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Is it unilateral? Diplopia that is unilateral is rare, but it can be encountered in ectopia lentis as associated with Marfan's disease, as well as in congenital double pupil, cataracts, and corneal ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there redness of the eye? Redness of the eye suggests definite eye pathology. Without redness, one should suspect disease in the adjacent structures or retrobulbar neuritis.
... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is it intermittent? Intermittent hemianopsia, whether it is bitemporal or homonymous in type, would suggest migraine, carotid artery ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is the onset acute or gradual? An acute onset would suggest optic neuritis, hypertensive encephalopathy, cerebral hemorrhage, extradural hematoma, brain abscess, dural sinus thrombosis, ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is it transient? If the scotomas are transient, then migraine, transient ischemic attacks, and retrobulbar neuritis should be suspected.
Are there abnormalities on the eye ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is it unilateral or bilateral? The presence of unilateral blurred vision should suggest such local ocular conditions as cataract, refractive error, iritis, glaucoma, ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Diplopia, or double vision, is a common ophthalmologic complaint. Diplopia may be horizontal, vertical, or diagonal. It occurs secondary to paralysis, paresis, and/or restriction of the extraocular muscles. Most cases are... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Papilledema is defined as swelling or edema of the optic discs; it is usually bilateral and is due to increased intracranial pressure. Clinically, the disk appears elevated and the margins appear indistinct or blurred with obscuring of some... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Vision loss may be unilateral or bilateral; transient or persistent; of sudden or gradual onset; and painless or painful. Vision loss in one eye may be followed quickly by ensuing vision loss of the other eye,... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Blurred vision is one of the most common ophthalmic symptoms. It may be caused by any alteration of the optical surfaces (e.g., cataract) or the media through which the visual axis traverses ... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Diplopia of sudden onset is more related to neurologic disease than to ocular disease. Other than space-occupying orbital lesions, most diplopia can be related to a... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Sudden decrease of vision is usually an ominous sign. Most often the cause of permanent loss is at the retinal or optic nerve level. For the optic nerve to be associated there must be... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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True optic disc swelling or edema can be a very ominous sign. Papilledema is defined as disc swelling produced by increased ICP; it may be asymmetric, UL, or BL. Acutely, the vision, color vision, and pupillary responses are... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... Applying the mnemonic MINT to the various anatomic parts of the eye will aid in systematically developing a list of diagnostic possibilities for eye pain.
M—
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... No anatomic analysis of this condition is necessary because most cases of papilledema are caused by intracranial pathology. Three notable extracranial conditions are optic neuritis,
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... The causes of blurred vision and blindness can best be recalled with the use of anatomy. If the path of light is followed through the eye to the nervous system, the various
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... Diplopia is double vision — seeing one object as two. This symptom results when extraocular muscles fail to work together, causing images to fall on noncorresponding parts of the retinas. What causes this muscle incoordination?... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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Eye pain may be described as a burning, throbbing, aching, or stabbing sensation in or around the eye. It may also be characterized as a foreign-body sensation. This sign varies from mild to severe; its duration and... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Pictures
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... Halo vision refers to seeing rainbowlike, colored rings around lights or bright objects. This effect can be explained by this physical principle: As light passes through water (in... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations
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... Hemianopsia is a loss of vision in one-half of the normal visual field (usually the right or left half) of one or both eyes However, if the visual field defects are identical in both eyes but affect less than half the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... A scotoma is an area of partial or complete blindness within an otherwise normal or slightly impaired visual field. Usually located within the central 30-degree area, the defect ranges from absolute blindness to a barely... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Vision loss — the inability to perceive visual stimuli — can be sudden or gradual and temporary or permanent. The deficit can range from a slight impairment of vision to total blindness. It can result from an ocular, a neurologic,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Visual blurring is a common symptom that refers to the loss of visual acuity with indistinct visual details. It may result from eye injury, a neurologic or eye disorder, or a disorder with vascular... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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Diplopia
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... Diplopia is double vision—seeing one object as two. This symptom results when extraocular muscles fail to work together, causing images to fall on noncorresponding parts of the retinas.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Halo vision refers to seeing rainbowlike colored rings around lights or bright objects. The rainbowlike effect can be explained by this physical principle: As light passes... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
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... Hemianopsia is loss of vision in one-half the normal visual field (usually the right or left half) of one or both eyes. However, if the visual field defects are identical in both eyes but affect less than half the field... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Scotoma
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... A scotoma is an area of partial or complete blindness within an otherwise normal or slightly impaired visual field. Usually located within the central 30-degree area, the defect ranges from... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Vision loss—the inability to perceive visual stimuli—can be sudden or gradual and temporary or permanent. The deficit can range from a slight impairment of vision to total blindness. It can result from an ocular, a... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Visual blurring is a common symptom that refers to the loss of visual acuity with indistinct visual details. It may result from an eye injury, a neurologic or eye disorder, or a... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Eye pain may be described as a burning, throbbing, aching, or stabbing sensation in or around the eye. It may also be characterized as a foreign-body sensation. This sign varies from mild to... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Diplopia
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Richard C. Mauer
Diplopia, or true double vision, not simply blurred vision, can be a very useful clinical symptom. A range of problems can be limited to the eye or be as severe as an intracranial aneurysm.... Approach ... History ... Physical examination. Focused physical examination (PE) ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
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Papilledema
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Richard C. Mauer
Papilledema is optic disc swelling produced by increased intracranial pressure. The diagnostic assessment of papilledema is critical in that the underlying cause can... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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Scotoma
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Michael J. Puk
Scotoma is defined as a blind or partially blind area in the visual field. A basic understanding of neuroanatomy helps to localize the visual field defect.... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testin ... Diagnostic assessment
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Blurred Vision
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Gary K. Phelps
Blurred vision is a common, very nonspecific presenting ophthalmic complaint. Normal visual function requires a sharp image created by the lenses (cornea and crystalline... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Differential Overview
❑ Conjunctivitis
❑ Corneal abrasion
❑ Foreign body ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
Diplopia
❑ Alcohol
❑ Diabetes
❑ Brainstem ischemia... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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Eye pain
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
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... Eye pain may be described as a burning, throbbing, itching, aching, or stabbing sensation in or around the eye. It may also be characterized as a foreign-body sensation. This sign varies from mild to severe; its... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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Vision loss
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
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... The inability to perceive visual stimuli, vision loss can be sudden or gradual and temporary or permanent. The deficit can range from a slight impairment of vision to total blindness. It can result... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Diplopia is the clinical term for double vision, or seeing one object as two. This symptom results when extraocular muscles fail to work together, causing images to fall on noncorresponding parts of the retinas.... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Eye pain, or ophthalmalgia, may be described as a burning, throbbing, aching, or stabbing sensation in or around the eye. It may also be characterized as a foreign-body sensation. This sign varies from mild to... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Halo vision refers to seeing rainbowlike, colored rings around lights or bright objects. Halo vision usually develops suddenly; its duration depends on the causative disorder. This symptom may occur with disorders... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Hemianopsia is loss of vision in one-half the normal visual field (usually the right or left half) of one or both eyes. However, if the visual field defects are identical in both eyes but affect less than half... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Scotoma
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
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... A scotoma is an area of partial or complete blindness within an otherwise normal or slightly impaired visual field. Usually located within the central 30-degree area, the defect ranges from absolute blindness to a barely detectable... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Vision loss — the inability to perceive visual stimuli — can be sudden or gradual and temporary or permanent. The deficit can range from a slight impairment of vision to total blindness. It can result from an ocular, a... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Visual blurring is a common symptom that refers to the loss of visual acuity with indistinct visual details. It may result from eye injury, a neurologic or eye disorder, or a disorder with vascular complications, such as... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Diplopia is double vision—seeing one object as two. This symptom results when extraocular muscles fail to work together, causing images to fall on noncorresponding parts of the retinas. What causes this muscle incoordination? Orbital... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Halo vision refers to seeing rainbowlike, colored rings around lights or bright objects. This effect can be explained by the physical principle that as light passes through water (in the eye, through tears or the cells of various... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... Hemianopsia is a loss of vision in one-half of the normal visual field (usually the right or left half) of one or both eyes. However, if the visual field defects are identical in both eyes but affect less than one-half of the field of... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... A scotoma is an area of partial or complete blindness within an otherwise normal or slightly impaired visual field. Usually located within the central 30-degree area, the defect ranges from absolute blindness to a barely... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Vision loss—the inability to perceive visual stimuli—can be sudden or gradual and temporary or permanent. The deficit can range from a slight impairment of vision to total blindness. It can... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Visual blurring is a common symptom that refers to the loss of visual acuity with indistinct visual details. It may result from eye injury, a neurologic or eye disorder, or a disorder with vascular complications, such... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... Eye pain may be described as a burning, throbbing, aching, or stabbing sensation in or around the eye. It may also be characterized as a foreign-body sensation. This sign varies from mild to severe; its duration and exact location provide... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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...
Applying the mnemonic MINT to the various anatomic parts of the
eye will aid in systematically developing a list of diagnostic possibilities
for eye pain.
M—... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
No anatomic analysis of this condition is necessary because most cases
of papilledema are caused by intracranial pathology. Three notable
extracranial conditions are optic neuritis,... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
