Dysphagia, Odynophagia
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
Inflammation/infection
Herpes stomatitis
Monilial stomatitis
Pharyngitis
Vincent's angina
Retropharyngeal abscess
Peritonsillar abscess
Caustic ingestion
Mumps
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Structural abnormalities
Intrinsic
Postcricoid web
Zenker's diverticulum
Upper esophageal stricture
Upper esophageal tumors
Head and neck tumors
Postsurgical change
Postradiation change
Foreign body
Congenital anomalies
Extrinsic
Cervical osteophyte
Thyromegaly
Cricopharyngeal bar
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Vascular anomalies
Neurologic disorders
Central nervous system disorders
Cerebrovascular accident
Parkinson's disease
Brainstem tumors
Alzheimer's disease
Depression
Tardive dyskinesia and dystonia
Stiff-man syndrome
Cerebral palsy
Motor neuron disease (e.g., amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis)
Multiple sclerosis
Poliomyelitis
Huntington's chorea
Syringobulbia
Tabes dorsalis
Spinocerebellar degeneration
Cranial nerve diseases
Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
Cranial nerve injury
Rabies
Diphtheria
Peripheral neuropathies
Diabetic neuropathy
Lead poisoning
Neuromuscular diseases
Myasthenia gravis
Botulism
Skeletal muscle diseases
Muscular dystrophies
Oculopharyngeal dystrophy
Myotonic dystrophy
Polymyositis
Dermatomyositis
Connective tissue diseases
Scleroderma
Lupus erythematosus
Mixed connective tissue disease
Rheumatoid arthritis
Metabolic myopathies
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Amyloidosis
Other causes
Cricopharyngeal dysfunction
Xerostomia
Medication-induced
Sjögren's syndrome
Radiation-induced
Esophageal Dysphagia
Inflammation/infection
Reflux esophagitis
Bile reflux esophagitis
Radiation esophagitis
Caustic ingestion
Medication-induced esophagitis
Esophageal trauma
Esophageal infection
CMV
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Idiopathic human immunodeficiency virus ulcers
Esophageal moniliasis
Esophageal Crohn's disease
Eosinophilic esophagitis
Esophageal sarcoidosis
Graft-versus-host disease
Behçet's syndrome
Structural abnormalities
Intrinsic
Esophageal stricture
Esophageal carcinoma
Carcinoma of the gastric cardia
Esophageal benign tumor
Esophageal web
Esophageal ring (e.g., Schatzki's ring)
Midesophageal diverticulum
Epiphrenic diverticulum
Esophageal pseudodiverticulosis
Paraesophageal hernia
Esophageal foreign body
Extrinsic
Vascular ring
Cervical osteophyte
Carcinoma of the lung
Mediastinal lymphoma
Mediastinal tuberculosis
Pulmonary abscess
Empyema
Enlarged right atrium
Pericardial effusion
Enlarged aorta (dysphagia aortica)
Anomalous right subclavian artery (dysphagia lusoria)
Motility disorders
Primary
Achalasia
Nonspecific esophageal motility disorder
Nutcracker esophagus
Hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter
Diffuse esophageal spasm
Secondary
Scleroderma and other connective tissue diseases
Polymyositis
Dermatomyositis
Diabetes mellitus
Amyloidosis
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Chagas' disease
Pseudoachalasia
Chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction
Alcoholism
Paraneoplastic syndrome
References
1. See Bibliography, 6.
2. Richter JE: Dysphagia, Odynophagia, Heartburn, and Other Esophageal Symptoms, pp. 97–105. See Bibliography, 1.
3. Clouse RE, Diamant NE: Motor Physiology and Motor Disorders of the Esophagus, pp. 467–494. See Bibliography, 1.
Book Source Details
- Book Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
- Author(s): Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra
- Year of Publication: 1999
- Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 2008 Williams & Wilkins.
More About Causes of Dysphagia
» Next page: Dysphagia (Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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