Glossary for Breast symptoms

Medical terms related to Breast symptoms or mentioned in this section include:

• $14q+ syndrome$: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of genetic material from the long arm (q) of chromosome 14 resulting in various abnormalities.
• $17-$: A rare disorder characterized caused by an enzyme (17-ketosteroid reductase) defect only in the testes which results in a lack of testosterone which is needed during the fetal stage to give males there physical characteristics.
• $2q deletion$: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• $3?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency$: A ver rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia involving a deficiency of 3?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase which results in reduced production of adrenal steroids (mineralocorticoids, sex steroids and glucocorticoids). The disorder can occur in classical, non-salt wasting and late-onset varieties.
• $46,XX testicular DSD$: A sex chromosome disorder in males which affects gonadal development and causes infertility. Males have XX chromosomes instead of the normal XY.
• $46,XX testicular disorder of sex development$: A sex chromosome disorder in males which affects gonadal development and causes infertility. Males have XX chromosomes instead of the normal XY.
• $47,XXX syndrome$: A genetic condition where females have an extra X chromosome in each of their cells. Normally female cells have two X chromosomes. This is not usually an inherited condition but a defect that occurs during cell division. Often the condition is asymptomatic.
• AREDYLD: A rare condition characterized by abnormalities of the extremities, teeth, hair, nail and kidney as well as lipoatrophic diabetes.
• Ablepharon macrostomia syndrome: A rare disorder involving a number of mainly physical abnormalities.
• Abnormal number of nipples: More than or less than 2 the number of nipples on a persons body
• Acromegaly: An abnormal enlargement of the limbs due to increased secretion of growth hormone after the cessation of puberty
• Adenoid cystic carcionoma: Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast is a rare neoplasm. It has a biological course of slow progression and near absence of Iymph node metastasis.
• Adrenal Cancer: A malignant cancer that develops in the adrenal gland. The tumor may be nonfunctioning (does not produce hormones) or functioning in which case excessive levels of hormones can cause a variety of symptoms depending on which hormone is involved. Adrenal hormones made in the cortex (outer part of the gland) are aldosterone, corticosteroids and androgenic steroids. Adrenalin and noradrenalin are the hormones made in the medulla (central part of the adrenal gland).
• Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms: A tumor that develops in the adrenal gland. The tumor may be nonfunctioning (does not produce hormones) or functioning in which case excessive levels of hormones can cause a variety of symptoms depending on which hormone is involved. Adrenal hormones made in the cortex (outer part of the gland) are aldosterone, corticosteroids and androgenic steroids.
• Adrenal adenoma, familial: A benign tumor that develops in the adrenal gland and tends to run in families. The tumor may be nonfunctioning (does not produce hormones) or functioning in which case excessive levels of hormones can cause a variety of symptoms depending on which hormone is involved. Adrenal hormones made in the cortex (outer part of the gland) are aldosterone, corticosteroids and androgenic steroids . Adrenalin and noradrenalin are the hormones made in the medulla (central part of the adrenal gland).
• Adrenal gland hyperfunction: Excessive activity of the adrenal gland which causes excessive production of one or more adrenal hormones (aldosterone, corticosteroids, androgenic steroids, epinephrine and norepinephrine). The increased adrenal gland activity may be caused by an adrenal gland tumor or by excessive stimulation of the gland. Pituitary hormones stimulate adrenal gland activity.
• Adrenal incidentaloma: A tumor of the adrenal gland that is discovered incidentally while performing an imaging examination for reasons other than an adrenal tumor. The tumor may be asymptomatic or can causes excessive secretion of adrenal hormones and resulting symptoms. The tumor may also be malignant or benign.
• Adrenocortical carcinoma: A condition which is characterized by malignancy which affects the adrenocortex.
• Ahumada-Del Castillo Syndrome: A form of secondary amenorrhea often resulting from a pituitary gland tumor. The condition causes galactorrhea and amenorrhea even when the patient is not pregnant.
• Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: Females with male XY genetics but inability to respond to testosterone.
• Androgen insensitivity syndrome, partial: A rare inherited condition where males are partially insensitive to the male hormones which results in varying degrees of feminization. The effect of the condition can range from the presence of normal female sexual characteristics to normal male sexual characteristics or a combination of both.
• Angiosarcoma of the breast: A rare type of cancer that starts in the lining of blood vessels in the breast. It is generally an aggressive tumor which often metastasizes.
• Anterior pituitary hyperhormonotrophic syndrome: A syndrome characterized by the excessive production of various hormones (gonadotrophic, thyrotrophic, lactotrophic and pancreatrophic hormone).
• Areolar lesions: Lesions located at or around the areolar and nipple of the breast
• Bd syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by the association of mental retardation, small eyes and a movement disorder.
• Becker nevus syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by a pigmented hairy skin patch associated with skin, muscle or bone defects on the same side of the body as the skin lesion.
• Birth control pill poisoning: Birth control pill contain hormones such as estrogen and progestin and excessive ingestion of the pills can result in relatively minor symptoms - usually there are no serious problems associated with the ingested of many birth control pills at one time. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Bleeding nipple: Bleeding from the nipple
• Brachmann-De Lange Syndrome: A rare congenital disorder characterized by very small stature, synophrys, thin downturning upper lip and micromelia.
• Breast Duct Papilloma: Tumour of the collecting duct of the breast; may be benign or malignant.
• Breast Ulcer: is a breach in the lining epithelium which can occur on the nipple, areola or the breast itself
• Breast abscess: The presence of an abscess which has formed within the breast
• Breast blueness: A blue discolouration on the breast or breasts
• Breast bruise: A haematoma that occurs on the back.
• Breast burning sensation: A burning sensation located in the breast
• Breast cancer: A condition which is characterized by the presence of malignant tissue within breast tissue
• Breast cancer stages: 0, I, II, III, IV: Cancer stage is based on the size of the tumor, whether the cancer is invasive or non-invasive, whether lymph nodes are involved, and whether the cancer has spread beyond the breast.

  Stage 0- is used to describe non-invasive breast cancers, such as DCIS and LCIS. In stage 0, there is no evidence of cancer cells or non-cancerous abnormal cells breaking out of the part of the breast in which they started, or of getting through to or invading neighboring normal tissue.

  Stage 1- describes invasive breast cancer (cancer cells are breaking through to or invading neighboring normal tissue) in which the tumor measures up to 2 centimeters and no lymph nodes are involved.

  Stage 2- Stage 2 is divided into subcategories known as 2A and 2B.

  Stage 2A- No tumor can be found in the breast, but cancer cells are found in the axillary lymph nodes (the lymph nodes under the arm).

  Stage 2B- the tumor is larger than 2 but no larger than 5 centimeters and has spread to the axillary lymph nodes.

  Stage 3- Stage III is divided into subcategories known as IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC.

  Stage 3A- no tumor is found in the breast. Cancer is found in axillary lymph nodes that are clumped together or sticking to other structures, or cancer may have spread to lymph nodes near the breastbone.

  Stage 3B- the tumor may be any size and has spread to the chest wall and/or skin of the breast

  Stage 3C- there may be no sign of cancer in the breast or, if there is a tumor, it may be any size and may have spread to the chest wall and/or the skin of the breast, and the cancer has spread to lymph nodes above or below the collarbone.

  Stage 4- the cancer has spread to other organs of the body -- usually the lungs, liver, bone, or brain.

• Breast coldness: A cold sensation occurring on the breast or breasts
• Breast dimpling: Puckering or retraction of the skin on the breast.
• Breast discomfort: A feeling of discomfort located anatomically in the breast
• Breast itch: A sensation that causes a desire to scratch the skin of the breast
• Breast lump: Lump in the breast or on the skin area
• Breast mass: it can be defined as any new or unusual sense that the tissue in the breast is more solid and organized than it was before
• Breast numbness: A loss of sensation located at or around the breasts
• Breast pain: Pain in or near the breasts (mastodynia)
• Breast paresthesia's/ tingling: A loss of sensation located at or around the breast
• Breast rash: An eruption on the skin of the back.
• Breast spasm: A sudden involuntary contraction of the muscles of the breast.
• Breast swelling: Swelling or enlargement of one or both breasts
• Breast symptoms: Any symptom affecting one or both breasts.
• Breast symptoms in pregnancy: Breast symptoms in pregnancy usually refers to soreness in the breasts including the nipples, and is common. On some occasions the pain may not arise from the breast. Other breast symptoms such as change in size and colour of the areolae also occur in normal pregnancy.
• Breast tenderness: A feeling of tenderness located anatomically in the breast
• Breast tingling/ paresthesias: A tingling and numbness located in the breast
• Breast warmth: breast warmth is seen in the following conditions
• Breast weakness: A weakness located in the breast
• Brugsch's syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by small hands and feet as well as thickened skin on the hands, feet, scalp and face.
• CDG syndrome (generic term): Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. The main symptom in all the disorders is psychomotor retardation but other variable symptoms also occur depending on the subtype of the disorder.
• CDG syndrome type 1A: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 1A involves a phosphomannomutase enzyme defect and affects most body systems especially the nervous system and liver function.
• Camera-Marugo-Cohen syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, muscle weakness, obesity and an asymmetrical body.
• Cancer: Abnormal overgrowth of body cells.
• Candidiasis: Fungal infection of moist areas such as mouth or vagina
• Cat Eye Syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving abnormalities of chromosome 22 and characterized by coloboma of the iris, down-slanting palpebral fissures and anal atresia.
• Char syndrome: A very rare genetic disorder characterized mainly by an unusual facial appearance, abnormal little fingers and a heart abnormality.
• Chiari-Frommel syndrome: A hormonal disorder where a woman continues to produce milk even after the child has been weaned.
• Chromosome 1, uniparental disomy 1q12 q21: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 1 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 10p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is a deletion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 10 resulting in variable abnormalities.
• Chromosome 12, Isochromosome 12p Mosaic: A very rare disorder genetic disorder involving abnormalities in chromosome 12. The severity of symptoms is variable and tends to include a wide range of defects and abnormalities.
• Chromosome 12, trisomy 12q: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the long arm (q) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. In most cases, death occurs during infancy. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is duplicated.
• Chromosome 12p deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is a deletion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 12 resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 12p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is a deletion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 12 resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 12p tetrasomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are four copies of the short arm (p) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 12q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the long arm (q) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. In most cases, death occurs during infancy.
• Chromosome 13q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 13 is duplicated resulting in various physical, neurological and developmental abnormalities.
• Chromosome 15 trisomy: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from chromosome 15.
• Chromosome 16q, partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the lost genetic material.
• Chromosome 17, deletion 17q23 q24: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the lost genetic material.
• Chromosome 17p, partial duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the short arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 17q, partial duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 18q, partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 18. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the lost genetic material.
• Chromosome 19q, partial duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm of chromosome is triplicated. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the size of the duplicated genetic portion.
• Chromosome 1p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 1 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 2 trisomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of chromosome 2 instead of the normal two.
• Chromosome 2, monosomy 2q: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 22 Ring: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 22 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 22 trisomy mosaic: A rare chromosomal disorder where three copies of chromosome 22 are present in some of the body's cells instead of the normal two. Severity of symptoms is determined by how many cells have the extra chromosomal material.
• Chromosome 22, trisomy: A very rare disorder where there is an extra copy of chromosome 22 in all the body cells. The condition is usually fatal soon after birth or during the fetal stage.
• Chromosome 3, trisomy 3q: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (q) of chromosome 3 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two. The condition is characterized by mental and growth deficiency, broad nose root and excessive hair growth.
• Chromosome 4, trisomy 4p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome four is duplicated so there is three copies of it instead of the normal two.
• Chromosome 5p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of all or part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 5 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 8, monosomy 8q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 8, trisomy 8q: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 is duplicated resulting in variable abnormalities depending on the location and length of genetic material deleted.
• Chromosome 8p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 8 resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 8p inverted duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving the inverted duplication of the short arm (p) of chromosome 8 resulting in three copies of the genetic material instead of the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the duplication.
• Chromosome 8p mosaic tetrasomy: A rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the short arm of chromosome 8 is repeated four times in some of the body's cells instead of the normal two resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 8q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities depending on the location and length of missing genetic material.
• Chromosome 8q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 is duplicated resulting in variable abnormalities depending on the location and length of genetic material deleted.
• Chromosome 9, monosomy 9p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 9 is missing resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 9p tetrasomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is four copies of the short arm of chromosome 9 instead of the normal two resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 9q duplication/chromosome 9p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 9 is duplicated and part of the short arm (p) is deleted resulting in various abnormalities. These chromosomal abnormality occurs in only some of the body's cells (mosaicism).
• Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation Type Ia: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 1A involves a phosphomannomutase enzyme defect and affects most body systems especially the nervous system and liver function.
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency: A rare genetic condition involving deficiency of 17-alpha-hydroxylase which impairs androgen production by the testes and estrogen production by the ovaries. This results in lack of development of secondary sexual characteristics and hypertension as well as other anomalies.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1A: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 1A involves a phosphomannomutase enzyme defect and affects most body systems especially the nervous system and liver function.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1L: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type Il is caused by a defect on chromosome 11q23 and involves a defect in the ALG9 gene.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2A: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 2A has a GlcNAc transferase 2 enzyme defect.
• Cowden's syndrome: A rare hereditary condition characterized by multiple noncancerous nodules called hamartomas. Sufferers also face an increased risk of particular cancers.
• Cystosarcoma phyllodes: An aggressive type of malignant breast cancer.
• De la Chapelle syndrome: A sex chromosome disorder in males which affects gonadal development and causes infertility. Males have XX chromosomes instead of the normal XY.
• Deletion 2q: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Deletion 8q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Ductal ectasia: Dilation and inflammation of the mammary duct.
• Duplication 12q: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the long arm (q) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. In most cases, death occurs during infancy. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is duplicated.
• Duplication 8q: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 is duplicated resulting in variable abnormalities depending on the location and length of genetic material deleted.
• Dysmenorrhea: Excessive menstrual-like cramping pain
• Ectodermal dysplasia - mental retardation - central nervous system malformation: A rare syndrome characterized by severe mental retardation, hypothyroidism, abnormal brain development and hair, teeth and nail abnormalities.
• Empty sella syndrome - acquired: A disorder where the bony structure surrounding the pituitary gland (sella) appears to be empty except for the cerebrospinal fluid - often results from radiation, surgery or injury which causes the pituitary gland to shrink.
• Empty sella syndrome - primary: A rare inherited disorder where the bony structure surrounding the pituitary gland (sella) appears to be empty as the pituitary gland is flattened due to a defect. It is instead filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
• Erythrasma: A condition where there is a bacterial skin infection that is located in the armpits or the groin
• Faciothoracogenital syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by facial, chest and genital abnormalities.
• Familial supernumerary nipples: A rare inherited anomaly where the patient has an extra nipple. Sometimes urinary tract and kidney anomalies are also present.
• Female reproductive toxicity: There is mounting evidence which indicates that exposure to certain agents may produce adverse reproductive or fetal developmental effects. The possible range of effects includes reduced fertility, low birth weight, childhood cancer, spontaneous abortion and birth defects. Agents which may be implicated in these adverse effects includes anticancer drugs, carbon disulfide, carbon monoxide, lead, pesticides, organic solvents and tobacco smoke.
• Feminisation: Female-like physical changes in males
• Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome: A rare disorder caused by fetal exposure to phenytoin (anticonvulsant drug) and resulting in various abnormalities.
• Fetal warfarin syndrome: A rare disorder caused by fetal exposure to warfarin (anticoagulant) and resulting in physical, neurological and mental abnormalities.
• Fever: Raised body temperature usually with other symptoms.
• Fibroadenoma: Benign tumor containing fibrous tissues and glands (common in breasts)
• Fibrocystic breasts: The development of benign fluid-filled cysts in the breasts as well as scar-like tissue. The cysts can make breast cancer examinations more difficult.
• Fibromatosis gingival - hypertrichosis: A rare disorder characterized by excessive growth of body hair and enlarged gums.
• Forbes-Albright syndrome: A rare condition where a hormone secreting pituitary or hypothalamic tumor causes galactorrhea and amenorrhea.
• Fraser Syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by the absence of one or both eyes as well as any of a number of other possible congenital abnormalities. Up to half of cases are stillborn.
• Fryns-Aftimos syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal brain development, epilepsy, mental retardation and unusual facial appearance.
• Galactocele: A milk filled cyst caused by a blocked mammary duct.
• Galactorrhea: This is where there is an excessive or spontaneous flow of milk from the female breast
• Galactorrhoea-Hyperprolactinaemia: Increased blood prolactin levels associated with galactorrhea (abnormal milk secretion). It may be caused by such things as certain medications, pituitary disorders and thyroid disorders. The condition can occur in males as well as females.
• Genée-Wiedemann syndrome: An extremely rare birth disorder characterized by mental retardation and a variety of physical defects.
• Giant mammary hamartoma: A rare benign type of tumor-like breast growth. The breast lumps usually cause no pain and are made up of fat, fibrous tissue and glandular tissue.
• Gigantomastia: A rare disorder where one or both breasts grow to abnormally large proportions. The growth usually occurs during hormonal changes such as occurs with puberty, birth and pregnancy.
• Ginseng overuse: Excessive use of ginseng can cause symptoms.
• Gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty: A rare disorder affecting females where premature puberty occurs due to premature release of gonadotropin hormones.
• Gordan-Overstreet syndrome: A rare variant of Turner syndrome.
• Gynecomastia: The aggregation of breast tissue excessively in a male that leads to the appearance of breasts
• Halal Setton Wang syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by eye, teeth, nail and skin abnormalities.
• Hanhart syndrome type I: A rare genetic disorder characterized by retarded growth, impaired libido, distinctive facial features, delayed puberty and excess fatty deposits in breast and abdominal area.
• Hanhart syndrome type II: A rare genetic disorder characterized by retarded growth, distinctive facial features, delayed puberty, excess fatty deposits in breast and abdominal area, small jaw , small tongue, hand and foot deformities and missing teeth.
• Heller-Nelson syndrome: A variant of Klinefelter syndrome (extra X chromosome in most cells) involving a range of abnormalities.
• Hemochromatosis: Excess of iron leading to problems with joints, liver, heart and pancreas.
• Hepatocellular carcinoma (fibrolamellar variant): A rare form of liver cancer. The prognosis for this variant of hepatocellular cancer is better than for hepatocellular cancer.
• Hodgkin's Disease: A form of cancer that affects the lymphatic system.
• Holoprosencephaly, recurrent infections, and monocytosis: A rare syndrome characterized by recurring infections and a brain anomaly. Death usually occurs during the first years of life due to sepsis.
• Hydatidiform mole: A rare condition where an abnormal union between an egg and a sperm results in the formation of grape-like cysts instead of a baby. The growth is not malignant.
• Hyperadrenalism: Excessive levels of adrenal hormones in the body. Symptoms depend on which hormone is involved and the degree of involvement. Adrenal hormones are aldosterone, corticosteroids, androgenic steroids, epinephrine and norepinephrine.
• Hyperandrogenism: Excessive levels of androgen (male sex hormones) that can occur in males and females.
• Hyperprolactinemia: High levels of prolactin in the blood.
• Hypogonadism - mitral valve prolapse - mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a heart disorder, hypogonadism and mental retardation.
• Hypomelanosis of Ito: A rare genetic neurocutaneous disorder characterized by unusual patterns of depigmented skin and associated disorders such as seizures, psychomotor retardation and eye abnormalities.
• Inflammatory breast cancer: Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare and aggressive form of invasive breast cancer, where the skin of the breast becomes red, inflamed and pitted in appearance.
• Intellectual deficit - cataracts - calcified pinnae - myopathy: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, cataracts, muscle disease and calcified ear cartilage. The muscle wasting starts in the lower legs and eventually involves the small hand muscles.
• Intertrigo: This is an erythematous skin condition which occurs in areas where there is apposition of the skin surfaces
• Invasive breast cancer: Invasive breast cancers usually are epithelial tumors of ductal or lobular origin. Features such as size, status of surgical margin, estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), nuclear and histologic grade, DNA content, S-phase fraction, vascular invasion, tumor necrosis, and quantity of intraductal component are all important in deciding on a course of treatment for any breast tumor.
• Invasive ductal carcinoma: Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), sometimes called infiltrating ductal carcinoma, is the most common type of breast cancer. About 80% of all breast cancers are invasive ductal carcinomas.
• Inverted nipple/nipple retraction: The inversion or restraction of ones nipples from their usual position
• Kennerknecht syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by absent gonads, mental retardation, short stature, retarded bone age and heart abnormalities. The observed cases involved a family whose parents were related.
• Kennerknecht-Sorgo-Oberhoffer syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by absent gonads and an underdeveloped right side of the heart.
• Klinefelter syndrome: A genetic condition where males have at least one extra X chromosome or extra copies of both the X and Y chromosomes in each cell. Normally male cells contain one X and one Y chromosome in each cell. The condition is not inherited but is a result of problems during cell division. Klinefelter syndrome variants is a more severe form of the condition as it involves more than one extra X or X and Y chromosome in each cell.
• Klinefelter syndrome, variants: A genetic condition where males have at least one extra X chromosome or extra copies of both the X and Y chromosomes in each cell. Normally male cells contain one X and one Y chromosome in each cell. The condition is not inherited but is a result of problems during cell division.
• Lactation in females:
• Lactotroph adenoma: A benign pituitary tumor that secretes excessive prolactin which can affect the functioning of the reproductive system - testes and ovaries. The tumor may also grow large enough to compress adjacent structures such as the eye nerves.
• Li-Fraumeni syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized by tumor development by young adulthood.
• Liver symptoms: Symptoms affecting the liver
• Locally advanced breast cancer:
• Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, deficiency of, with ataxia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by insufficient sex hormone production and impaired balance and coordination due to nervous system dysfunction.
• Lymphatic Filariasis: Parasitic worm infection of the lympatic system
• MacDermot-Winter syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head, underdeveloped genitalia and a protrusion of the area between the eyes (glabella).
• Male Breast Cancer: Cancer of the breast in males.
• Male breast enlargement: An enlargement of the male breast tissue
• Male breast pain:
• Mastalgia: Pain that is located in the breast
• Mastitis: Infected breast common in nursing mothers
• Mastodynia: Pain that is located in the breast
• McCune-Albright Syndrome: A rare genetic multisystem disorder characterized by abnormal skin pigmentation and endocrine gland dysfunction and replacement of parts of bone tissue with fibrous material.
• McKusick-Kaufman syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by hydrometrocolpos (fluid buildup in vagina and uterus), extra fingers and congenital heart defects.
• Medullary carcionoma: Medullary carcinoma of the breast is a variant of breast cancer. These tumors have a similar presentation to other breast cancers but are distinguished by a characteristic histologic appearance.
• Mental retardation - gynecomastia - obesity, X-linked: A very rare X-linked syndrome characterized mainly by the associated of mental retardation, enlarged male breasts and obesity.
• Mental retardation X-linked syndromic 7: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, obesity, hypogonadism and tapered fingers.
• Mental retardation athetosis microphthalmia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by the association of mental retardation, small eyes and a movement disorder.
• Mental retardation cataracts calcified pinnae myopathy: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, cataracts, muscle disease and calcified ear cartilage. The muscle wasting starts in the lower legs and eventually involves the small hand muscles.
• Mental retardation, X-linked - gynecomastia - obesity: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, enlarged male breasts, speech problems and other anomalies. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Metaplastic carcinoma: Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast is a rare neoplasm containing a mixture of epithelial and mesenchymal elements.
• Metastatic breast cancer: Metastatic breast cancer is the term used to describe cancer that has spread from the original site in the breast to other organs or tissues in the body.
• Microcephaly - seizures - mental retardation - heart disorders: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head, seizures, mental retardation and heart disorders.
• Micropapillary carcinoma: Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare subtype of epithelial tumor of the breast. It has a high incidence of axillary lymph node metastasis, in keeping with an angioinvasive phenotype. IMPC was considered an aggressive subtype of breast carcinoma.
• Nipple Blueness: Blue discoloration of the nipple
• Nipple Bruise: Bruising occurring on or around the nipple.
• Nipple Coldness: Cold sensation felt in the nipple.
• Nipple abnormality: Abnormality in the sensation, texture or appearance of the nipples, or unusual associated symptoms such as bleeding or discharge
• Nipple conditions: Any condition that affects the nipples
• Nipple discharge: Discharge of fluid or milk from one or both breasts
• Nipple itch: A sensation leading to a feeling of wanting to scratch in the area of the nipple.
• Nipple lump: Lump felt in or behind the nipple
• Nipple lump (male): Nipple swelling or lump in a male
• Nipple pain:
• Nipple rash: Rash occurring on or around the nipple.
• Nipple swelling: Swelling that occurs at the nipples
• Nipple symptoms: Any symptom affecting the nipple.
• Obal syndrome: The association of eye problems with severe malnutrition. The condition occurred frequently in soldiers, prisoners of war and people in concentration camps.
• Odonto onycho dysplasia with alopecia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by tooth, nail and hair abnormalities.
• Ossified Ear cartilages with Mental deficiency, Muscle Wasting and Bony Changes: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, cataracts, muscle disease and calcified ear cartilage. The muscle wasting starts in the lower legs and eventually involves the small hand muscles.
• PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome: PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome is a group of conditions caused by a mutation in the PTEN gene. The primary characteristic of the condition is the development of multiple hamartomas (tumor-like growth) in virtually any part of the body. The growths are generally not cancerous but patients often have an increased risk of developing various cancers. Specific conditions covered by this term are Cowden syndrome, BAnnayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba Syndrome and Proteus syndrome.
• Pachydermoperiostosis: A rare genetic ectodermal disorder characterized by thick coarse skin and limb clubbing.
• Paget's Disease: Breast carcinoma involving nipple and areola.
• Painful breast and nipple: The occurrence of pain in the breast and nipple
• Painful, Cracked nipples: A condition which is characterized by painful nipples where the skin is cracked
• Pallister Killian Mosaic Syndrome: Pallister Killian Mosaic Syndrome is a very rare disorder genetic disorder involving abnormalities in chromosome 12. The severity of symptoms is variable and tends to include a wide range of defects and abnormalities.
• Pallister Mosaic Syndrome Tetrasomy 12p: A very rare disorder genetic disorder involving abnormalities in chromosome 12. The severity of symptoms is variable and tends to include a wide range of defects and abnormalities.
• Pena-Shokeir syndrome Type 2: A rare progressive congenital syndrome involving degeneration of the brain and spinal cord and characterized by facial, head, skeletal and muscular abnormalities as well as eye abnormalities.
• Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome: A hereditary disorder involving the presence of numerous polyps in the lining of the small intestine and pigmentation around the lips, inside the mouth and on the palms and soles.
• Pituitary Cancer: Cancer of the pituitary gland.
• Pituitary tumors, adult: A benign or cancer tumor that develops in the tissue of the pituitary gland in adults. The pituitary gland produces various hormones and some pituitary tumors (functioning tumors) can affect the secretion of one or more of these hormones resulting in a range of symptoms depending on the exact location of the tumor. Some pituitary tumors do not affect hormone production (nonfunctioning tumors).
• Pre-invasive breast cancer:
• Pregnancy symptoms: Symptoms related to pregnancy.
• Premature breast development: Breast development occurring before the expected age.
• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a diagnosis used to indicate serious premenstrual distress with associated deterioration in functioning.
• Premenstrual syndrome: A collection of symptoms that some women suffer that occurs directly before menstruation
• Primrose Syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, cataracts, muscle disease and calcified ear cartilage. The muscle wasting starts in the lower legs and eventually involves the small hand muscles.
• Progressive Spinobulbar muscular atrophy: Genetic disease affecting nerves and muscles
• Prolactinoma: Benign cancer of the pituitary gland producing prolactin.
• Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia: A rare harmless type of breast tumor.
• Pseudohermaphroditism male with gynecomastia: A rare disorder characterized caused by an enzyme (17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isozyme 3) deficiency which results in a lack of testosterone which is needed during the fetal stage to give males there physical characteristics. The result is that males are born with ambiguous or feminine external genitals.
• Radiation induced angiosarcoma of the breast: A rare form of malignant breast tumor that occurs after exposure to radiation. Radiation is used to treat a variety of conditions such as cancer. The tumor can develop years or even decades after the exposure.
• Retinis pigmentosa - deafness - hypogenitalism: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by progressive retinal damage, deafness and genital anomalies.
• Retinitis pigmentosa, deafness, mental retardation, hypogonadism: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, reduced hormone production by the testes or ovaries, deafness and vision problems.
• Ring D2 chromosome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 2 is deleted and the two ends rejoin to form a ring. The condition results in the absence of thumbs, mental and physical retardation, toe and head abnormalities and distinctive facial features.
• Salvioli syndrome: A rare inherited form of bone disease.
• Scabies: Mite infection of the skin common in institutions.
• Schinzel Giedion Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by many skeletal and genital anomalies, unusual face, mental retardation and kidney malformations.
• Secretory breast carcinoma: A slow-growing type of breast cancer that can occur in males and females as well as children.
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Various diseases spread by sexual contact.
• Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by accelerated growth and other defects.
• Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, type 1 (SGBS1): A rare genetic disorder characterized by accelerated growth, a peculiar face and other defects.
• Sohval-Soffer syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, hypogonadism and skeletal abnormalities.
• Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A rare condition characterized by progressive degeneration of the spinal and brainstem motor neurons. During fetal development excess primary neurons are formed. The body automatically destroys the extra primary neurons so that only some survive and mature into neurons. In spinal muscular dystrophy, the process that destroys the excess primary neurons doesn't switch off and continues destroying the neurons resulting in progressive motor problems. Various types of the condition range from mild to severe enough to cause death within a couple of years of birth.
• Summitt syndrome: A very rare genetic disorder abnormalities of the head, hands and feet as well as obesity.
• Supernumerary nipples: A rare congenital condition where a person is born with more than two nipples.
• Tang Hsi Ryu syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by enlarged liver and spleen, increased pigmentation and abnormal peripheral nerve functioning.
• Tricho-odonto-onychial dysplasia: A very rare syndrome characterized by abnormal skull calcification, reduced scalp hair and nail and tooth enamel abnormalities.
• Tuffli-Laxova syndrome: A rare disorder characterized tooth, nail and skin abnormalities as well as an adrenal cyst.
• Turner Syndrome: Rare chromosome syndrome with one X but no second X or Y chromosome.
• Unusual facies, macrocephaly, aplasia of corpus callosum, seizures, hypertrichosis, claw hands and overlapping fingers: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by a large head, unusual facial appearance, seizures, excessive hair growth, claw hands, overlapping fingers and abnormal brain structure.
• Unusual facies, short webbed neck, mental retardation, short stature: A rare syndrome characterized by an unusual facial appearance, short webbed neck, mental retardation and short stature
• Unusual production of breast milk: The unusual production of breast milk
• Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome: A condition involving premature menstruation and abnormal milk production in children who suffer from severe hypothyroidism.
• Vasquez Hurst Sotos syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by underdeveloped genitals, obesity, mental retardation and skeletal abnormalities.
• Vitamin B6 - adverse effects: Regular use of large doses of vitamin B6 supplements can cause adverse effects.
• Weaver Syndrome: A syndrome that is considered a variant of the Marshall-Smith syndrome
• Wilson-Turner X-linked mental retardation: A condition that is characterised by mental retardation with gynecomastia and obesity
• XX male syndrome: A sex chromosome disorder in males which affects gonadal development and causes infertility. Males have XX chromosomes instead of the normal XY.
• Zuskas Disease: A metaplastic condition that affects the lactiferous ducts of the breast

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