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Is there associated fever? Delirium with fever may simply indicate a self-limited infectious process, but it should bring to mind encephalitis and meningitis as well as cerebral ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there a history of drug or alcohol ingestion? Chronic barbiturate intoxication, ergotism, and other psychotropic or antidepressant drugs may cause ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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An acute confusional state caused by a disturbance in global cortical function. Features include disturbance of consciousness, change in cognition, fluctuations of symptoms, and evidence that the condition is... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Dementia is a syndrome of premature neuronal death in focal brain regions. More than 50 illnesses may cause dementia. It affects 1% of the population by age 60, and this prevalence doubles every 5 years to... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Delirium is an alteration in consciousness that can be associated with hallucinations, disorientation, and delusions. Normal thought processes are altered, including judgment, and rational behavior... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... The differential diagnosis of delirium is very similar to that for coma and one finds the mnemonic VINDICATE useful in this regard.
V—Vascular disorders
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... Memory loss is a real symptom and sign, but organic brain syndrome should be dropped from usage because it is a wastebasket term. Unless the memory loss is functional (“supratentorial"), the cerebrum is the principal
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... Agitation refers to a state of hyperarousal, increased tension, and irritability that can lead to confusion, hyperactivity, and overt hostility. Agitation can result from a toxic (poisons), metabolic, or... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations
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... A complex partial seizure occurs when a focal seizure begins in the temporal lobe and causes a partial alteration of consciousness — usually confusion. Psychomotor seizures can occur at any age, but their incidence usually... History ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... An umbrella term for puzzling or inappropriate behavior or responses, confusion is the inability to think quickly and coherently. Depending on the cause, it may arise suddenly or gradually and may be temporary or... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations
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... Degenerative diseases
Alzheimer's disease
Cerebral arteriosclerosis, multiple cerebrovascular accidents
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Agitation
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... Agitation refers to a state of hyperarousal, increased tension, and irritability that can lead to confusion, hyperactivity, and overt hostility. Agitation can result from a toxic (poisons), metabolic, or infectious cause;... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
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... A complex partial seizure occurs when a focal seizure begins in the temporal lobe and causes a partial alteration of consciousness—usually confusion. Psychomotor seizures can occur at any age,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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Confusion
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... An umbrella term for puzzling or inappropriate behavior or responses, confusion is the inability to think quickly and coherently. Depending on its cause, confusion may arise suddenly or gradually and may be... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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Delirium
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Linda P. Shields
Delirium, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criterion (1), is a condition involving an acute confusional state recognized by the... Approach. ... History ... Physical examination. ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment.
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Dementia
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Anne Cather Cutlip
Dementia is characterized by a progressive cognitive decline leading to social or occupational disability occurring in a state of clear consciousness. It... Approach. ... History. ... Physical examination. ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment.
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Confusion
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Mark W. Nickels
Acute confusional states represent an etiologically diverse spectrum of disorders that may involve alterations in thinking, perception, memory, orientation, or attention. In addition, present... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Differential Overview
❑ Alzheimer disease
❑ Multi-infarct dementia
❑ Depression
❑ Drugs ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
Systemic
❑ Drugs/toxins
❑ Sepsis
❑ ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Agitation refers to a state of hyperarousal, increased tension, and irritability that can lead to confusion, hyperactivity, and overt hostility. Agitation can result from a toxic (poisons),... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... A complex partial seizure occurs when a focal seizure begins in the temporal lobe and causes a partial alteration of consciousness — usually confusion. Psychomotor seizures can occur at any age, but incidence usually increases... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... An umbrella term for puzzling or inappropriate behavior or responses, confusion is the inability to think quickly and coherently. Depending on its cause, confusion may arise suddenly or gradually and may be... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Agitation refers to a state of hyperarousal, increased tension, and irritability that can lead to confusion, hyperactivity, and overt hostility. It can result from a toxic (poisons), metabolic, or... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A complex partial seizure occurs when a focal seizure begins in the temporal lobe and causes a partial alteration of consciousness—usually confusion. Psychomotor seizures can occur at any age, but their... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... An umbrella term for puzzling or inappropriate behavior or responses, confusion is the inability to think quickly and coherently. Depending on the cause, it may arise suddenly or gradually and may be temporary or... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
The differential diagnosis of delirium is very similar to that for
coma, and one finds the mnemonic VINDICATE useful in this regard.
V—Vascular disorders of the brain including
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Memory loss is a real symptom and sign, but organic brain syndrome
should be dropped from usage because it is a wastebasket term. Unless the
memory loss is... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
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