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Osteoporosis*

Aging (especially postmenopause)
Immobilization
Nutritional causes
   Calcium or vitamin D deficiency, or both
   Malnutrition, malabsorption
   Postgastrectomy
   Scurvy
   Total parenteral nutrition
   Pregnancy and lactation
   Aluminum-containing antacids
Corticosteroid excess
   Cushing's syndrome or disease
   Steroid therapy
Other endocrine disorders
   Hypogonadism (e.g., Klinefelter's syndrome, Turner's syndrome, early oophorectomy)
   Thyrotoxicosis
   Acromegaly
   Hyperparathyroidism
   Hypopituitarism
   Diabetes mellitus
Inherited bone matrix abnormalities
   Homocystinuria
   Marfan's syndrome
   Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
   Osteogenesis imperfecta
   Menkes' syndrome
Rheumatoid arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Malignancy, especially
   Lymphoma
   Leukemia
   Multiple myeloma
   Waldenström's macroglobulinemia
   Systemic mastocytosis
   Carcinomatosis
Heparin therapy (chronic)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic acidosis (especially renal tubular acidosis, metabolic acidosis secondary to high-protein diet)
Alcoholism
Hepatic insufficiency, cirrhosis (alcoholic or other)
Methotrexate
Chronic anticonvulsant therapy
Chronic renal failure (renal osteodystrophy)
Paget's disease (with predominantly lytic lesions)
Juvenile (idiopathic)
Cystic fibrosis
Riley-Day syndrome
Menkes' syndrome
Down syndrome
Hypophosphatasia, adult variety
Female distance runners
Smoking

References

1. Raisy LG, et al: Metabolic Bone Disease. Endo 1998, p. 1225. See Bibliography, 4.
2. See Bibliography, 5.
3. Eastell R: Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. N Engl J Med   338(11):736–746, 1998.

*Low bone mass and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to enhanced bone fragility and increased fracture risk.

Source: Consensus Development Conference: Diagnosis, Prophylaxis, and Treatment of Osteoporosis. Am J Med   94:636–638, 1993.

Book Source Details

• Book Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
• Author(s): Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra
• Year of Publication: 1999
• Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

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Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 2008 Williams & Wilkins.

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More About This Book: Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis Authors: Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Copyright: 1999 ISBN: 0-78171-943-7

 » Next page: Primary malignant bone tumors (Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

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