...
Is there chest pain? If there is chest pain along with the hemoptysis, one should suspect a pulmonary embolism.
Is there fever and/or purulent sputum? ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Are there exudates? This is a key question when evaluating a sore throat. Most cases of sore throat with exudates will be found to have streptococcal pharyngitis. Without exudates, one ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Is the patient an adult or a child? If the patient is a child, acute epiglottitis, acute laryngotracheitis, foreign body, congenital laryngeal stridor, ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Wheezing is classically due to bronchial asthma, but there is a danger in jumping to that conclusion because it occurs in a few other conditions as well. The wheezing of bronchial asthma is heard primarily on expiration, whereas... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
COUGH
(Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
...
Is it acute or chronic? Acute onset of a cough would suggest an acute URI, viral pneumonia, or bronchopneumonia. A chronic cough is more ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Hemoptysis is defined as coughing up blood from a source below the vocal cords. Other potential sites of bleeding (nose, mouth, throat, GI system) must be eliminated; it can... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Sore throat is a common symptom. Many patients incorrectly believe that antibiotics improve the clinical course in all sore throats. Although the vast majority of sore throats are of viral origin and should be managed conservatively, an... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Initial history of cough should include an assessment of the production of sputum. Additionally, associated history and physical findings, with particular attention to the quantity, quality, and circumstances surrounding... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Initial history of cough should include an assessment of the production of sputum, and the quantity, quality, and circumstances of the sputum production and coughing episodes. Additionally, associated... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Stridor is characterized by a high-pitched grating sound on inhalation or exhalation, but it is caused by narrowing or obstruction of the upper airway. Wheezing is a high-pitched musical sound on inhalation or... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Hemoptysis is defined as coughing or spitting up blood. Blood can originate from any anatomic site that communicates with the mouth (the “aerodigestive” tract): the mouth, sinuses, nasopharynx, oropharynx,... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Most sore throats and coughs are due to infection. Children may have 5–8 upper respiratory infections per year. The primary differential is between viral and bacterial etiologies,... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Priority of stridor evaluation is based on history and clinical presentation. A child with new stridor and respiratory distress requires immediate intervention. The most common cause of chronic stridor in infants is laryngomalacia... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Breath sounds are made by air flow through airways. Normally they are fairly quiet and somewhat louder during inspiration as air flows toward the stethoscope. Wheezing is defined as continuous breath sounds... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
A cough occurs by increased intrathoracic pressure against a closed glottis (Valsalva maneuver), followed by the abrupt opening of the glottis and a sudden expulsion of air.... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
In adults, “chronic” is often defined as more than 3 months of coughing in 2 years, but chronic cough is not as well defined in children. In general, for children, cough of more than 3&... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... True hemoptysis must be distinguished from epistaxis (see page 188) and hematemesis (see page 261). If the blood is bright red and alkaline (use nitrazine paper to test) and the nasal passages and posterior
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Breaking down the orophraynx, nasopharynx, and larynx into anatomic components is not very valuable in developing a differential diagnosis of sore throat. What is useful is to use the mnemonic VINDICATE
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... The differential diagnosis of cough is best developed with the use of anatomy. Cough may arise from an irritative focus anywhere along the respiratory tract. The irritation may be intrinsic, in
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Both these symptoms are the result of the same pathophysiologic mechanism: obstruction in the upper air passages. That obstruction may be due to any one of the etiologies recalled by the mnemonic MINT.
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Frightening to the patient and commonly ominous, hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood or bloody sputum from the lungs or tracheobronchial tree. It’s sometimes confused with... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A loud, harsh, musical respiratory sound, stridor results from an obstruction in the trachea or larynx. Usually heard during inspiration, this sign may also occur during expiration in severe upper airway obstruction.... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Resonant, brassy, and harsh, a barking cough is part of a complex of signs and symptoms that characterize croup syndrome, a group of pediatric disorders marked by varying degrees... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A nonproductive cough is a noisy, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs that doesn't yield sputum or blood. It's one of the most common complaints of patients with respiratory disorders.
Coughing is a necessary protective... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Productive coughing is the body's mechanism for clearing airway passages of accumulated secretions that normal mucociliary action doesn't remove. It's a sudden, forceful, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs that contains sputum,... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Wheezes are adventitious breath sounds with a high-pitched, musical, squealing, creaking, or groaning quality. They are caused by air flowing at a high velocity through a narrowed airway. When they originate in the... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Asthma
Extrinsic
Intrinsic
Exercise- or cold-induced
Drug-induced
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Acute
Viral upper respiratory infection
Pharyngitis
Rhinitis
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Pseudohemoptysis
Blood of upper gastrointestinal origin
Upper airway lesions
Epistaxis
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection usually caused by the nonmotile, gram-negative coccobacillus Bordetella pertussis and, occasionally, by the related similar... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Hemoptysis
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Frightening to the patient and often ominous, hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood or bloody sputum from the lungs or tracheobronchial tree. It’s sometimes confused with bleeding from the mouth, throat, nasopharynx, or GI... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Stridor
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... A loud, harsh, musical respiratory sound, stridor results from an obstruction in the trachea or larynx. Usually heard during inspiration, this sign may also occur during expiration in severe upper... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Resonant, brassy, and harsh, a barking cough is part of a complex of signs and symptoms that characterize croup syndrome, a group of pediatric disorders marked by varying degrees of respiratory distress. Croup syndrome is most common in... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A nonproductive cough is a noisy, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs that doesn’t yield sputum or blood. It’s one of the most common complaints of patients with respiratory disorders.
Coughing... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Productive coughing is the body’s mechanism for clearing airway passages of accumulated secretions that normal mucociliary action doesn’t remove. It’s a sudden,... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Wheezes are adventitious breath sounds with a high-pitched, musical, squealing, creaking, or groaning quality. They’re caused by air flowing at a high velocity through a narrowed airway. When they... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Hemoptysis
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Kathryn M. Larsen and Mary Knudtson
Hemoptysis is defined as the coughing up or expectoration of blood from the tracheobronchial tree, which can be from the trachea, major airways, or the lung... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Stridor
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Alexandra Duke and Tahany Maurice-Habashy
Stridor is a common type of wheezing (Chapter 8.9). It is characterized by a harsh, raspy, medium-pitched sound... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Wheezing
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Thomas C. Bent
Wheezing is one of the most common respiratory complaints to present to primary care physicians. Although most often caused by asthma or chronic... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Cough
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Désirée A. Lie
Cough is among the top 10 reasons for visits to family physicians in the United States. It accounts for 200 to 400 million episodes of illness... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
❑ Bronchitis
❑ Pneumonia
❑ Pulmonary edema
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Differential Diagnosis ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
❑ Rhinovirus
❑ Group A streptococci
❑ Ebstein-Barr virus
... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
Wheezing
❑ Asthma
❑ Reactive airways disease
❑ Pulmonary... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
❑ Viral upper respiratory infection
❑ Asthma
❑ Sinusitis
❑ Mycoplasma bronchitis
... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
❑ Upper respiratory infection
❑ Allergy
❑ Asthma
❑ Chronic... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Hemoptysis
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Frightening to the patient and often ominous, hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood or bloody sputum from the lungs or tracheobronchial tree. It’s sometimes confused with bleeding from the mouth, throat, nasopharynx, or GI... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Stridor
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... A loud, harsh, musical respiratory sound, stridor results from an obstruction in the trachea or larynx. Other causes include foreign-body aspiration, croup syndrome, laryngeal diphtheria, pertussis, retropharyngeal abscess, and... Assessment ... History ... Physical assessment ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Wheezing
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Wheezes are adventitious breath sounds with a high-pitched, musical, squealing, creaking, or groaning quality. They’re caused by air flowing at a high velocity through a... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Cough, barking
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Resonant, brassy, and harsh, a barking cough is part of a complex of signs and symptoms that characterize croup syndrome, a group of pediatric disorders marked by varying degrees of... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Cough, productive
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Productive coughing is the body’s mechanism for clearing airway passages of accumulated secretions that normal mucociliary action doesn’t remove. It’s a sudden, forceful, noisy expulsion of air (from the... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Frightening to the patient, hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood or bloody sputum from the lungs or tracheobronchial tree. It’s sometimes confused with bleeding from the mouth, throat, nasopharynx, or GI tract. (See ... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Stridor
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... A loud, harsh, musical respiratory sound, stridor results from an obstruction in the trachea or larynx. Usually heard during inspiration, this sign may also occur during expiration in severe upper airway obstruction. It may begin as... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Wheezes are adventitious breath sounds with a high-pitched, musical, squealing, creaking, or groaning quality. Also known as sibilant rhonchi, they’re caused by air flowing at a high velocity through a narrowed airway.... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Resonant, brassy, and harsh, a barking cough is part of a complex of signs and symptoms that characterize croup syndrome, a group of pediatric disorders marked by varying degrees of respiratory distress.... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A nonproductive cough is a noisy, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs that doesn’t yield sputum. It’s one of the most common complaints of patients with respiratory disorders.
Coughing is... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Productive coughing is the body’s mechanism for clearing airway passages of accumulated secretions that normal mucociliary action doesn’t remove. It’s a sudden, forceful, noisy expulsion of air (from... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Hemoptysis
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Hemoptysisis the coughing up of blood or blood-stained sputum. It is a manifestation of bleeding intothe lungs or conducting airways, and as a consequence, blood... Principal Causes of Hemoptysis ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Sore Throat
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
...Sore throat refers to any painful sensationof the pharynx or surrounding tissues and is a common complaintin childhood and adolescence. Principal Causes of Sore Throat ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Wheezing
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
...Wheezing is a high-pitched musical soundthat is usually produced by narrowing of the segmental bronchi andbronchioles. May be heard during inspiration, expiration, or both. Principal Causes of Wheezing ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Cough
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Definedas sound that occurs on sudden release of air under high pressure,which is generated by forceful contraction of expiratory musclesagainst a closed glottis. ... Principal Causes of Cough ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Stertoris noisy, snoring-type breathing that results from airway obstructionin the nose, nasopharynx, or oropharynx. The sounds are heard onlyduring inspiration. Stridor is a low- to medium... Principal Causes of Airway Obstruction ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Frightening to the patient and commonly ominous, hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood or bloody sputum from the lungs or tracheobronchial tree. It's sometimes confused with bleeding from the mouth, throat,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A loud, harsh, musical respiratory sound, stridor results from a partial to near complete obstruction of the trachea or larynx. Usually heard during inspiration, this sign may also occur during expiration... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Resonant, brassy, and harsh, a barking cough is part of a complex of signs and symptoms that characterize croup syndrome, a group of pediatric disorders marked by varying degrees of respiratory... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A nonproductive cough is a noisy, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs that doesn't yield sputum or blood. It's one of the most common complaints of patients with respiratory disorders.
Coughing is a... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Productive coughing is the body's mechanism for clearing airway passages of accumulated secretions that normal mucociliary action doesn't remove. It's a sudden, forceful, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs that... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Wheezes are adventitious breath sounds with a high-pitched, musical, squealing, creaking, or groaning quality. They're caused by air flowing at a high velocity through a narrowed airway. When they... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
True hemoptysis must be distinguished from epistaxis and hematemesis . If the blood is bright red and
alkaline (use nitrazine paper to test) and the nasal passages and... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Breaking down the oropharynx, nasopharynx, and larynx into anatomic
components is not very valuable in developing a differential diagnosis of
sore throat. What... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
The differential diagnosis of cough is best developed with the use of
anatomy. Cough may arise from an irritative focus anywhere along the
respiratory... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Both these symptoms are the result of the same pathophysiologic
mechanism: obstruction in the upper air passages. That obstruction may be
due to any one of the etiologies recalled by the mnemonic MINT.
M&... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
