...
Is the dyspnea acute? If the dyspnea is acute onset, one should ask if there is a drug history, particularly a history of mainlining narcotics. If ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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... Wheezing is classically due to bronchial asthma, but there is a danger in jumping to that conclusion because it occurs in a few other conditions as well. The wheezing of bronchial... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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...
Is there excessive snoring? Excessive snoring would indicate obstructive sleep apnea from large tonsils, deviated nasal septum, cleft palate, other abnormalities, and obesity. ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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...
Dyspnea is defined as an abnormally uncomfortable awareness of breathing. It is one of the cardinal symptoms of cardiac and pulmonary disease, but may also result from abnormalities of the chest wall, neurologic disorders, and... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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...
Tachypnea is defined as an increase in the normal respiratory rate. The normal respiratory rate varies with age (24–38 respirations per minute for children <1 year of>... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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...
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is defined as severe difficulty breathing or air hunger that awakens the patient from sleep (usually 1–3 hours after lying down) and forces them to a sitting or standing position... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Stridor is characterized by a high-pitched grating sound on inhalation or exhalation, but it is caused by narrowing or obstruction of the upper airway. Wheezing is a high-pitched... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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...
Apnea is defined as the cessation of breathing; how long a pause is physiologically significant depends on age. History will often be more helpful than physical exam. Central apnea refers... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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...
Dyspnea is defined as “shortness of breath,” so it is important to determine the effect of activity on breathing. Worsening when supine does not reliably differentiate left-sided... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Tachypnea is defined as rapid breathing. The younger the child, the faster the average respiratory rate, and the wider the acceptable range of normal. The average newborn may breathe anywhere between 30 and... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Breath sounds are made by air flow through airways. Normally they are fairly quiet and somewhat louder during inspiration as air flows toward the stethoscope. Wheezing is defined as continuous breath... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... Dyspnea is the subjective feeling of rapid or difficult breathing. The patient will often say, “I can’t get my breath!” Tachypnea is the objective finding of a
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... Nurses frequently become distressed and summon the intern during the night about these signs. Cheyne–Stokes respirations are a frequent source of bewilderment because they may
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... The differential diagnosis of sleep apnea may be arrived at by utilizing both physiology and anatomy. Normal sleep requires an unobstructed pathway from the nasopharynx to the lung and an intact central nervous system that
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Apnea
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
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... Apnea, the cessation of spontaneous respiration, is occasionally temporary and self-limiting, as occurs during Cheyne-Stokes and Biot’s respirations. More commonly, however, it’s... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Commonly preceding life-threatening apnea or respiratory arrest, bradypnea is a pattern of regular respirations with a rate of fewer than 10 breaths/minute. This sign results from neurologic and metabolic disorders and drug... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Typically a symptom of cardiopulmonary dysfunction, dyspnea is the sensation of difficult or uncomfortable breathing. It's usually reported as shortness of breath. Its severity varies greatly and is usually... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Hyperpnea indicates increased respiratory effort for a sustained period — a normal rate (at least 12 breaths/minute) with increased depth (a tidal volume greater than 7.5 ml/kg), an increased rate (more... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... A cardinal sign of respiratory distress in infants and children, retractions are visible indentations of the soft tissue covering the chest wall. They may be suprasternal (directly above the sternum... Emergency interventions
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... A common sign of cardiopulmonary disorders, tachypnea is an abnormally fast respiratory rate — 20 or more breaths/minute. Tachypnea may reflect the need to increase minute... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
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... Typically dramatic and terrifying to the patient, this sign refers to an attack of dyspnea that abruptly awakens the patient. Common findings include diaphoresis, coughing, wheezing, and chest discomfort. The attack abates after the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Wheezes are adventitious breath sounds with a high-pitched, musical, squealing, creaking, or groaning quality. They are caused by air flowing at a high velocity through a narrowed airway. When they originate in... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Acute
Pleuropulmonary causes
Obstructive lung disease
Asthma
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... Asthma
Extrinsic
Intrinsic
Exercise- or cold-induced
Drug-induced
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Apnea
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... Apnea, the cessation of spontaneous respiration, is occasionally temporary and self-limiting, as in Cheyne-Stokes and Biot’s respirations. In most cases, though, it’s a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Bradypnea
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... Commonly preceding life-threatening apnea or respiratory arrest, bradypnea is a pattern of regular respirations with a rate of fewer than 10 breaths/minute. This sign may result from neurologic or metabolic disorders or a drug overdose, all... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Dyspnea
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... Typically a symptom of cardiopulmonary dysfunction, dyspnea is the sensation of difficult or uncomfortable breathing. It’s usually described as shortness of breath. Its severity varies greatly and is usually unrelated to the... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Hyperpnea
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... Hyperpnea indicates increased respiratory effort for a sustained period—a normal rate (at least 12 breaths/minute) with increased depth (a tidal volume greater than 7.5 ml/kg), an increased rate (more than 20 breaths/minute) with normal... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... A cardinal sign of respiratory distress in infants and children, retractions are visible indentations of the soft tissue covering the chest wall. They may be suprasternal (directly above the sternum and... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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Tachypnea
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... A common sign of cardiopulmonary disorders, tachypnea is an abnormally fast respiratory rate—20 or more breaths/minute. Tachypnea may reflect the need to increase minute volume... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Typically dramatic and terrifying to the patient, this sign refers to an attack of dyspnea that abruptly awakens the patient. Common findings include diaphoresis, coughing, wheezing, and... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Wheezes are adventitious breath sounds with a high-pitched, musical, squealing, creaking, or groaning quality. They’re caused by air flowing at a high velocity through a narrowed airway. When they originate in the large... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Wheezing
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Thomas C. Bent
Wheezing is one of the most common respiratory complaints to present to primary care physicians. Although most often caused by asthma or chronic... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
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Shortness of Breath
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Robert M. Theal
Shortness of breath, or dyspnea, accounts for 3.7% of all visits to medical clinics (1).
Approach The initial history, physical examination, and chest x-ray (CXR) study... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
Wheezing
❑ Asthma
❑ Reactive airways disease
❑ Pulmonary edema
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Asthma
❑ COPD exacerbation
❑ Left heart failure
❑ Pneumonia ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
❑ Congestive heart failure
❑ Asthma
❑ Recurrent... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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Apnea
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
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... Apnea is the cessation of spontaneous respiration and is usually a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate intervention to prevent death. It may occur as a temporary... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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Bradypnea
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
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... Commonly preceding life-threatening apnea or respiratory arrest, bradypnea is a pattern of regular respirations with a rate of less than 10 breaths/minute. This sign results from neurologic and metabolic disorders and drug overdose,... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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Dyspnea
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
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... Typically a symptom of cardiopulmonary dysfunction, dyspnea is the sensation of difficult or uncomfortable breathing. It’s usually reported as shortness of breath. Its severity varies... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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Hyperpnea
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
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... Hyperpnea indicates increased respiratory effort for a sustained period — a normal rate (at least 12 breaths/minute) with increased depth (a tidal volume greater than 7.5 ml/kg), an increased rate (more than... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... A cardinal sign of respiratory distress in infants and in children, retractions are visible indentations of the soft tissue covering the chest wall. They may be suprasternal (directly above the sternum and clavicles),... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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Tachypnea
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
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... A common sign of cardiopulmonary disorders, tachypnea is an abnormally fast respiratory rate — 20 or more breaths/minute. Tachypnea may reflect the need to increase minute volume — the amount of air breathed each minute.... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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Wheezing
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
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... Wheezes are adventitious breath sounds with a high-pitched, musical, squealing, creaking, or groaning quality. They’re caused by air flowing at a high velocity through a... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Commonly preceding life-threatening apnea or respiratory arrest, bradypnea is a pattern of regular respirations with a rate of less than 10 breaths/minute. This sign results from neurologic and metabolic disorders and... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Dyspnea
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
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... Typically a symptom of cardiopulmonary dysfunction, dyspnea is the sensation of difficult or uncomfortable breathing. It’s usually reported as shortness of breath. Its severity... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... The typical patient with hyperpnea breathes at a normal or increased rate and inhales deeply, displaying marked chest expansion. He may complain of shortness of breath if a respiratory disorder is causing hypoxemia, or he may not be... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... A cardinal sign of respiratory distress in infants and children, retractions are visible indentations of the soft tissue covering the chest wall. They may be suprasternal (directly above the sternum and clavicles... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... A common sign of cardiopulmonary disorders, tachypnea is an abnormally fast respiratory rate — 20 or more breaths/minute. Tachypnea may reflect the need to increase minute... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Wheezes are adventitious breath sounds with a high-pitched, musical, squealing, creaking, or groaning quality. Also known as sibilant rhonchi, they’re caused by air flowing at a high velocity through a narrowed... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Wheezing
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
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...Wheezing is a high-pitched musical soundthat is usually produced by narrowing of the segmental bronchi andbronchioles. May be heard during inspiration, expiration, or both. Principal Causes of Wheezing ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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...Signs of respiratory distress include tachypnea,dyspnea, nasal flaring, grunting, retractions, and cyanosis. Apneais an extreme form of respiratory distress. Respiratory distress(neonatal and postneonatal) is... Principal Causes of Respiratory Distress (Neonatal) ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Respiratory Distress (Neonatal) ... Principal Causes of Respiratory Distress (Postneonatal) ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Respiratory Distress (Postneonatal) ... Diagnostic Approach: Respiratory Distress ... Principal Causes of Apnea ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Apnea ... Diagnostic Approach: Apnea ... References
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... Apnea, the cessation of spontaneous respiration, is occasionally temporary and self-limiting, as occurs during Cheyne-Stokes and Biot's respirations. More commonly, it's a life-threatening emergency that requires... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Commonly preceding life-threatening apnea or respiratory arrest, bradypnea is a pattern of regular respirations with a rate of fewer than 10 breaths/minute. This sign results from... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Typically a symptom of cardiopulmonary dysfunction, dyspnea is the sensation of difficult or uncomfortable breathing. It's usually reported as shortness of breath. Its severity varies greatly and is usually unrelated to the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... Hyperpnea indicates increased respiratory effort for a sustained period—a normal rate (at least 12 breaths/minute) with increased depth (a tidal volume greater than 7.5 ml/kg), an increased rate (more than... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... A cardinal sign of respiratory distress in infants and children, retractions are visible indentations of the soft tissue covering the chest wall. They may be suprasternal (directly above the sternum and clavicles),... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... A common sign of cardiopulmonary disorders, tachypnea is an abnormally fast respiratory rate—greater than 20 breaths/minute. Tachypnea may reflect the need to increase minute volume—the amount of air breathed... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... Typically dramatic and terrifying to the patient, this sign refers to an attack of dyspnea that abruptly awakens the patient. Common findings include diaphoresis, coughing, wheezing, and chest discomfort. The... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... Wheezes are adventitious breath sounds with a high-pitched, musical, squealing, creaking, or groaning quality. They're caused by air flowing at a high velocity through a narrowed... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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...
Dyspnea is the subjective feeling of rapid or difficult
breathing. The patient will often say, “I can’t get my breath!”
Tachypnea is... Pictures
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...
Nurses frequently become distressed and summon the intern during the
night about these signs. Cheyne–Stokes respirations are a frequent source
of bewilderment because they may occur at times with no... Pictures
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...
The differential diagnosis of sleep apnea may be arrived at by
utilizing both physiology and anatomy. Normal sleep
requires an unobstructed pathway from the nasopharynx to the lung and an
intact... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
