... Red urine may be due to hematuria,
hemoglobinuria (hemolytic anemia), myoglobinuria (muscle trauma, myocardial infarction), and coproporphyria or uroporphyria (porphyria). Phenazopyridine
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Is there fever? A significant fever would suggest either pyelonephritis, particularly in females, or acute prostatitis in males.
Is the urine ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Are there significant numbers of white blood cells (WBCs) in the urine? This would suggest a UTI. If there are white cell casts or clumps, the infection may be a ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Are there significant RBCs in the urine? If so, one should consider glomerulonephritis, collagen disease, tuberculosis, neoplasm, trauma, renal calculus, and ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there abdominal pain? The presence of abdominal pain with hematuria should first suggest renal calculus, but other causes, such as renal embolism, renal ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Dysuria is a painful or burning sensation during or immediately after urination. This is a common symptom in primary care; nearly 20% of women aged 20–55 will have one... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Hematuria is the intermittent or persistent excretion of red or brown urine that can occur with a variety of clinical symptoms. The amount of blood can be grossly evident or... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Dysuria is defined as pain with urination and is a very common complaint in female children. It is commonly due to either urinary tract infection or perineal irritation from a variety of causes.
Differential Diagnosis
... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Proteinuria in children is defined as a quantitative 24-hour urine collection with >4 mg/m2/hour (>100 mg/m2/day) of protein. Semiquantitative definitions include urine... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Pyuria is defined as the presence of white blood cells in the urine. This condition is commonly caused by urinary tract infection, asymptomatic bacteriuria, or vaginal contamination of the urine specimen.
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Hematuria is defined as >5 red blood cells per high-power field in a freshly voided, spun urine specimen. Macroscopic (gross) hematuria is less common, is more likely to be attributed to an identified cause, and is always “... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... Apart from hematuria, red urine may signify hemoglobinuria or myoglobinuria, suggesting the various hemolytic anemias, the march hemoglobinuria, paroxysmal “cold” hemoglobinuria
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... Dysuria is difficult or painful micturition. One could cover most of the causes simply by considering the inflammatory lesions of the genitourinary tract in ascending order. Thus, there may be a urethritis or urethral carbuncle, a
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... There are many causes of proteinuria. The mnemonic VINDICATE is a helpful way of developing a list of possibilities.
PROTEINURIA
V&
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... Pyuria is included here although it is not a symptom or a definitive finding on physical examination. Examination of the urine, however, is so frequently a part of every physical
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... Using the anatomic approach, the physician can arrive at most of the causes of hematuria ( Table 35 ). One need only visualize the urinary tract and proceed from the kidney on down to get a differential list.
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... Bladder distention — abnormal enlargement of the bladder — results from an inability to excrete urine, which results in its accumulation. Distention can be caused by a mechanical or... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... A sudden compelling urge to urinate, accompanied by bladder pain, is a classic symptom of urinary tract infection (UTI). As inflammation decreases bladder capacity, discomfort results from the accumulation of even small amounts of urine.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Cloudy, murky, or turbid urine reflects the presence of bacteria, mucus, leukocytes or erythrocytes, epithelial cells, fat, or phosphates (in alkaline urine). It’s... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in urine Strictly defined, it means three or more red blood cells (RBCs) per high-power microscopic field in... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Benign/Physiologic
Fever
Exercise
Orthostatic
Contrast dye
Usually Nonnephritic
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... Pseudohematuria (Dyes and Pigments)
Beets
Food dyes
Phenytoin
Rifampin
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... Urethral
Congenital urethral stenosis, web, atresia
Posterior urethral valves
Inflammation or stricture
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... Cystitis and urethritis, the two forms of lower urinary tract infection (UTI), are nearly 10 times more common in females than in males and affect approximately 10% to 20% of all females at least once. Lower UTI is also a prevalent bacterial... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Bladder distention—abnormal enlargement of the bladder—results from an inability to excrete urine, which then accumulates in the bladder. Distention can be caused by a mechanical or anatomic obstruction, a... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Dysuria
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... Dysuria—painful or difficult urination—is commonly accompanied by urinary frequency, urgency, or hesitancy. This symptom usually reflects lower urinary tract infection (UTI)—a common disorder, especially in... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... A sudden compelling urge to urinate accompanied by bladder pain is a classic symptom of urinary tract infection (UTI). As inflammation decreases bladder capacity, discomfort results from the accumulation of even... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling
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... Cloudy, murky, or turbid urine reflects the presence of bacteria, mucus, leukocytes or erythrocytes, epithelial cells, fat, or phosphates (in alkaline urine). It’s characteristic of... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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Hematuria
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in the urine. Strictly defined, it means three or more red blood cells (RBCs) per... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Dysuria
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... David M. Quillen
Approach Dysuria is defined as “painful urination.” Acute dysuria is a frequent problem seen in ambulatory practices, accounting... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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Proteinuria
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Irene M. Hamrick
The prevalence of proteinuria in the general population is 3%, and 5% in healthy adolescents (1). Heavy and persistent proteinuria is
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Hematuria
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Siegfried Schmidt and Ku-Lang Chang
Hematuria, defined as “blood in the urine,” is encountered frequently in family practice. It can occur as gross (macroscopic) hematuria with... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Differential Overview
❑ Lower urinary tract infection
❑ Acute pyelonephritis
❑ Urethritis
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Diabetes
❑ Drugs/toxins
❑ Acute tubular necrosis
❑ Glomerulonephritis ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
❑ Urinary tract infection
❑ Nephrolithiasis
❑ Anticoagulation
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Cystitis and urethritis, the two forms of lower urinary tract infection (UTI), are nearly 10 times more common in women than in men and affect approximately 10% to 20% of all women at least once. Lower... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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Bladder distention
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
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... Bladder distention is an abnormal enlargement of the bladder due to the accumulation of urine arising from an inability to excrete urine. Distention can be caused by a mechanical... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Bladder distention — abnormal enlargement of the bladder — results from an inability to excrete urine, which results in its accumulation. Distention can be caused by a mechanical or anatomic... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Dysuria
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
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... Dysuria (painful or difficult urination) is commonly accompanied by urinary frequency, urgency, or hesitancy. This symptom usually reflects lower urinary tract infection (UTI) — a common... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... A sudden compelling urge to urinate, accompanied by bladder pain, is a classic symptom of urinary tract infection (UTI). As inflammation decreases bladder capacity, discomfort results from the accumulation of even small amounts of... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in the urine. Microscopic hematuria is confirmed by an occult blood test, whereas macroscopic hematuria is immediately visible. However,... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Dysuria
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
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...Dysuria (pain on urination) is usually producedby inflammation of urethra or bladder or both. Principal Causes of Dysuria Urinarytract infection Urethritis Cystitis ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... Table 15.1. Criteria for Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections ... References
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Proteinuria
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
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... Proteinuriais a common finding in childhood and adolescence. Usual pathogenesis involves increasein permeability of glomerular basement membrane. Less common isdecreased... Principal Causes of Proteinuria ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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Hematuria
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
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... Hematuria—presenceof blood in urine—can be microscopic (urine is not discolored) orgross (urine has red or brown discoloration). >5 red cells per high-powerfield in centrifuged urinary sediment is... Principal Causes of Hematuria ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... Bladder distention—abnormal enlargement of the bladder—results from an inability to excrete urine, which results in its accumulation. Distention can be caused by a mechanical or anatomic obstruction, neuromuscular... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... Dysuria—painful or difficult urination—is commonly accompanied by urinary frequency, urgency, or hesitancy. This symptom usually reflects lower urinary tract infection (UTI)—a... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... A sudden compelling urge to urinate (urinary urgency), accompanied by bladder pain, is a classic symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI). As inflammation decreases bladder capacity, discomfort results from the accumulation of even small... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Cloudy, murky, or turbid urine reflects the presence of bacteria, mucus, leukocytes or erythrocytes, epithelial cells, fat, or phosphates (in alkaline urine). It's characteristic of urinary... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in urine. Strictly defined, it means three or more red blood cells (RBCs) per high-power microscopic field in urine.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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Apart from hematuria, red urine may signify hemoglobinuria or
myoglobinuria, suggesting the various hemolytic anemias, the march
hemoglobinuria,... Pictures
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...
Dysuria is difficult or painful micturition. One could cover most of
the causes simply by considering the inflammatory lesions of the
genitourinary tract in ascending order. Thus, there may be a... Pictures
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...
There are many causes of proteinuria. The mnemonic VINDICATE is a
helpful way of developing a list of possibilities.
V—Vascular category should call... Pictures
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Pyuria is included here although it is not a symptom or a definitive
finding on physical examination. Examination of the urine, however, is so
frequently a part of every... Pictures
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...
Using the anatomic approach, the physician can arrive at most of
the causes of hematuria (Table 35). One need only visualize the
urinary tract and proceed from the kidney on down... Pictures
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... Ann Salerno, MD Hematuria - BASICS Hematuria - description Hematuria is defined as >5 RBCs per high-power field (hpf), using a standard urinalysis technique on a centrifuged sample.... Hematuria - DIAGNOSIS ... Hematuria - TREATMENT ... Hematuria - FOLLOW UP ... Hematuria - bibliography ... Hematuria - CODES
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... Mercedes M. Blackstone, MDKathy N. Shaw, MD, MSCE Urinary Tract Infection - BASICS Urinary Tract Infection - description UTI is ... Urinary Tract Infection - DIAGNOSIS ... Urinary Tract Infection - TREATMENT ... Urinary Tract Infection - FOLLOW UP ... Urinary Tract Infection - bibliography ... Urinary Tract Infection - CODES ... Urinary Tract Infection - FAQ
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... Etiology
Pediatric urinary tract infection begins with colonization of the periurethral
area with gastrointestinal bacteria. These bacteria may then ascend into the
... Presentation ... Diagnosis ... Management of Urinary Tract Infection ... Radiographic Evaluation after Urinary Tract Infection
... Management of Vesicoureteral Reflux ... Selected Readings ... Pictures
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