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Is the amnesia transient or persistent? If it is transient, one should look for evidence of a head injury. If there is no evidence of a head ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there associated fever? Delirium with fever may simply indicate a self-limited infectious process, but it should bring to mind ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there a history of drug or alcohol ingestion? Hallucinations are common during alcohol withdrawal but also may be noted in cocaine addiction, marijuana addiction, LSD intoxication, and ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there a history of drug or alcohol ingestion? Chronic barbiturate intoxication, ergotism, and other psychotropic or antidepressant drugs may cause dementia. Alcoholism may ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is it intermittent? Episodic aphasia, apraxia, or agnosia would suggest epilepsy, transient ischemic attacks, migraine, or hypertensive encephalopathy.
Is it acute or gradual ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Amnesia is an inability to remember prior events and process new information despite a normal level of consciousness. The memory center in the brain is housed in the temporal lobes; thus, the development of true amnesia... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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An acute confusional state caused by a disturbance in global cortical function. Features include disturbance of consciousness, change in cognition, fluctuations of symptoms, and evidence... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Hallucinations are psychotic symptoms in which patients perceive stimuli that do not exist. Any of the five senses (auditory, visual, tactile, gustatory, or olfactory) may be involved,... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Dementia is a syndrome of premature neuronal death in focal brain regions. More than 50 illnesses may cause dementia. It affects 1% of the population by age 60, and this prevalence... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Delirium is an alteration in consciousness that can be associated with hallucinations, disorientation, and delusions. Normal thought processes are altered, including judgment, and rational behavior may be lost. Causes are... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Hallucinations are defined as perceptual experiences that do not occur in reality. They may be auditory (most common), visual, tactile, or olfactory.
Differential Diagnosis
... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... The most common causes of this disorder are head injury, epilepsy, migraine, drug use, and hysteria. However, it is wise to have a systematic method of remembering the many etiologies to
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... The differential diagnosis of delirium is very similar to that for coma and one finds the mnemonic VINDICATE useful in this regard.
V—Vascular disorders of the brain including
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... A hallucination is seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, or tasting something that is not there. Auditory hallucinations without evidence of mental deterioration usually indicate
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... Memory loss is a real symptom and sign, but organic brain syndrome should be dropped from usage because it is a wastebasket term. Unless the memory loss is functional (“
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... Amnesia — a disturbance in, or loss of, memory — may be classified as partial or complete and as anterograde or retrograde. Anterograde amnesia denotes memory loss of events... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... An umbrella term for puzzling or inappropriate behavior or responses, confusion is the inability to think quickly and coherently. Depending on the cause, it may arise suddenly or gradually and may be temporary or irreversible.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations
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... A decrease in the level of consciousness (LOC), from lethargy to stupor to coma, usually results from a neurologic disorder and may signal a life-threatening complication, such as hemorrhage... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Degenerative diseases
Alzheimer's disease
Cerebral arteriosclerosis, multiple cerebrovascular accidents
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... The essential feature of dissociative amnesia is a sudden inability to recall important personal information that can’t be explained by ordinary forgetfulness. The patient... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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Amnesia
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... Amnesia—a disturbance in, or loss of, memory—may be classified as partial or complete and as anterograde or retrograde. Anterograde amnesia denotes memory loss for events that occurred after the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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Apraxia
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... Apraxia is the inability to perform purposeful movements in the absence of significant weakness, sensory loss, poor coordination, or lack of comprehension or motivation. This neurologic sign usually indicates a... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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Confusion
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... An umbrella term for puzzling or inappropriate behavior or responses, confusion is the inability to think quickly and coherently. Depending on its cause, confusion may arise suddenly or gradually and may be temporary or irreversible.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... A decrease in level of consciousness (LOC), from lethargy to stupor to coma, usually results from a neurologic disorder and may signal a life-threatening complication, such as... Emergency Interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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Confusion
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Mark W. Nickels
Acute confusional states represent an etiologically diverse spectrum of disorders that may involve alterations in thinking, perception, memory, orientation, or attention. In... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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Delirium
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Linda P. Shields
Delirium, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criterion (1), is a condition involving an acute confusional state recognized... Approach. ... History ... Physical examination. ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment.
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Dementia
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Anne Cather Cutlip
Dementia is characterized by a progressive cognitive decline leading to social or occupational disability occurring in a state of clear consciousness. It has... Approach. ... History. ... Physical examination. ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment.
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... Differential Overview
❑ Concussion
❑ Alzheimer disease
❑ Drugs
❑ ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
❑ Alzheimer disease
❑ Multi-infarct dementia
❑ Depression ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
Systemic
❑ Drugs/toxins
❑ Sepsis
&... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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Apraxia
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
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... Apraxia is the inability to perform purposeful movements in the absence of significant weakness, sensory loss, poor coordination, or lack of comprehension or motivation. Apraxia usually indicates a lesion in the cerebral... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... A decrease in level of consciousness (LOC), from lethargy to stupor to coma, usually results from a neurologic disorder and may signal a life-threatening complication, such... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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Apraxia
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
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... Apraxia is the inability to perform purposeful movements in the absence of significant weakness, sensory loss, poor coordination, or lack of comprehension or motivation. This neurologic sign usually indicates a lesion in the... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... An umbrella term for puzzling or inappropriate behavior or responses, confusion is the inability to think quickly and coherently. Depending on its cause, confusion may arise suddenly or gradually and may be temporary or irreversible.... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... A decrease in level of consciousness (LOC), which can range from lethargy to stupor to coma, usually results from a neurologic disorder and may signal a life-threatening complication, such as hemorrhage, trauma, or... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Amnesia—a disturbance in, or loss of, memory—may be classified as partial or complete and as anterograde or retrograde. Anterograde amnesiadenotes memory loss of events that occurred after the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... An umbrella term for puzzling or inappropriate behavior or responses, confusion is the inability to think quickly and coherently. Depending on the cause, it may arise suddenly or... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A decrease in the level of consciousness (LOC), from lethargy to stupor to coma, usually results from a neurologic disorder and may signal a life-threatening complication, such as hemorrhage, trauma, or cerebral edema. However,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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...
The most common causes of this disorder are head injury, epilepsy,
migraine, drug use, and hysteria. However, it is wise to have a systematic
method of remembering the many etiologies to avoid
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
The differential diagnosis of delirium is very similar to that for
coma, and one finds the mnemonic VINDICATE useful in this regard.
V—Vascular
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...
A hallucination is seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, or tasting
something that is not there. Auditory hallucinations without evidence of
mental
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...
Memory loss is a real symptom and sign, but organic brain syndrome
should be dropped from usage because it is a wastebasket term. Unless the
memory loss is functional (“... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
