and children born during that period suffered a variety of neurological problems.
• Merinthophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of being bound.
• Mescal poisoning: The Mescal is a small rounded cactus which has no spines but has tufts of hairs and a flower in the centre. The plant is grown for use as a narcotic in some parts of the world due to its hallucinogenic effect. All above-ground parts of the plant contain toxic chemicals (mescaline, lophophorine) which can cause symptom if eaten. The plant itself is considered to have a low level of toxicity but the chemical mescaline derived from it can cause strong symptoms if ingested in excessive quantities. The psychic effects following plant ingestion can last from 6 to 12 hours.
• Mesomelia radial hypoplasia bifid thumb unusual facies: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by skeletal abnormalities, dwarfism and hair, nail, skin and teeth abnormalities.
• Metabolic acidosis: metabolic acidosis is a process which if unchecked leads to acidemia (i.e. blood pH is low (less than 7.35) due to increased production of H+ by the body or the inability of the body to form bicarbonate (HCO3-) in the kidney
• Metabolic disorder: occurs when abnormal chemical reactions occur in the body
• Metachromatic Leukodystrophy: An inherited biochemical deficiency involving a deficiency of the enzyme called arylsulfatase A which leads to a harmful buildup of fatty material in the body.
• Metallophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of metals.
• Metaphyseal dysostosis mental retardation conductive deafness: A rare, recessively inherited disorder characterized by mental retardation, deafness and skeletal abnormalities.
• Metastatic insulinoma: A rare form of pancreatic cancer that causes excessive secretion of the hormone insulin and can spread to other parts of the body (metastasis).
• Metastatic nervous system cancer: CNS metastases are traditionally viewed as a late complication of systemic disease, for which few effective treatment options exist.
• Meteorophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of meteors or meteorites.
• Methadone overdose: Methadone is a prescription drug mainly used as a painkiller and to treat heroin addiction. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Methamphetamine overdose: Methamphetamine is a prescription drug mainly used to treat ADHD . Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Methamphetamine withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when methamphetamine use is discontinued or reduced. Methamphetamines are often called speed, meth, crystal or crank. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Methionine malabsorption syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized by impaired absorption of methionine and other amino acids. The methioning that is not absorbed is converted by an intestinal bacteria into an acid which gives the urine a distinctive odor. The urine smells like that of a building used to dry hops.
• Methylcobalamin deficiency, cbl E complementation type: An inherited organic acid disorder where an enzyme deficiency (cbl E) impairs the body's ability to break down cobalamin in the diet. This results in a buildup of homocystine which results in harmful affects.
• Methyldopa-induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia: Methyldopa-induced immune hemolytic anemia is a condition where use of a medication called Methyldopa triggers the body's immune system to destroy it's own red blood cells which results in anemia.
• Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency: A inborn error of metabolism where an inherited deficiency of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase causes symptoms of ranging severity - from asymptomatic to severe neurological degeneration and premature death.
• Methylmalonic acidemia - homocystinuria: A rare inborn error of metabolism which results in impaired vitamin B12 metabolism. There are a number of forms of this condition with variable severity.
• Methylmalonic acidemia, synthesis defect of AdoCbl and MeCbl: An inherited organic acid disorder where an enzyme deficiency impairs the body's ability to break down certain proteins (methionine, threonine, isoleucine and valine) consumed in the diet. This results in a buildup of glycine and methylmalonic acid which results in harmful affects. The disorder results from a combined synthesis defect of AdoCbl and MeCbl.
• Methylmalonic aciduria - homocystinuria: A rare group of disorders characterized by methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria resulting from abnormal metabolism of vitamin B12 by the liver. There are various subtypes of the condition with varying ages of onset and severity of symptoms.
• Methylmalonicacidemia with homocystinuria, cbl D: An inherited organic acid disorder where an enzyme deficiency (cblD) impairs the body's ability to break down certain proteins (methionine, threonine, isoleucine and valine) consumed in the diet. This results in a buildup of methylmalonic acid and homocystine which results in harmful affects.
• Methylmalonicaciduria with homocystinuria, cobalamin F: An inherited organic acid disorder where an enzyme deficiency (cbl F) impairs the body's ability to break down certain proteins (methionine, threonine, isoleucine and valine) consumed in the diet. This results in a buildup of methylmalonic acid and homocystine which results in harmful affects.
• Methylmalonicaciduria, vitamin B12 unresponsive, mut -: A metabolic disorder whose severity is somewhat variable with the degree of neurological involvement ranging from severe mental retardation to mild developmental delay. Some patients have no neurological involvement. The condition involves abnormal metabolism of vitamin B12 which doesn't respond to treatment using vitamin B12 administration. This disorder is less severe than the mut (0) form.
• Methylmercury - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Methyl Mercury during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Mexican tea poisoning: Mexican tea is plant that bears elongated clusters of small green flowers and small greenish fruit which contain seeds which are green when fresh and black when dry. The plant has a strong odor. The oil in the seeds contain chemicals (including terpene peroxide ascaride) which are very poisonous and cause death if sufficient quantities are eaten. The oil from the seeds is often used to control worm infestations in livestock.
• Michelin tyre baby syndrome: A rare birth malformation characterized by excessive folded skin and characteristic skin lesions (lipomatous nevus).
• Mickleson syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and facial and skull anomalies.
• Micrencephaly corpus callosum agenesis: A very rare disorder characterized by abnormal brain development which results in a very small brain. Patients may die during infancy and survivors suffer mental retardation and other physical abnormalities.
• Micro syndrome: A rare, recessively inherited disorder characterized by intellectual impairment, small head, various eye problems, small genitals and abnormal brain development.
• Microbrachycephaly - ptosis - cleft lip: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small, short head, droopy eyelids and a cleft lip.
• Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism types 1 and 3: Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism types 1 and 3 were originally regarded as separate conditions but it was recently concluded that they were different expressions of the same condition. The main differences between the two forms is a difference in the radiological bone anomalies. The condition is characterized mainly by bone abnormalities, short stature and a small head.
• Microcephalic primordial dwarfism, Toriello type: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by dwarfism, mental retardation and other anomalies.
• Microcephaly: A smaller than average brain
• Microcephaly - cervical spine fusion anomalies: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head and fused neck vertebrae.
• Microcephaly - deafness syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head and deafness.
• Microcephaly - facial clefting - preaxial polydactyly: A very rare condition characterized by the presence of an abnormally small head, facial clefts and extra digits.
• Microcephaly - glomerulonephritis - Marfanoid habitus: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head, kidney disorder and a and a tall, slight build.
• Microcephaly - hypergonadotropic hypogonadism - short stature: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head, short stature and hypogonadism.
• Microcephaly - mental retardation - retinopathy: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head, mental retardation and retinal disease.
• Microcephaly - mental retardation - spasticity - epilepsy: A very rare disorder characterized by an abnormally small head, mental retardation, spasticity and epilepsy.
• Microcephaly - mesobrachyphalangy - tracheoesophageal fistula syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by an abnormally small head, short fingers and an abnormal opening between the trachea and esophagus.
• Microcephaly - microphthalmia - ectrodactyly of lower limbs - prognathism: A rare syndrome characterized by small eyes, small head, missing toes and a protrucing jaw.
• Microcephaly - microphthalmos - blindness: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head, small eyes and blindness.
• Microcephaly - oculo-digito-esophageal-duodenal syndrome (MODED): A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head and gastrointestinal, eye, finger, and toe abnormalities.
• Microcephaly - pontocerebellar hypoplasia - dyskinesia: A rare, recessively inherited disorder characterized by an abnormally small brain and brainstem which manifests as a small head and mental retardation. The brain progressively degenerates.
• Microcephaly - seizures - mental retardation - heart disorders: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head, seizures, mental retardation and heart disorders.
• Microcephaly - sparse hair - mental retardation - seizures: A very rare disorder characterized by an abnormally small head, sparse hair, mental retardation and seizures.
• Microcephaly brachydactyly kyphoscoliosis: A very rare syndrome characterized by the association of profound mental retardation, a small head, short digits and a curved spine.
• Microcephaly brain defect spasticity hypernatremia: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head, brain defect, spasticity and high sodium level.
• Microcephaly immunodeficiency lymphoreticuloma: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head, reduced immunity and increased risk of cancer. There are a wide range of other abnormalities and symptoms that can occur.
• Microcephaly nonsyndromal: An abnormally small head that is not associated with any other genetic defect.
• Microcephaly with spastic quadriplegia: A very rare disorder characterized by an abnormally small head and quadriplegia.
• Microcephaly, hiatal hernia and nephrotic syndrome: A rare genetic disorder primarily involving physical and developmental abnormalities as well as kidney disease.
• Microcephaly, holoprosencephaly, and intrauterine growth retardation: A rare syndrome involving a small head, retarded fetal growth and holoprosencephaly (brain malformation where the two halves of the brain fail to separate).
• Microcephaly, primary autosomal recessive: A rare, recessively inherited condition characterized by a small head. The 6 forms of this condition differ with respect to the origin of the genetic defect involved. The size of the brain often reduces in size with age with many cases resulting in death before the age of 30 years.
• Microcephaly, primary autosomal recessive, 1: A rare, recessively inherited condition characterized by a small head. The genetic defect involved in type 1 occurs on chromosome 8p.
• Microcephaly, primary autosomal recessive, 2: A rare, recessively inherited condition characterized by a small head. The genetic defect involved in type 2 occurs on chromosome 19q13.1-13.2.
• Microcephaly, primary autosomal recessive, 3: A rare, recessively inherited condition characterized by a small head. The genetic defect involved in type 3 occurs on chromosome 9q34.
• Microcephaly, primary autosomal recessive, 4: A rare, recessively inherited condition characterized by a small head. The genetic defect involved in type 4 occurs on chromosome 15q15-q21.
• Microcephaly, primary autosomal recessive, 5: A rare, recessively inherited condition characterized by a small head. The genetic defect involved in type 5 occurs on chromosome 1q31.
• Microcephaly, primary autosomal recessive, 6: A rare, recessively inherited condition characterized by a small head. The genetic defect involved in type 6 occurs on chromosome 13q12.2.
• Microcytic Anemia: Microcytic anemia is a blood disorder characterized by small red blood cells (erythrocytes). The red blood cells are small due to a failure of haemoglobin synthesis or insufficient quantities of haemoglobin available. The blood disorder is usually caused by conditions such as iron deficiency, chronic diseases and thalassemias.
• Microcytic Hyperchromic Anemia: Microcytic Hyperchromic anemia is a blood disorder characterized by abnormally small red blood cells which contain abnormally high amounts of haemoglobin. There is also a reduced number of red blood cells. This anomaly can be associated with such things as chronic infections and severe malnutrition.
• Microcytic hypochromic anemia: Microcytic anemia is a blood disorder characterized by small red blood cells (erythrocytes) which have insufficient haemoglobin and hence have a reduced ability to carry oxygen through the body. The red blood cells are small due to a failure of haemoglobin synthesis or insufficient quantities of haemoglobin available. The blood disorder is usually caused by conditions such as iron deficiency, chronic diseases and thalassemias. The severity and range of symptoms is variable.
• Microcytic-Normochromic anemia: Microcytic-Normochromic anemia is a blood disorder characterized by normal amounts of haemoglobin within small red blood cells. However the number of red blood cells is low.
• Microdeletion 3q29: A rare chromosomal disorder where a small portion of chromosome 3 is missing. The main features of the syndrome are mental retardation and slightly unusual facial appearance.
• Microdontia - hypodontia - short stature: A rare disorder characterized by small teeth, missing teeth and short stature, strabismus and borderline mental deficiency.
• Microencephaly: Small brain. The condition is often characterized by a small head and neurological problems. The type and severity of symptoms are variable.
• Microgastria short stature diabetes: A rare syndrome characterized by a very small stomach, diabetes and a growth hormone deficiency.
• Micromelic dwarfism, Fryns type: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short-limbed dwarfism.
• Microphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of microorganisms.
• Microphthalmia - ankyloblepharon - mental retardation: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by small eyes, mental retardation and fusion of the edges of the eyelids.
• Microphthalmia - camptodactyly - mental retardation: A very rare disorder characterized by the association of small eyes, mental retardation and permanently flexed fingers.
• Microphthalmia - mental deficiency: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by small eyes and mental deficiency.
• Microphthalmia and mental deficiency: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by small eyes and mental deficiency.
• Microphthalmia syndromic, type 10: A rare inherited syndrome characterized mainly by small eyes and wasting of brain tissue.
• Microphthalmia syndromic, type 4: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by small or absent eyes, mental retardation and the partial fusion of the eyelid margins (ankyloblepharon).
• Microphthalmia syndromic, type 8: A rare syndrome characterized by small eyes, small head, missing toes and protruding jaw.
• Microphthalmia, Lentz type: A condition which is characterized by an abnormally small eye as well as other variable symptoms.
• Microphthalmia, syndromic 1: A condition which is characterized by an abnormally small eye as well as other variable symptoms.
• Microphthalmia, syndromic 7: A rare genetic disorder characterized by eye and skin abnormalities involving irregular red streaks of skin on the head and neck.
• Microphthalmos - short stature - multiple joint dislocation syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized by small eyes, short stature and multiple joint dislocations.
• Middle ear infection: An infection which occurs in the middle ear
• Midface hypoplasia, corneal clouding, subvalvular aortic stenosis and mental and somatic retardation: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by an underdeveloped midface, corneal clouding, mental and somatic retardation and narrowed aorta.
• Mietens syndrome: A rare condition characterized by short stature, short forearms, dislocated radius, strabismus and mental retardation.
• Migraine: Severe complex headaches that occur periodically
• Migrainous stupor migraine: Confusional migraine is characterized by a typical migraine aura, a headache (which may be insignificant), and confusion, which may precede or follow the headache. During the confused period, the patient is inattentive and distracted and has difficulty maintaining speech and other motor activities.
• Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Mild brain injury caused by trauma, accident or injury
• Mild chronic pain: Mild chronic pain is defined as pain that persists longer than the temporal course of natural healing, associated with a particular type of injury or disease process.
• Mild citrullinemia: Citrullinemia is an inherited urea cycle disorder which causes toxic substances including ammonia to build up in the blood. There are two main subtypes of Citrullinemia (I and II) which are caused by different genetic abnormalities and result in different symptoms. Milder forms may present in childhood and rare late-onset forms (type II) may not cause symptoms until adulthood.
• Miles-Carpenter X-linked mental retardation syndrome: A rare genetic syndrome characterized by mental retardation, contractures at birth and low fingertip arches.
• Milk poisoning: Milk poisoning is a condition where the body is too alkaline and the blood contains too much calcium. It can be caused by drinking large quantities of milk or using too many alkaline antacid remedies. High vitamin D intake can make the condition worse. The people most at risk of this condition tend to be older people (especially women) who are taking calcium supplements as well as calcium carbonate containing remedies to treat dyspepsia.
• Milk-Alkali syndrome: Milk-Alkali syndrome is a condition where the body is too alkaline and the blood contains too much calcium which results in impaired kidney function. It can be caused by drinking large quantities of milk or using too many alkaline antacid remedies. High vitamin D intake can make the condition worse. The people most at risk of this condition tend to be older people (especially women) who are taking calcium supplements as well as calcium carbonate containing remedies to treat dyspepsia.
• Misanthropy: An exaggerated or irrational hatred of mankind. Sufferers have a great distrust of human nature and tend to dislike or distrust other people.
• Misogynism: An exaggerated or irrational fear or dislike of females.
• Misogyny: An exaggerated or irrational fear or dislike of women.
• Misophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of dirt or being contaminated by dirt or germs.
• Misosophy: An exaggerated or irrational fear of wisdom.
• Mitochondrial Parkinson's disease: A form of Parkinson's disease that seems to be linked to mitochondrial defects - mitochondria are the energy-producing components of body cells. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Mitochondrial diseases: Any of a group of mitochondrial disorders affecting cell metabolism and especially muscles.
• Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy - aminoacidopathy: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by muscle and brain disease and an amino acid disorder.
• Mixed apnea: Mixed apnea is a combination of central and obstructive apnea and is seen particularly in infants or young children who have abnormal control of breathing.
• Mixed connective tissue disease: A rare disorder of the connective tissue which affects a range of body tissues and organs.
• Mobius syndrome: Type of facial paralysis.
• Moccasin snake poisoning: The Moccasin snake is a poisonous snake found mainly in America and Asia. Moccasin snakes include the copperhead, cottonmouth and the Siberian, Central Asian and Malayan pit vipers. They are considered less venomous than rattlesnakes The snake venom contains toxins which affect the blood and tissues rather than the nervous system. Children tend to suffer more severe symptoms due to their smaller body size. Rapid swelling of the skin around the site of the bite is a sign of a more severe poisoning.
• Moderate chronic pain: Moderate chronic pain is defined as pain that persists longer than the temporal course of natural healing, associated with a particular type of injury or disease process and is moderate in intensity.
• Mohr syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by oral frenula, oral clefts, underdeveloped nose flaps and finger abnormalities.
• Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by nerve degeneration. Deafness usually occurs early in life.
• Molysomophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of infection.
• Monkshood poisoning: Monkshood is a poisonous plant with distinctive flowers. The perennial plant is native to Europe but is also grown in parts of the US and is sometimes used as a medicinal herb.
• Monoamine oxidase A deficiency: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly low levels of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) activity. Low levels of MAOA have been implicated with increased behavioral problems such as violence and impulsiveness.
• Monopathophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of sickness.
• Monophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of being alone. Sufferers may also fear being away from a particular place or person who makes them feel safe. An underlying anxiety disorder is generally involved.
• Monosomy 12p13: A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p13) of chromosome 12 is deleted resulting in various physical, neurological and developmental abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms can vary amongst patients depending on the exact location and size of the genetic abnormality.
• Monosomy 13q32: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (q32) of chromosome 13 is deleted resulting in various physical, neurological and developmental abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms can vary amongst patients.
• Monosomy 1p36: A rare chromosomal disorder where deletion of a portion of chromosome 1 causes various abnormalities such as heart problems, mental retardation, developmental delay, facial dysmorphism and short stature. The range and severity of symptoms is variable with some cases being relatively mild.
• Monosomy 20p: A rare chromosomal disorder where the short arm (p) of chromosome 20 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Monosomy 8q12 21: A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 8q is missing. The main symptoms include eye, ear and kidney abnormalities as well as mental retardation.
• Monosomy 8q21 q22: A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 8q is missing resulting in various abnormalities.
• Montefiore syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by skull, facial, heart and digital abnormalities.
• Mood disorders: Disorders that affect a persons mood
• Morgellons Disease: A rare disorder involving a variety of skin symptoms such as unusual sensations, skin lesions and the presence of fiber-like particles in or on the skin. There is still dissension over whether this is an actual disorder or whether it is a psychotic disorder or a skin disorder. Further research is being planned.
• Morning Glory poisoning: The morning glory is a flowering vine with heart-shaped leaves that originates from tropical areas of America. The seeds contain chemicals (indole alkaloids, LSD) which can cause symptoms if eaten. The seeds are considered to have a low level of toxicity.
• Morphine toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Morquio syndrome, type B: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) in various body tissues due to insufficient amounts of the enzyme (? galactosidase) needed to break it down.
• Mountain andromeda poisoning: The Mountain Andromeda is an evergreen flowering shrub bearing elongated clusters of white flowers. The leaves and flower nectar contain a chemical called andromedotoxin which is highly toxic. Ingesting the leaves or nectar can result in death as the plant is considered highly toxic.
• Mountain sickness: Symptoms caused by rapid ascent to a higher altitude as a result of a reduction in available oxygen. May occur in mountain climbers or those traveling in unpressurized planes. Symptoms may include dizziness, nausea, weakness, fatigue, insomnia, headache, irritability, breathlessness and euphoria. The elderly or those suffering from pulmonary or cardiac disorders may suffer pulmonary edema, cardiac arrest or prostration. Also called acute altitude sickness.
• Mowat-Wilson syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, a small head, characteristic facial appearance and various other abnormalities.
• Moyamoya disease: Brain blood vessel disorder.
• Moynahan syndrome I: A rare disorder characterized mainly by multiple moles, underdeveloped genitals, short stature, mental deficiency and heart defect. The moles cover virtually the whole body.
• Mucolipidoses: A group of inherited metabolic disorders involving the accumulation of carbohydrates (glycosaminoglycans) and lipids within the tissues of the body due to a deficiencies or abnormal action of various lysosomal enzymes. This abnormal accumulation of carbohydrates and lipids within cells causes them to be damaged which often results in symptoms such as mental retardation and skeletal deformities. Symptoms may become apparent at birth or during childhood or adolescence. Premature death can occur in severe cases. There is a vast array of symptoms that can occur depending on the specific disorder involved.
• Mucolipidosis III: A rare metabolic disorder where deficiency of a particular enzyme leads to the buildup of mucopolysaccharides and mucolipids in the body which is harmful to the body and leads to premature death.
• Mucolipidosis type 4: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the harmful accumulation of certain chemicals (ganglioside and mucopolysaccharide) in body tissues due to the deficiency of an enzyme needed to process it.
• Mucopolysaccharidoses: A lysosomal storage disorder that is caused by a deficiency of the ability to metabolise glycosaminoglycans
• Mucopolysaccharidosis I: Disorder of mucopolysaccharide metabolism in infants.
• Mucopolysaccharidosis II: Disorder of mucopolysaccharide metabolism in juveniles.
• Mucopolysaccharidosis III: Disorder of mucopolysaccharide metabolism in children.
• Mucopolysaccharidosis IV: Disorder of mucopolysaccharide metabolism in infants.
• Mucopolysaccharidosis Type III: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans). This occurs due to there being not enough of the enzyme called N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase (B) which is needed to break down the mucopolysacharides. The mucopolysaccharides are then deposited in various tissues.
• Mucopolysaccharidosis type 2 Hunter syndrome- severe form: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) in various body tissues due to insufficient amounts of the enzyme (iduronidate 2-sulfatase) needed to break it down.
• Mucopolysaccharidosis type 3: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans). This occurs due to there being not enough of the enzyme called N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase (B) which is needed to break down the mucopolysacharides. The mucopolysaccharides are then deposited in various tissues.
• Mucopolysaccharidosis type 7 Sly syndrome: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) in various body tissues due to insufficient amounts of the enzyme (beta-glucuronidase) needed to break it down.
• Mucopolysaccharidosis type I Hurler syndrome: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) in various body tissues due to insufficient amounts of the enzyme (?-L-diuronidase) needed to break it down. There are three main sub-types of the disorder: Hurler - severe form, Scheie - mild form and Hurler/Scheie form which is intermediate.
• Muller-Barth-Menger syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by brain malformations, seizures, excessive hairiness and overlapping fingers.
• Multifocal heterotopia: A rare inherited disorder where a part of the brain tissue is misplaced during development. More specifically, brain tissue is abnormally located in multiple locations within the brain.
• Multiinfarct dementia: also known as vascular dementia
• Multiple Sclerosis: Autoimmune attack on spinal nerves causing diverse and varying neural problems.
• Multiple carboxylase deficiency, propionic acidemia: A disorder of fat metabolism where the body is unable to convert fat to energy due to the lack of a number of enzymes (carboxylases). Sufferers need to eat regularly to prevent symptoms. Symptoms are determined by the size and exact location of the tumor.
• Multiple congenital anomalies - mental retardation - growth failure and cleft lip/ palate: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, growth failure, cleft lip, cleft palate and various other abnormalities.
• Multiple endocrine abnormalities - adenylyl cyclase dysfunction: A rare syndrome characterized by an enzyme defect (adenylyl cyclase) and a number of endocrine abnormalities.
• Multiple endocrine neoplasia: A group of conditions that is characterised by the hyperplasia and hyperfunction of two or more glands of the endocrine system
• Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: Rare inherited disease causing tumors in multiple glands
• Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2: Rare inherited disease causing tumors in multiple glands
• Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 3: Rare inherited disease causing tumors in multiple glands
• Multiple myeloma: A rare malignant cancer that occurs in the bone marrow. More common in skull, spine, rib cage, pelvis and legs.
• Multiple pterygium syndrome: A very rare disorder characterized by webbing of various parts of the body, contractures, short stature, fusion of neck vertebrae and facial anomalies.
• Multiple synostosis syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by multiple bone fusions involving the face, limbs and middle ear.
• Muscle phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency: An inherited genetic muscle disease where an enzyme deficiency (phosphoglycerate kinase) affects the normal processes that convert carbohydrates from food into energy.
• Muscle-eye-brain syndrome: A genetic disease characterized by muscle weakness, congenital brain abnormalities and eye problems as well as other defects.
• Muscular dystrophy - white matter spongiosis: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by muscle problems, seizures and mental retardation.
• Muscular dystrophy, Duchenne and Becker type: An inherited l disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness. The disorder is caused by a genetic anomaly and results in insufficient quantities of or ineffective dystrophin which is needed for normal muscle functioning. The disorder is expressed in males but females can be carriers.
• Muscular dystrophy, congenital, type 1C: A recessively inherited muscle disease characterized by muscle weakness and wasting from infancy. Sufferers are generally unable to achieve the ability to walk unaided.
• Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle - mental retardation: A rare disorder where muscle weakness and wasting starts in the proximal muscles (upper limbs, shoulders and hips). The condition is caused by a deficiency of alpha-dystroglycan in the muscles.
• Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, autosomal recessive, type 2K: An autosomal recessive form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy where muscle weakness and atrophy is caused by mutations in the gene for O-mannosyltransferase-1.
• Musculoskeletal chronic fatigue syndrome: Musculoskeletal chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. Musculoskeletal chronic fatigue syndrome tends to be dominated by musculoskeletal symptoms.
• Musicophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or dislike of music.
• Musophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of mice and rats.
• Mustard tree poisoning: The mustard tree is found in various parts of America and contains nicotine. Ingestion of the plant can cause various symptoms. The leaves of the plant is sometimes smoked for its effects but it can result in death.
• Myelofibrosis-osteosclerosis: Formation of fibrous tissue in the bone marrow in response to bone marrow damage.
• Myhre Syndrome: A very rare inherited disorder characterized by retarded growth, mental retardation, bone abnormalities and distinctive facial features.
• Myhre-Ruvalcaba-Graham syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, retarded growth before and after birth, early-onset deafness and facial anomalies as well as other problems.
• Myhre-Ruvalcaba-Kelley syndrome: A rare recessively inherited X-linked disorder characterized by hearing impairment from birth and hypogonadism.
• Myoclonus epilepsy: A form of epilepsy (brain function disturbance) associated with involuntary muscle twitching (myoclonus)
• Myoclonus hereditary - progressive distal muscular atrophy: A rare inherited disorder characterized by myoclonus and progressive distal muscle weakness and wasting.
• Myoclonus progressive epilepsy of Unverricht and Lundborg: A rare genetic brain disease characterized by convulsions which become progressively worse. Modern treatment can have a big effect on the prognosis.
• Myoclonus with epilepsy with ragged red fibers: A rare disorder of mitochondrial metabolism characterized by myoclonic epilepsy and ragged-red muscle fibers. Mitochondria are the part of the body cells that produce energy.
• Myofascial pain syndromes: Any pain associated with the myofascia of the muscle tissue
• Myopathy - growth and mental retardation - hypospadias: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by muscle disease, retarded growth, mental retardation and abnormally placed urethral opening.
• Myopathy - growth delay - mental retardation - hypospadias: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by muscle disease, retarded growth, mental retardation and abnormally placed urethral opening.
• Myopathy and diabetes mellitus: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by muscle disease and diabetes mellitus. The condition was highly variable with respect to the severity, range and onset of symptoms.
• Myopathy with lactic acidosis and sideroblastic anemia: A rare disorder of the bone marrow and skeletal muscles which manifests as muscle disease and anemia. Progressive intolerance to exercise usually starts during childhood with anemia occurring around adolescence.
• Mythophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of making false or incorrect statements.
• Myxedema: The most severe form of hypothyroidism characterized by swelling of extremities and face.
• Myxophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or dislike of slime.
• N syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental and physical retardation, eye abnormalities, retarded growth, hearing impairment and a high risk of developing cancers, particularly leukemia. It is an extremely rare condition originally described in two brothers.
• N-acetyl glutamate synthetase deficiency: A rare inherited urea cycle disorder where a lack of a certain enzyme (N-acetyl glutamate synthetase) results in accumulation of ammonia in the blood as it can't be broken down and removed through the urine.
• N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase sulfamidase deficiency: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans). This occurs due to there being not enough of the enzyme called N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase sulfamidase which is needed to break down the mucopolysacharides. The mucopolysaccharides are then deposited in various tissues.
• NADH CoQ reductase, deficiency of: A rare genetic defect where an enzyme deficiency (NADH CoQ) disrupts cellular processes and causes various organic acid disorders. Any of a variety of the components of the enzyme may be missing or defective and hence the clinical presentation and severity may vary. Presentation may range from infantile death to various disorders neurodegenerative disorders such as Leigh's disease, Parkinson's disease and cardiomyopathy.
• NADH cytochrome B5 reductase deficiency: A very rare syndrome caused by a genetic anomaly resulting in an enzyme deficiency (NADH cytochrome B5 reductase).
• NOMID syndrome: A rare autoinflammatory disease characterized by fever, rash, arthritic changes, eye problems and chronic meningitis.
• Naegleria: Rare bacterial infection from contaminated water
• Nakajo syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by
• Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome: A rare disorder involving muscle degeneration, loss of skin fat and impaired immune functioning.
• Narcissistic Personality Disorder: A personality disorder that is characterised by a lack of social apathy and personal grandiosity
• Narcolepsy: Narcolepsy is characterized by the classic tetrad of excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis.
• Narcotic addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use narcotics on a regular basis. The drug may be used as a therapeutic medication for various conditions but it's use is also frequently abused. Examples of narcotic drugs include heroin, morphine, Demerol and codeine. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Narrow oral fissure - short stature - cone-shaped epiphyses: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by narrow mouth opening, short stature and abnormal bone development.
• Nasal decongestant-induced hypertension: Nasal decongestant-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by taking nasal decongestants. Patients with an existing history of hypertension may suffer further blood pressure increases while taking amphetamines and this can be serious. Severity of symptoms varies amongst patients depending on their susceptibility, underlying health and duration of nasal decongestant use.
• Necrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of death or corpses.
• Negrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of African Americans.
• Neonatal ALD: Progressive form of ALD in newborns.
• Neonatal hepatitis: A rare life-threatening condition where iron accumulates in the liver of the fetus and produces severe symptoms after birth. Death is common during the fetal or infant stage.
• Neonatal tetanus: Muscle tetanus of the very young infant
• Neophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of new things.
• Nephophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of clouds.
• Nephroblastomatosis - fetal ascites - macrosomia - wilms tumor: A rare condition characterized by kidney abnormalities, macroxomia, endocrine pancreas abnormalities, large fetus and mental retardation.
• Nephroblastomatosis, fetal ascites, macrosomia and Wilms tumor: A rare condition characterized by kidney abnormalities, macroxomia, endocrine pancreas abnormalities, large fetus and mental retardation.
• Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: A rare inherited condition where the kidneys can't concentrate the urine sufficiently which results in excessive urination and thirst. The condition occurs because the kidneys are unable to respond to the antidiuretic hormone.
• Nephrosis neuronal dysmigration Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder primarily involving physical and developmental abnormalities as well as kidney disease. The type and severity of symptoms that can occur is variable.
• Nervousness: Nervous or overly anxious mental state
• Neuraminidase deficiency: A rare inherited disorder involving an enzyme (neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase) deficiency which results in a build up of glycoproteins (sialyloligosaccharides) in the urine.
• Neuroaxonal dystrophy - renal tubular acidosis: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by muscle and kidney abnormalities.
• Neuroaxonal dystrophy, infantile: An inherited disorder involving progressive muscular and coordination problems, impaired brain function and speech and vision impairment.
• Neurocysticercosis: Brain/CNS infection with the tapeworm Cysticercosis
• Neurodegenerative syndrome, X-linked, Bertini type: A very rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized mainly by reduced muscle tone, ataxia, recurring bronchopulmonary infections and psychomotor deficit. The disorder is X-linked and thus only males suffer the full extent of the symptoms whereas female carriers may be asymptomatic or have only mild symptoms.
• Neurodegenerative syndrome, X-linked, Hamel type: A very rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized mainly by mental retardation, blindness, convulsions, spasticity and early death. The disorder is X-linked and thus only males suffer the full extent of the symptoms whereas female carriers may be asymptomatic or have only mild symptoms.
• Neuroectodermal endocrine syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by hormonal, hair, skin and brain abnormalities.
• Neuroectodermal tumor, primitive: A very rare type of tumor that occurs in children under the age of ten. It is very aggressive and has a poor prognosis with less than half of patients surviving. The tumor originates from primitive nerve cells in the brain (CNS PNET) or other parts of the body (peripheral PNET). CNS tumors can be further divided into infratentorial tumors (e.g. medulloblastoma) or supratentorial tumors. The tumors usually cause no symptoms in the early stages and the symptoms that do develop will vary depending on the exact location and size of the tumor.
• Neurofaciodigitorenal syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by
• Neurofibromatosis syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by areas of increased and decreased skin pigmentation and the development of many non-cancerous nerve and skin tumors some of which may eventually become malignant.
• Neurofibromatosis syndrome Type II: A rare genetic disorder characterized by areas of increased and decreased skin pigmentation, acoustic neuromas and the development of many noncancerous nerve and skin tumors some of which may eventually become malignant - it is a more severe form of type I neurofibromatosis.
• Neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome: A rare disorder where the patients has symptoms of neurofibromatosis (nerve tumors) and Noonan syndrome (short stature, bleeding problems, heart defect, unusual facial features, skeletal anomalies, webbed neck).
• Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: A severe, potentially fatal reaction to antipsychotic drugs.
• Neurologic disorders: disease of the brain and spinal cord
• Neurological chronic fatigue syndrome: Neurological chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic fatigue condition which tends to be dominated by neurological symptoms. Symptoms tend to be more severe than other forms of CFS. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition.
• Neurological problems: Any neurological condition
• Neuronal Migration Disorders: Group of disorders caused by abnormal growth of nerves in the brain and head.
• Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by muscle and nerve degeneration.
• Neuropathy - ataxia - retinitis pigmentosa: A rare inherited disorder where defects in the energy producing part of cells affects the nervous system and causes symptoms such as muscle and vision problems. Severity and rang of symptoms are variable.
• Neuropathy ataxia and retinis pigmentosa: A rare inherited disorder where defects in the energy producing part of cells affects the nervous system and causes symptoms such as muscle and vision problems. Severity and rang of symptoms are variable.
• Neuropathy motor sensory type 2 deafness mental retardation: An inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Deafness and mental retardation are also involved.
• Neuropathy, Hereditary Sensory, Type IV: A rare disorder characterized mainly by insensitivity to pain and inability to sweat.
• Neurosarcoidosis: A rare disorder involving sarcoidosis of the nervous system. Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that can affect virtually any part of the body. Neurosarcoidosis involves inflammation and abnormal deposits in parts of the nervous system including the brain and spinal cord which affects their functioning. Symptoms may be sudden and severe or may be mild and progress slowly. Symptoms are determined by the degree of nerve involvement.
• Neurosyphilis: Syphilis affecting the nervous system.
• Neurosyphilis - general paresis: A complication of untreated syphilis where the infection invades the brain cells and causes a range of neurological symptoms. The condition is progressive and life-threatening.
• Neurosyphilis - tabes dorsalis: A complication of untreated syphilis where the infection invades the spinal cord and progressively impairs muscle function and nerve damage may also occur. This form of the condition is progressive and life-threatening.
• Neurotoxicity syndromes: Altered nervous system functioning caused by exposure to certain chemicals (manmade or natural) that affect the nervous system - essentially it is the poisoning of the nervous system. Examples of toxic compounds that may cause neurotoxicity include lead, certain solvents and pesticides. Symptoms may occur immediately or gradually over a period of time.
• Nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn: A rare genetic neurocutaneous disorder characterized by epidermal nevi associated with central nervous and skeletal system abnormalities.
• Nguyen syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by low blood cholesterol, mental retardation and various congenital anomalies.
• Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, reduced hair, short fingers, epilepsy and abnormal bone development.
• Niemann-Pick disease: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the deficiency of an enzyme (acid sphingomyelinase) needed to break down certain lipids which results in an accumulation of these lipids in the body.
• Night blindness - skeletal anomalies - unusual facies: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by night blindness, a distinctive face and skeletal abnormalities.
• Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head, reduced immunity and increased risk of cancer. There are a wide range of other abnormalities and symptoms that can occur.
• Nipah virus encephalitis: Inflammation of the brain caused by the Nipah virus which can infect pigs and humans so transmission usually occurs through contact with pigs.
• Nivelon-Nivelon-Mabille syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by severe dwarfism, abnormal bone development and central nervous system and eye problems.
• Nocardiosis: A rare infectious disease caused by the bacteria Nocardia asteroides which primarily affects the lung but may also involve the brain, soft tissues and other organs.
• Noctiphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of the night.
• Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: Hearing loss from loud noise exposure.
• Non Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A late onset form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia where insufficient adrenal corticosteroids are produced by the body due to the deficiency of a particular chemical. The severity of symptoms varies from person to person and onset may occur as early as childhood.
• Non-Food Allergy - Africanized honeybee: An Africanized honeybee allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to an Africanized honeybee sting. Multiple stings increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Non-Food Allergy - Amylcinnamic alcohol: An amylcinnamic alcohol allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called amylcinnamic alcohol which is found in perfumes or fragrances. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Anisyl alcohol: An Anisyl alcohol allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called Anisyl alcohol which is found in perfumes or fragrances. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Ant: An ant bite allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to an ant bite. Multiple bites increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. Certain ants pose more of an allergy risk than others e.g. red fire ant. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Non-Food Allergy - Benzyl alcohol: A benzyl alcohol allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called benzyl alcohol which is found in perfumes or fragrances. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Benzyl salicylate: A benzyl salicylate allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called benzyl salicylate which is found in perfumes or fragrances. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Black fire ant: A black fire ant bite allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a black fire ant bite. Multiple bites increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Non-Food Allergy - Bumblebee: A Bumblebee allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a Bumblebee sting. Multiple stings increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Non-Food Allergy - Cinnamic alcohol: A cinnamic alcohol allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called cinnamic alcohol which is found in perfumes or fragrances. Cinnamic alcohol has a hyacinth odor and is often used as a fragrance in perfumes, cosmetics, detergents, chewing gums, oral hygiene products and drinks such a cola and bitters. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Cinnamic aldehyde: A cinnamic aldehyde allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called cinnamic aldehyde which is found in perfumes or fragrances. Cinnamic aldehyde has a hyacinth odor and is often used as a fragrance in perfumes, cosmetics, detergents, chewing gums, oral hygiene products and drinks such a cola and bitters. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Coumarin: A coumarin allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called coumarin which is found in perfumes or fragrances. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Eugenol: A eugenol allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called eugenol which is found in perfumes or fragrances. Eugenol has a spicy clove odor, is derived from cloves and cinnamon and is often used in perfumes, cosmetics, hair products, oral cleansing products and various creams and lotions. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Geraniol: A geraniol allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called geraniol which is found in perfumes or fragrances. Geraniol has a sweet floral, rose smell and is commonly used in perfumes, cosmetics and skin care products. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Hornet: A hornet allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a hornet sting. Multiple stings increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Non-Food Allergy - Hydroxycitronellal: A Hydroxycitronellal allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called Hydroxycitronellal which is found in perfumes or fragrances. Hydroxycitronellal has a sweet, floral odor and is often used in perfumes, soaps, cosmetics, aftershaves, eye creams, insecticides and antiseptics. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Isoeugenol: A isoeugenol allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called isoeugenol which is found in perfumes or fragrances. Isoeugenol is derived from nutmeg and ylang ylang oil. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Musk ambrette: A musk ambrette allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called musk ambrette which is found in perfumes or fragrances. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Oak moss absolute: A oak moss absolute allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called oak moss absolute which is found in perfumes or fragrances. Oak moss absolute has an earthy, woody scent and is often used as a fragrance in men's products. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Red fire ant: A red fire ant bite allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a red fire ant bite. Multiple bites increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Non-Food Allergy - Sandalwood oil: A sandalwood oil allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called sandalwood oil which is found in perfumes or fragrances. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Tropical fire ant: A tropical fire ant bite allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a tropical fire ant bite. Multiple bites increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Non-Food Allergy - Wood tar: A wood tar allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical called wood tar which is found in perfumes or fragrances. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - Yellow jacket Wasp: A yellow jacket allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a yellow jacket wasp sting. Multiple stings increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Non-Food Allergy - honey bee: A honey bee allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a honey bee sting. Multiple stings increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Non-Food Allergy - perfume: A perfume allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to perfumes or fragrances. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Non-Food Allergy - scorpion: A scorpion allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a scorpion sting. Multiple stings increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Non-Food Allergy - wasp: A wasp allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a wasp sting. Multiple stings increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Non-atopic asthma: Non-atopic asthma refers to inflammation and constriction of the airways that is not caused by exposure to an allergen. The severity of symptoms is variable.
• Non-diarrheal (D-) HUS syndrome: A rare condition characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and kidney failure that is not associated with diarrhea which means that it is not a result of bacterial gastroenteritis. This form of hemolytic uremic syndrome may be caused by kidney transplants, certain drugs (cyclosporine, tacrolimus, cytotoxic drugs), pregnancy, malignancy, HIV, non-diarrheal bacterial infections, immunological conditions or it may be inherited or in some cases there is no obvious cause (idiopathic).
• Non-hereditary spherocytic anemia: Non-inherited spherocytic anemia is an acquired blood disorder characterized by red blood cells that are shaped like a sphere (spherocytes) rather than the normal doughnut shape. These abnormal cells are broken down prematurely resulting in a shortage of red blood cells (anemia). The blood condition may result from such things as acute, widespread burns to the body, low blood phosphate levels, Zieve's syndrome and toxins from poisonous snakes, spiders and insects.
• Non-lissencephalic cortical dysplasia: A brain development abnormality characterized by the development of small brain convolutions that generally cause mental retardation. Symptoms depend on the location and extent of the abnormality.
• Nonaffective Psychosis: Any mental disorder that is characterised by a significant derangement of ones personality and a loss of ones touch with reality
• Noncompliance: Failure of patient to adhere to treatment regimens or advice
• Noonan Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by a webbed neck, chest deformity, undescended testes and pulmonic stenosis.
• Noonan syndrome 3: A genetic condition characterized by short stature, distinctive facial characteristics, learning difficulties, congenital heart conditions and various other anomalies.
• Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A block in the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, causing enlarged ventricles and brain atrophy.
• Normocytic anemia: Normocytic anemia is a blood disorder characterized by red blood cells which are of a normal size but present in insufficient quantities. It is often associated with chronic diseases, blood loss, bone marrow problems and kidney disease. It can also be the result of an inherited condition.
• Normocytic-Normochromic anemia: Megalocytic-Normochromic is a blood disorder characterized by normal amounts of haemoglobin within normal-sized red blood cells. However, the number of red blood cells is low. Conditions such as haemolytic anemia, liver disease and aplastic anemia may be associated with this blood disorder.
• Norrie syndrome: A rare form of blindness that occurs at birth or soon after due to eye defects. The severity and range of symptoms is variable.
• Nosophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of contracting a disease.
• Nudophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of nudity.
• Nutritional Sideroblastic anemia: Nutritional sideroblastic anemia is a blood disorder caused insufficient quantities of pyridoxine or copper. The body has sufficient iron levels but is unable to utilise it properly in red blood cells due to the lack of pyridoxine or copper. The iron becomes abnormally deposited in red blood cells which make them unable to function properly.
• Nutritional anemia: Nutritional anemia refers to a reduced red blood cell count due to a poor diet which is deficient in iron, folat and/or Vitamin B12.
• Nutritional deficiency: Any deficiency of the nutrients that are required to sustain human life
• Nychtophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of darkness or the night.
• Nymphomania: Extreme sexual promiscuity in a female.
• Nyssen-Van Bogaert syndrome: An adult form of an inherited biochemical disorder involving a deficiency of an enzyme called cerebroside sulfatase. The enzyme deficiency causes cerebroside sulfate to build up within the body and causes damage to the nervous system including the brain.
• Nyssen-Van Bogaert-Meyer syndrome: A very rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of the central nervous system.
• OFD syndrome type 8: A rare genetic disorder characterized by oral frenula, oral clefts, underdeveloped nose flaps and finger abnormalities.
• OFD syndrome type Figuera: A rare genetic disorder characterized by oral frenula, oral clefts, underdeveloped nose flaps, finger abnormalities and absence of all or part of the fibula.
• OFD syndrome type IX: A rare genetic disorder characterized by oral frenula, oral clefts, underdeveloped nose flaps and finger and retinal abnormalities.
• Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: Obesity hypoventilation syndrome is defined as the combination of obesity (body mass index above 30kg/m2), hypoxia (falling oxygen levels in blood) during sleep, and hypercapnia (increased blood carbon dioxide levels) during the day, resulting from hypoventilation (excessively slow or shallow breathing)
• Obesity, hypothyroidism, craniosynostosis, cardial hypertrophy, colitis and intellectual deficiency: A rare syndrome characterized by a variety of features including obesity, hypothyroidism, premature fusion of skull bones, enlarged heart, colitis and mental retardation. The two reported cases both involved the development of HELLP syndrome during the mother's pregnancy.
• Obsessions: A persistent unwanted idea or impulse
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Behavioral disorder with obsessive thoughts and compulsive acts.
• Obstructive sleep apnea: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is characterized by episodic upper airway obstruction that occurs during sleep.
• Occupational lead exposure - ammunition production: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed as ammunition makers if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - battery manufacturing: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the battery manufacturing industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - brass foundry: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the brass foundry industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - ceramic production: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the ceramic production industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - explosives production: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the explosives production industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - furniture refinishing: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the furniture refinishing industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - lead glass factury: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in lead glass factories if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - lead mine: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in lead mines if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - lead smelting: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the lead smelting industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - painter: Exposure to lead can occur in painters if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - pottery making: Exposure to lead can occur in people involved in pottery making if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - radiator repair: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the radiator repair industry. The soldering required to repair the radiator can lead to the lead exposure if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - ship building: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the ship building industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - ship repairing: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the ship repairing industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - smelting: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the smelting industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Ochlophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of crowds.
• Ochophophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of vehicles.
• Oculocerebral hypopigmentation syndrome, type Preus: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by eye, brain and pigmentation abnormalities.
• Oculocerebral syndrome with hypopigmentation: A rare inherited disorder involving lack of pigmentation and eye and brain defects caused by central nervous system abnormalities.
• Oculocutaneous tyrosinemia: A rare condition where a deficiency of a liver enzyme (tyrosinase aminotransferase) causes tyrosine levels in the blood to increase and result in eye problems, mental retardation and horny skin lesions.
• Oculodental syndrome: A familial disorder characterized by corneal dystrophy, enlarged gums and missing teeth
• Oculodigitoesophagoduodenal syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head and gastrointestinal, eye, finger, and toe abnormalities.
• Oculopalatocerebral syndrome: A rare inherited syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, small head, mental retardation, cleft palate and eye problems.
• Oculopalatoskeletal syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by eye, mouth palate and skeletal abnormalities.
• Odontoonychodermal dysplasia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by tooth, nail and skin abnormalities.
• Odontophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of teeth. The fear is usually associated with animal's teeth.
• Odynophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of pain.
• Oecophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or dislike of home surroundings.
• Oenophobia: An exaggerated or irrational dislike or hatred of wine.
• Ohtahara Syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by epilepsy that starts within a month of birth.
• Oikophobia: An exaggerated or irrational dislike or fear of home surroundings.
• Oinophobia: An exaggerated or irrational dislike or hatred of wine.
• Oleander poisoning: The oleander is a flowering shrub or small tree which bears clusters of flowers. The plant originated from Eurasia and is often used as an ornamental plant. The plant contains chemicals (cardiac glycosides: nerioside, oleandroside; saponins) which are very toxic if ingested. The plant is considered highly toxic and can result in death if sufficient quantities are eaten. The toxicity within a species can vary depending on the season. As little as seven leaves have been reported to cause poisoning symptoms. Poisoning can occur from inhaling smoke from burning oleander leaves.
• Olfactophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or dislike of smells.
• Oliver syndrome: An extremely rare condition characterized by extra fingers and/or toes and mental retardation.
• Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy: A group of diseases progressive degeneration occurs in a particular area of the brain (olivopontocerebellar area) which results in various neurological symptoms.
• Olivopontocerebellar atrophy I: A disorder where degeneration of certain parts of the brain and spinal cord and results in symptoms such as muscle problems, chorea and speech disturbance.
• Olivopontocerebellar atrophy, type V: A disorder where degeneration of certain parts of the brain results in symptoms such as tremor, ataxia and mental deterioration.
• Ombrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of rain or being rained on.
• Ommetaphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of eyes.
• Online gambling addiction: Online gambling addiction refers to the excessive amounts of time and money spent on online gambling. When the person attempts to reduce the amount of time and money spent on the activity they suffer withdrawal symptoms such as irritability and anxiety. The preoccupation can cause problems with finances, relationships and even with work performance.
• Online shopping addiction: Online shopping addiction refers to the excessive amounts of time and money spent on online shopping, often buying things which are neither wanted or used. When the person attempts to reduce the amount of time and money spent on the activity they suffer withdrawal symptoms such as irritability and anxiety. The preoccupation can cause problems with finances, relationships and even with work performance.
• Onomatophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of a certain name or words due to their supposed importance.
• Onychodystrophy - deafness: A very rare inherited disorder involving deafness (D), onychodystrophy (O - nail malformation), osteodystrophy (O - bone malformation) and mental retardation (R).
• Onychotrichodysplasia and neutropenia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by nail, hair and blood abnormalities.
• Ophibiophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of snakes.
• Ophidophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of snakes.
• Ophthalmoplegia, progressive external - scoliosis: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by progressive eye muscle weakness and scoliosis.
• Opioid addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use opioids on a regular basis. Opioids may may be prescribed by a physician for the purpose of pain relief but patients may become physically dependent on the drug and continue to obsessively use it even after the condition it was prescribed for has resolved. In other cases, opioid addiction results from the illicit use of the drug for recreational purposes. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling. Examples of opioids includes morphine, heroin, oxycodone and fentanyl.
• Opioid toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Opitz G Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by defects along the midline of the body. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerably. There are two subtypes of the disorder: one is inherited in a X-linked manner and the other is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Females with the X-linked form of the condition tend to have few symptoms and often only have wide set eyes.
• Opitz G/BBB Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by defects along the midline of the body. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerably. There are two subtypes of the disorder: one is inherited in a X-linked manner and the other is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Females with the X-linked form of the condition tend to have few symptoms and often only have wide set eyes.
• Opitz G/BBB Syndrome, Type II: A rare genetic disorder characterized by defects along the midline of the body. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerably. There are two subtypes of the disorder: Type I inherited in a X-linked manner and type II is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
• Opitz G/BBB Syndrome, X-linked: A rare genetic disorder characterized by defects along the midline of the body. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerably. There are two subtypes of the disorder: type I is inherited in a X-linked manner and type II is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Females with type I tend to have few if any symptoms - often the only symptom is wide-set eyes.
• Opitz G/BBB Syndrome, type I: A rare genetic disorder characterized by defects along the midline of the body. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerably. There are two subtypes of the disorder: type I is inherited in a X-linked manner and type II is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
• Opitz G/BBB syndrome, Autosomal dominant: A rare genetic disorder characterized by defects along the midline of the body. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerably. There are two subtypes of the disorder: type I is inherited in a X-linked manner and type II is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
• Opitz syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by wide-set eyes, hypospadias and swallowing difficulties.
• Opitz syndrome , X-linked: A congenital disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, genital abnormalities, esophageal defect and difficulty swallowing. Males are more severely affected than females.
• Opium addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use opium on a regular basis. Opium may may be prescribed by a physician for the purpose of pain relief but patients may become physically dependent on the drug and continue to obsessively use it even after the condition it was prescribed for has resolved. In other cases, opium addiction results from the illicit use of the drug for recreational purposes. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Opium overdose: Opium is an illegal recreational drug. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Opium withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Opium use is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Opsoclonus Myoclonus: Condition with involuntary muscle and eye movement.
• Opthalmo acromelic syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by missing eyes and limb anomalies.
• Opthalmoplegia - mental retardation - lingua scrotalis: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by weak or paralyzed eye muscles, mental retardation and a fissured tongue.
• Opthalmoplegia progressive external scoliosis: A rare disorder characterized by progressive weakening of external eye muscles and scoliosis.
• Optic atrophy 2: An early onset form of progressive optic nerve dysfunction which results in impaired vision. Neurological symptoms are usually present and vision loss progresses very slowly. The disorder is caused by a genetic defect (Xp11.4-p11.21).
• Oral facial digital syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by oral frenula, oral clefts, underdeveloped nose flaps and finger abnormalities.
• Oral facial digital syndrome, type 4: A rare inherited disorder characterized by facial, digital and oral abnormalities. Type IV is differentiated from the other types by the presence of severe shinbone deformity.
• Oral facial digital syndrome, type IV: A rare genetic disorder characterized by oral frenula, oral clefts, underdeveloped nose flaps, finger abnormalities, brain defects and short stature.
• Organic mood syndrome: Persistant mood changes due to physical causes such as a chemical imbalance rather than psychiatric causes. The duration and severity of the condition is determined by the nature and location of the cause.
• Organic personality syndrome: Persistant personality changes due to physical causes such as a chemical imbalance rather than psychiatric causes. The duration and severity of the condition is determined by the nature and location of the cause.
• Organophosphate insecticide poisoning: Excessive ingestion of organophosphate insecticides. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the exact poison ingested and the quantity.
• Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency: A rare metabolic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme ornithine transcarbamylase means that nitrogen isn't removed from the body and builds up in the blood in the form of ammonia.
• Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) Deficiency: A rare metabolic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme ornithine transcarbamylase means that nitrogen isn't removed from the body and builds up in the blood in the form of ammonia.
• Ornithophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of birds.
• Orofaciodigital syndrome Thurston type: A rare genetic disorder characterized by oral frenula, oral clefts, underdeveloped nose flaps and finger abnormalities.
• Orofaciodigital syndrome type 10: A rare genetic disorder characterized by oral frenula, oral clefts, underdeveloped nose flaps, finger abnormalities and absence of all or part of the fibula.
• Orofaciodigital syndrome type1: A rare genetic disorder characterized by variable malformations of the face, digits and inside the mouth. Type 1 is distinguished from the other types of this condition by the presence of polycystic kidneys and a X-linked dominant inheritance.
• Orofaciodigital syndrome, type 3: A rare genetic disorder characterized by oral frenula, oral clefts, underdeveloped nose flaps and finger, teeth and eye abnormalities.
• Orotic aciduria hereditary: A rare metabolic disorder where an inherited enzyme deficiency (lack of orotidylic pyrophosphorylase and orotidylic decarboxylase or a lack of orotidylic decarboxylase only) impairs the body's ability to break down orotic acid which then builds up in the body and causes damage.
• Orotic aciduria purines-pyrimidines: An inborn metabolic error which results in excessive levels of orotic acid in the urine.
• Oroticaciduria 1: A rare metabolic disorder where deficiency of two enzymes (orotidylic pyrophosphorylase and orotidylic decarboxylase) which impairs the body's ability to break down orotic acid which then builds up in the body where it can cause damage.
• Orotidylic decarboxylase deficiency: A rare metabolic disorder where deficiency of an enzyme (orotidylic decarboxylase) which impairs the body's ability to break down orotic acid which then builds up in the body where it can cause damage.
• Orthostatic intolerance: A condition where various symptoms occur when a person moves to an upright position such as standing after sitting down or sitting up after lying down. It is due to problems with blood flow, blood pressure and heart rate.
• Osmophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of odors.
• Osphresiophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of odors.
• Ossified Ear cartilages with Mental deficiency, Muscle Wasting and Bony Changes: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, cataracts, muscle disease and calcified ear cartilage. The muscle wasting starts in the lower legs and eventually involves the small hand muscles.
• Osteoarthritis: A form of degenerative arthritis due to chronic degeneration
• Osteochondrodysplatic dwarfism - deafness - retinitis pigmentosa: A rare syndrome characterized by extreme dwarfism, deafness, progressive scoliosis and retinal pigment anomalies.
• Osteopetrosis - renal tubular acidosis: A rare disorder where increased bone density is caused by carbonic anhydrase II deficiency.
• Osteopetrosis lethal: A severe, lethal form of the brittle bone condition called osteopetrosis.
• Osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis: A rare disorder where increased bone density is caused by carbonic anhydrase II deficiency.
• Osteoporosis - macrocephaly - blindness - joint hyperlaxity: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, osteoporosis, blindness and a large head.
• Osteoporosis - macrocephaly - mental retardation - blindness: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, osteoporosis, blindness and a large head.
• Oto-Palatal-digital syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized a variety of abnormalities including skeletal anomalies, distinctive face and cleft palate. There are two types of the disorder (type 1 and 2) with type 2 being more severe.
• Oto-Palato-digital syndrome type 1: A rare genetic disorder characterized by deafness, cleft palate, broad fingers and toes and short nails.
• Oto-palato-digital syndrome, type 2: A rare genetic disorder characterized by head, face, mouth and bone abnormalities.
• Otoonychoperoneal syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by underdeveloped ears and nails, shoulder anomalies and straight collarbones.
• Otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia: A rare genetic disorder where abnormal bone growth causes hearing loss, skeletal abnormalities and characteristic facial features.
• Ovarioleukodystrophy: A rare syndrome characterized by ovarian failure and degeneration of the brain white matter which causes mental and motor problems.
• OxyContin withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when OxyContin use is discontinued or reduced. OxyContin is a pain reliever but is also used as a recreation drug. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Oxycontin addiction: Oxycontin is a commonly prescribed pain killer which is recognized as carrying a high risk of addiction. Initial use of the drug may be to control chronic pain but patients may find themselves increasingly dependent on the drug and unable to stop its use. Other cases of addiction may occur when people deliberately and illegally misuse Oxycontin as a recreational drug.
• Oxycontin overdose: Oxycontin is a prescription drug mainly used to treat pain. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• PANDAS: A rare disorder characterized by the association of a tic disorder or OCD (obsessive-compulsive disorder) with a streptococcal infection and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The symptoms can start suddenly and recovery is slow with frequent relapses. It is believed that the infection affects a part of the brain that is involved with movement.
• PIBIDS syndrome: A rare inherited skin disorder characterized by photosensitivity (P), red, dry, scaly skin (I - ichthyosis), brittle hair (B), impaired physical and mental development (I), decreased fertility (D) and short stature (S). It is the same as IBIDS syndrome but involves photosensitivity.
• PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome: PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome is a group of conditions caused by a mutation in the PTEN gene. The primary characteristic of the condition is the development of multiple hamartomas (tumor-like growth) in virtually any part of the body. The growths are generally not cancerous but patients often have an increased risk of developing various cancers. Specific conditions covered by this term are Cowden syndrome, BAnnayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba Syndrome and Proteus syndrome.
• Pachygyria: A condition which is characterized by the presence of thick convolutions of the cerebral cortex
• Pachygyria - mental retardation - seizures: A very rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation and seizures caused by abnormal structural brain development called pachygyria.
• Pachygyria, frontotemporal: A recessively inherited disorder characterized by abnormal brain development (pachygyria), mental retardation and various other abnormalities.
• Pain killer addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use pain-relieving medication on a regular basis. Pain killers are often prescribed for the treatment of sleeping problems but chronic use can lead to dependence on the drug. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Paine syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized by a small head, mental and physical retardation and vision and movement problems.
• Palant cleft palate syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by a cleft palate, unusual facial features, mental retardation and limb abnormalities.
• Pallister Killian Mosaic Syndrome: Pallister Killian Mosaic Syndrome is a very rare disorder genetic disorder involving abnormalities in chromosome 12. The severity of symptoms is variable and tends to include a wide range of defects and abnormalities.
• Pallister Mosaic Syndrome Tetrasomy 12p: A very rare disorder genetic disorder involving abnormalities in chromosome 12. The severity of symptoms is variable and tends to include a wide range of defects and abnormalities.
• Panic: Symptoms of intense fear and terror (often with the desire to flee)
• Panic attack: A condition which is characterized by an acute episode of intense anxiety
• Panic disorder: is a severe medical condition characterized by extremely elevated mood
• Panphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of everything or a generalized state of anxiety or fear not related to any one particular thing.
• Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration: A rare, inherited, progressive neurological movement disorder where accumulation of iron in the brain causes degeneration of the nervous system.
• Papaphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of the pope or papacy.
• Paralipophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of neglecting some duty or responsibility.
• Paralysis symptoms: Loss of body control and/or feeling.
• Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Syndromes: A group of symptoms that occur in some individuals that are carriers of cancer
• Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis: Limbic encephalitis is an inflammation of the limbic system which is the part of the brain responsible for basic autonomic functions. In the paraneoplastic type, the inflammation is caused by cancers such as small cell lung cancer.
• Paranoia: Delusion that people or events conspire against you.
• Paranoid personality disorder: Excessive paranoid beliefs
• Paraphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of sexual perversion.
• Parasitophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of parasites.
• Paraskavedekatriaphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of Friday the 13th.
• Parathyroid cancer, adult: A rare cancer that can occur in the parathyroid gland in adults. The parathyroid glands regulate body calcium levels so cancer of the gland upsets the body's calcium balance causing muscle, bone and other symptoms.
• Paris-Trousseau thrombocytopenia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by bleeding problems, mental retardation, heart malformations and facial abnormalities.
• Parkinson disease 10 (PARK10): Type 10 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 1p32. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 11 (PARK11): Type 11 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 2q21.2. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 12 (PARK12): Type 12 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome Xq21-q25. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 13 (PARK13): Type 13 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 2p12. This form of the condition tends to progress slowly. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 2, autosomal recessive juvenile (PARK2): Type 2 Parkinson disease is juvenile form of the condition and is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 6q25.2-q27. The condition may be inherited in a recessive manner and symptoms tend to be milder following sleep. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 3, autosomal dominant Lewy body (PARK3): Type 3 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 2p13. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 4, autosomal dominant Lewy body (PARK4): Type 4 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 4q21. This form of the condition tends to start around the age of 45 years and progresses rapidly. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 4, autosomal dominant, Lewy body: A form of Parkinson's disease caused by a triplication of the alpha-synuclein gene on chromosome 4q21.
• Parkinson disease 5 (PARK5): Type 5 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 4p14. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 6, autosomal recessive early-onset (PARK6): Type 6 Parkinson disease is an early-onset form of the condition and is linked to a genetic mutation on the PINK1 gene on chromosome 1p36. The condition may be inherited in a recessive manner and symptoms tend to fluctuate during the day. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 7, autosomal recessive early-onset (PARK7): Type 7 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation in the DJ1 gene on chromosome 1p36. This form of the condition tends to start before the age of 40 years and progresses slowly. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 7, autosomal recessive, early-onset: A recessively inherited form of Parkinson's disease caused by a mutation in the DJ1 gene on chromosome 1p36. Disease progression tends to be slow.
• Parkinson disease 8 (PARK8): Type 8 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 1p32. This form of the condition tends to progress slowly. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 9: A genetic form of Parkinson disease (a progressive degeneration of the central nervous system) that progresses rapidly once it starts. Dementia, spasticity and eye movement problems are also characteristic of this form of Parkinson disease.
• Parkinson disease 9 (PARK9): Type 9 Parkinson disease is linked to a mutation in the ATP13A2 gene on chromosome 1p36. This condition progresses rapidly and usually starts during the second decade of life. Dementia, eye movement problems and wasting of the brain tissue occur in addition to the typical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease, familial, Type 1: A form of Parkinson's disease involving a mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene on chromosome 4q21.
• Parkinson disease, familial, type 1 (PARK1): Type 1 familial Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 4q21. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson's Disease: Degenerative brain condition characterised by tremor.
• Parkinson's disease dementia, familial: A condition characterized by the association of parkinsonism with dementia. Eye muscle weakness and pyramidal signs also develop in the early stage of the disease.
• Parthenophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of or aversion to young girls.
• Partial 7p Monosomy: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 7 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size and location of the deleted portion.
• Partial Trisomy 18 Syndrome: A rare genetic chromosomal syndrome where the child has an extra third copy of only part of chromosome 18 in the body's cells. It is a less severe form of Edwards syndrome - the most severe form involves and extra copy of the whole of chromosome 18 in all of the body's cells. The severity of the condition is highly variable depending on how many of the body's cells are involved and how much of the chromosome is involved.
• Partial Trisomy 3pter: A genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material from the end of the short arm of chromosome 3 is duplicated so there are three copies instead of the normal two. The symptoms or severity may vary somewhat between patients depending on the size and location of the genetic material involved.
• Partial agenesis of corpus callosum: A rare birth defect where part of the corpus callosum is absent. The corpus callosum is the area that connects the two main halves of the brain (cerebral hemispheres). Severity of symptoms is determined by how much of the structure is missing. Mild cases tend to involve headaches, seizures and speech problems which don't appear for years.
• Partial lissencephaly: A rare birth defect where the a part of the brain's surface is abnormally smooth. Severity of symptoms is determined by the extent of the defect.
• Partington X-linked mental retardation syndrome: A rare genetic syndrome involving mental retardation, abnormal movements, seizures and ataxia. The syndrome is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that females are carriers but only males display the symptoms.
• Passos-Bueno syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation, reduced muscle tone, incontinence, muscle wasting and inability to walk or speak.
• Patau syndrome: A chromosomal disorder where there are three number 13 chromosomes as opposed to the normal two. The condition causes mental retardation and heart, kidney and scalp defects. Survival rate is very poor.
• Patella hypoplasia - mental retardation: A very rare genetic disorder characterized by the association of knee problems and mental retardation.
• Pathophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of disease.
• Patterson pseudoleprechaunism syndrome: A very rare disorder characterized by excessive pigmentation, looks skin, unusual face, several mental retardation and bone abnormalities.
• Patterson-Stevenson syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a missing fingers giving the hand a split appearance as well as jaw and face abnormalities.
• Pay-loo-ah-induced lead poisoning: Pay-loo-ah is a folk remedy used mainly by the Hmong people from Loas to treat fever and rash. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Peach seed poisoning: Peach seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the seed remains intact and therefore poisoning usually occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual. Most parts of the peach plant contain the toxic chemical with the highest concentration in young leaves.
• Peccatiphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of sinning.
• Pectus excavatum macrocephaly dysplastic nails: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by a sunken chest, large head and abnormal nails.
• Pediatric AIDS: Pediatric AIDS is an immune system disease in infants or children caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Symptoms in children are similar to those of an adult but their susceptibility to various AIDS-related conditions varies e.g. children are less susceptible to Kaposi sarcoma, taxoplasmosis and cryptococcosis than adults.
• Pediculophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of lice.
• Pediophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or dislike of children.
• Peladophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of baldness.
• Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease: Rare brain myelin disorder.
• Pellagra: Dietary deficiency of vitamin B3 (niacin)
• Pellagra-like syndrome: A rare disorder where the body is unable to metabolise tryptophan which causes a distinctive skin rash and neurological symptoms.
• Peniaphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of poverty.
• Penicillin-induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia: Penicillin-induced immune hemolytic anemia is a condition where use of a medication called Penicillin triggers the body's immune system to destroy it's own red blood cells which results in anemia.
• Pentheraphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of mother-in-law.
• Percocet overdose: Percocet is a prescription drug used to treat pain. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Percocet withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Percocet use is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Pericardium absent - mental retardation - short stature: A very rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation, short stature and an absent pericardium which is the fluid-filled sac surrounding the heart.
• Perinatal hypophosphatasia: An inherited bone disorder due to an inborn error of metabolism characterized by a severe deficiency of alkaline phosphate which results in death before or within days of birth.
• Periodic limb movements in sleep: Repeated involuntary leg movements during sleep.
• Periorbital cellulitis: Bacterial infection of the superficial tissues surrounding the eyes, often following a conjunctivitis or middle ear infection
• Perisylvian syndrome: A very rare nerve disorder characterized by weakness or paralysis of face, jaw tongue and throat muscles. Other symptoms include seizures, delayed development and mental retardation.
• Periventricular laminar heterotopia: A rare inherited disorder where a part of the brain tissue is misplaced during development. More specifically, brain tissue is abnormally located in the lining of the brain ventricles.
• Pernettya poisoning: Pernettya is a shrubby plant found mainly in the southern parts of the world. It is often utilized as an ornamental shrub. The leaves, berries and flower nectar contain a chemical called andromedotoxin which can cause symptoms if eaten. Serious cases of poisoning can result in death.
• Pernicious anemia: A megaloblastic anaemia due to malabsorption of the vitamin B12
• Personality change: Change in a person's behavior and personality
• Personality disorder: Any of a group of disorders that affect ones personality
• Personality disorders: A group of psychiatric disorders that are characterised but abnormal dysfunctional personalities
• Personality symptoms: Symptoms or changes to the personality.
• Pervasive developmental disorder: Group of developmental disorders often recognized before 3 years of age.
• Petit-Fryns syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, short stature and degeneration or loss of calcium in bones of the hands and feet.
• Pfeiffer Syndrome Type I: A rare genetic disorder where some of the skull bones fuse too early which affects the size and shape of the skull and face. Thumb and toe abnormalities are also present. There are three types of Pfeiffer syndrome with varying degrees of severity. Type I is the mildest of the three Pfeiffer Syndrome subtypes.
• Pfeiffer syndrome Type 3: A rare genetic disorder characterized by premature joining of certain skull bones during development which has an impact on the shape of the head and face. Features include craniofacial abnormalities, cardiovascular malformations and early death is common.
• Pfeiffer-Mayer syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, colobomata and an extra thumb.
• Pfeiffer-Tietze-Welte syndrome: A very rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, split hand and premature fusion of the sagittal skull bones.
• Pfiesteria piscicida infection: Pfiesteria piscicida is a tiny marine organism called a dinoflagellate that is found in waters where fresh and salt water mix e.g. at river mouths. It is believed to be responsible for killing fish as well as health problems in humans.
• Phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormally pigmented areas on the skin which is associated with neurological problems. The skin pigmentation spreads and generally occurs only on one side of the body.
• Phagophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of eating.
• Phalacrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of becoming bald.
• Phanmophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of specters or phantoms.
• Pharmacophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of drugs.
• Phasmophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of ghosts.
• Phenobarbital antenatal infection: Fetal exposure to a drug called Phenobarbital which can be used as an anticonvulsant, sedative or hypnotic drug. The range of symptoms depends on the dosage and duration of the drug taking during pregnancy.
• Phenogophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of daylight.
• Phenol sulfotransferase deficiency: A rare inherited disorder where the body is deficient in an enzyme (phenol sulfotransferase) which makes them unable to process phenols and other toxic substance in the body. A buildup of phenol in the body can cause physical and behavioral problems.
• Phenophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of noise.
• Phenylketonuria: A metabolic disorder where there is a deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase which leads to a harmful buildup of the phenylalanine in the body. Normally the phenylalanine is converted into tyrosine. The severity of the symptoms can range from severe enough to cause mental retardation to mild enough not to require treatment. Severity is determined by the level of impairment of enzyme activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase.
• Phenylketonuria - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that the development of Phenylketonuria during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Phenylketonuria type 2: A genetic condition where phenylalanine (component of protein) is unable to be broken down due to an enzyme (phenylalanine hydroxylase) deficiency which leads to a harmful build up of the compound. The condition is characterized by neurological symptoms as well as the presence of increased levels of phenylalanine in the blood.
• Phenytoin toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Pheochromocytoma: pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor that usually starts in the cells of the adrenal glands
• Pheochromocytoma-induced hypertension: Pheochromocytoma-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by an adrenal gland tumor. The high blood pressure often responds poorly to the usual medications. Death can result in severe cases.
• Phillips-Griffiths syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by an eye defect called a coloboma and variable skeletal abnormalities.
• Philosophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or dislike of philosophers or philosophy.
• Phobia: An irrational intense fear of an activity, thing or place
• Phobic disorder: A persistent and abnormal dread or fear.
• Phobophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of fear.
• Phocomelia syndrome: A rare condition involving a range severe birth defects that can occur genetically, spontaneously or due to use of certain drugs such as thalidomides during pregnancy.
• Phonemophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of thinking.
• Phonophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of noise.
• Phosphate diabetes: A condition where the kidney tubules fail to reabsorb phosphate resulting in excess phosphate in the urine.
• Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 deficiency: An inherited genetic muscle disease where an enzyme deficiency (phosphoglycerate kinase) affects the normal processes that convert carbohydrates from food into energy.
• Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase deficiency: A rare disorder where an enzyme (Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase) deficiency causes mental retardation and hypouricemia.
• Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity: A rare X-linked metabolic disorder caused by the excessive activity of a particular enzyme (Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase). The main manifestations are increased production of uric acid and purine nucleotide.
• Photalgiophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of eye pain caused by light.
• Photophobia: Dislike, sensitivity or avoidance of bright light
• Physical addiction: Physical addiction refers to the compulsive need for a drug or substance in order to prevent the withdrawal symptoms (physical and/or psychological) or due to increased tolerance to the effects of the substance.
• Pick's Disease: Degenerative dementia condition.
• Pick's disease of the brain: A degenerative brain disease involving the frontal and temporal brain lobes resulting primarily in progressive dementia and loss of motor and language functions. It is characterized by the presence of proteins called Pick bodies in damaged nerve cells.
• Pili torti - developmental delay - neurological abnormalities: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by developmental delay, twisted hair shafts and neurological symptoms.
• Pilo dento ungular dysplasia - microcephaly: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by hair, tooth and nail abnormalities as well as a small head.
• Pilotto syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by congenital heart disease, cleft lip and palate, scoliosis, short stature and mental retardation.
• Pitt-Hopkins syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation with periods of overbreathing and apnea.
• Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome: A rare genetic condition characterized by reduced fetal growth, mental retardation and distinctive facial features.
• Pituitary cancer, childhood: Cancer (malignant) of the pituitary gland in children. The pituitary gland produces various hormones and some pituitary tumors (functioning tumors) can affect the secretion of one or more of these hormones resulting in a range of symptoms depending on the exact location of the tumor. Some pituitary tumors do not affect hormone production (nonfunctioning tumors).
• Pituitary tumors, adult: A benign or cancer tumor that develops in the tissue of the pituitary gland in adults. The pituitary gland produces various hormones and some pituitary tumors (functioning tumors) can affect the secretion of one or more of these hormones resulting in a range of symptoms depending on the exact location of the tumor. Some pituitary tumors do not affect hormone production (nonfunctioning tumors).
• Piussan-Lenaert-Mathieu syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, a stiff thumb and shortness or absence of middle bones of fingers and toes (brachydactyly type A1).
• Plague: Any epidemic disease with a high death rate.
• Plant poisoning - Acetylandromedol: Acetylandromedol is a chemical found naturally in plants from the Ericaceae family which includes rhodendrons. Human poisoning can occur through eating honey made from pollen and nectar from these flowers or from eating other parts of the plant. The severity of symptoms may vary from mild to life-threatening depending on the amount consumed.
• Plant poisoning - Amygdalin: Amygdalin is a chemical found naturally in various plants e.g. stone fruit kernels and raw almonds. Eating these parts of the plant that contain the chemical can cause symptoms of cyanide poisoning as the amygdalin is converted to cyanide by the digestive process. Obviously, the concentration of the chemical varies amongst species of plant and often, significant quantities are needed to produce symptoms. Nevertheless, severe poisoning can result in death. Amygdalin is believed by some to inhibit cancers but there has been no conclusive proof of this.
• Plant poisoning - Andromedotoxin: Andromedotoxin is a toxin found naturally in plants such as aloe vera, senna, rhubarb and Cascara buckthorn. The main symptoms are gastrointestinal which can range in severity depending on the amount consumed. Severe cases can result in kidney damage and gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Plant poisoning - Angel's trumpet (D. suaveolans): Ingestion of Angel's trumpet can cause various symptoms which can be severe in some cases.
• Plant poisoning - Cyanogenic glycoside: Cyanogenic glycoside is a toxin found naturally in various plants e.g. cherries, plums, almonds, peaches, apricots, apples and cassava. The chemical is usually concentrated in the seeds, kernels or wilted leaves. Eating these parts of the plant that contain the chemical can cause symptoms of cyanide poisoning as the cyanogenic glycoside is converted to cyanide by the digestive process. Even chewing the leaves can result in conversion to cyanide due to the presence of digestive enzymes in the mouth. Obviously, the concentration of the chemical varies amongst species of plant and often, significant quantities are needed to produce symptoms. Nevertheless, severe poisoning can result in death.
• Plant poisoning - Digitalis glycoside: Digitalis glycoside is a toxin found naturally in plants such as the foxglove. The main symptoms of relatively mild poisoning are gastrointestinal and the effect on the heart usually results in changes in heart rate. Serious cases can result in symptoms such as convulsions and hallucinations.
• Plant poisoning - Grayanotoxin: Grayanotoxin is a chemical found naturally in plants from the Ericaceae family which includes rhodendrons. Human poisoning can occur through eating honey made from pollen and nectar from these flowers or from eating other parts of the plant. The severity of symptoms may vary from mild to life-threatening depending on the amount consumed.
• Plant poisoning - Hydroquinone: Hydroquinone is a chemical metabolized by the human digestive system from a naturally occurring chemical called arbutin found in the leaves of plants such as blueberries, cranberries, bearberries and red whortleberries. The main symptoms are irritation of the gastrointestinal mucosa but severe poisoning can cause systemic symptoms.
• Plant poisoning - Indole alkaloids: Indole alkaloids are a group of chemicals found naturally in plants such as snakeroot and Madagascar periwinkle. Specific indole alkaloids from this group are vinblastine, reserpine and vincristine.
• Plant poisoning - Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium): Ingestion of Jimsonweed can cause various symptoms which can be severe in some cases.
• Plant poisoning - Lobeline: Lobeline is a chemical found naturally in plants called lobelias. Ingesting plants containing the chemical produces symptoms similar to the effects of nicotine.
• Plant poisoning - Rhodotoxin: Rhodotoxin is a chemical found naturally in rhodendrons. Human poisoning can occur through eating honey made from pollen and nectar from these flowers or from eating other parts of the plant. The severity of symptoms may vary from mild to life-threatening depending on the amount consumed.
• Plant poisoning - potato (Solanum tuberosum): Ingestion of green potatoes or potato sprouts can cause various symptoms which can be severe in some cases.
• Plasma cell leukemia: A form of leukemia characterized by the proliferation of plasma cells in the peripheral blood system. The prognosis is generally poor for this usually aggressive condition.
• Plum syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by eye, brain and bone abnormalities.
• Pneumatophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of spirits.
• Pneumonia caused by serotype O11 Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Inflammation of the lungs and bronchioles caused by an opportunistic pathogen called Pseudomonas Aeruginosa.
• Pneumonia, Aspiration: Inflammation of the lungs and bronchioles caused by breathing in liquids and solids (usually the stomach contents).
• Pneumonia, Bacterial: Inflammation of the lungs and bronchioles caused by bacteria.
• Pneumonia, Staphylococcal: Inflammation of the lungs and bronchioles caused by the Staphylococcal bacteria. The condition is not common and often occurs as a complication of influenza or other viral respiratory infections. This form of pneumonia is considered serious and up to a third of cases can result in death.
• Pneumonia, Viral: Inflammation of the lungs and bronchioles caused by a virus.
• Pnigophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of choking or smothering.
• Po Ying Tan-induced lead poisoning: Po Ying Tan is a folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat minor childhood complaints. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Pogonophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or dislike of beards.
• Poikilocytic anemia: Poikilocytic anemia refers a blood disorder characterized by abnormally shaped red blood cells. The abnormal red blood cells may be destroyed prematurely resulting in anemia. The severity of the anemia and hence the severity of symptoms is variable.
• Poikilodermatomyositis - mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation , muscle inflammation and weakness and pigmentation abnormalities.
• Poinephobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of punishment.
• Poison hemlock poisoning: Poison hemlock is a herbaceous plant which has a relatively large taproot and clusters of small white flowers. The plant if often found growing in the wild as a weed. The plant contains various alkaloid chemicals which can cause symptoms if eaten. Severe cases of poisoning can result in death.
• Poisoning: The condition produced by poison
• Polar bear poisoning: Polar bears are often used as a food source by the arctic inhabitants. Eating the liver and kidneys of the polar bear is believed to result in a Vitamin A overdose which can cause serious symptoms and even death in extreme cases. Eating more than 200 grams of Pola