Acute Confusional State or Coma, or Both*
Usually No Lateralizing Signs, Normal Brainstem Reflexes
Drug withdrawal after chronic intoxication, especially
Alcohol
Barbiturates
Other sedatives
Drug intoxication, especially
Atropine
Amphetamines
Barbiturates and other neuroleptics
Bromides
Caffeine
Carbon monoxide
Corticosteroids
Lithium
Metoclopramide
Narcotics
Scopolamine
Tricyclic antidepressants
Infectious illness, especially
Septicemia
Meningitis
Pneumonia
Typhoid fever
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Rheumatic fever
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Central nervous system disorders
Bilateral subdural hematoma
Cerebrovascular disease (especially involving parietal or temporal lobes or upper brainstem)
Viral encephalitis (nonherpetic)
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Hydrocephalus
Head trauma (e.g., concussion)
Seizures and postictal state
Fat embolism
Migraine
Carcinomatosis meningitis
Hysterical coma or catatonia
Metabolic causes
Pancreatitis
Hyperviscosity syndrome
Adrenal insufficiency
Hyponatremia or hypernatremia
Hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia
Hypomagnesemia or hypermagnesemia
Hypophosphatemia or hyperphosphatemia
Hypokalemia or hyperkalemia
Hypoxia
Hypercarbia
Congestive heart failure and other hypoperfusion states
Hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
Hepatic encephalopathy
Uremia
Hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism
Wernicke's disease
Porphyria
Severe metabolic acidosis or alkalosis
Severe hyperthermia or hypothermia
Hypo-osmolality or hyperosmolality
Hypertensive encephalopathy
Reye's syndrome
Febrile illness
Acute psychosis (e.g., postoperative, postpartum)
Preexisting dementia with superimposed stress
Usually with Lateralizing Signs, Normal
Brainstem Reflexes
Intracerebral hemorrhage
Large cerebral infarction with edema
Herpesvirus encephalitis
Subdural or epidural hematoma or empyema
Tumor (especially with edema)
Brain abscess with edema
Vasculitis with infarction
Metabolic encephalopathy with preexisting focal lesion
Pituitary apoplexy
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
Focal seizure or postictal state
Cerebellar or Brainstem Lesion
with Multiple Abnormal Reflexes
Hemorrhage
Neoplasm
Infarct
Contusion
Abscess
Demyelination
Encephalitis
Migraine of basilar artery
Severe drug overdose
*Modified from Wilson JD, et al. (eds): Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14/e. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998, p. 133.
Book Source Details
- Book Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
- Author(s): Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra
- Year of Publication: 1999
- Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Other Book Chapters Related to Catatonia
Read excerpts from these other book chapters related to Catatonia:
Medical Books Excerpts
- COMA
- "Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs" (2003)
- [ read ]
- Coma
- "In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms" (2007)
- [ read ]
- Coma
- "The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter" (2000)
- [ read ]
- Coma
- "Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis" (2007)
- [ read ]
Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 2008 Williams & Wilkins.
More About Causes of Catatonia
» Next page:
Coma (The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
Rate This Website
What do you think about the features of this website?
Take our user survey and have your say:
Website User Survey
Medical Tools & Articles:
Next articles:
Tools & Services:
Medical Articles:
Forums & Message Boards
- Ask or answer a question at the Boards:
