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Is the constipation acute or chronic? If the constipation is acute and there is abdominal pain or vomiting, one must consider the possibility of ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there blood in the stool? From the algorithm, blood in the stool should indicate that there is
Salmonella
,
Shigella
, ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there a positive drug or alcohol history? It is well known that alcohol can cause diarrhea, as do drugs in common use, such as digitalis, ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Constipation is a common complaint that must be accurately defined by the patient before initiating an extensive evaluation. Constipation may include fewer than three bowel movements (BMs) in a week,... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Diarrhea is defined as an increase in the volume of bowel movements. Acute diarrhea is designated as being of less than 4 weeks’ duration. Many patients describe increased frequency or decreased consistency of bowel... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Chronic diarrhea is defined as increased volume bowel movements persisting for more than 4 weeks. Mechanisms of diarrhea are categorized as increased secretion, decreased absorption, osmotic diarrhea, or abnormal... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Constipation is a common complaint, accounting for 3% of all pediatric office visits. Stool frequency can be variable in infants, who average 4 per day (SD 1.8) at 1 week, 2.2 per day (SD 1.6) at 1 month... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Chronic diarrhea (nonbloody, without weight loss) is defined as increased total daily stool output (greater than 10 g/kg/day), associated with increased stool water content; diarrhea is classified as chronic... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Diarrhea is considered chronic when it last longer than 14 days. Weight loss with diarrhea should always be concerning and deserves thorough investigation. Collectively the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Acute diarrhea is an abrupt onset of increased fluid content of stool above about 10 mL/kg/day and increased frequency from 4–5 to more than 20 times daily. It is a major problem worldwide because of excessive loss of fluid... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... The causes of constipation can be recalled on a physiologic basis. Normal defecation requires feces that are of proper consistency, good muscular contraction of the walls of the large intestine, and unobstructed passage of the stool. It
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... The differential diagnosis of diarrhea may be approached from either an anatomic or a physiologic basis. The anatomic approach is used in Table 22. In the stomach and duodenum, pernicious anemia and Zollinger–Ellison
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... Constipation is defined as small, infrequent, or difficult bowel movements. Because normal bowel movements can vary in frequency and from individual to individual, constipation is relative and must be... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Usually a chief sign of an intestinal disorder, diarrhea is an increase in the volume of stools compared with the patient's normal bowel habits. It varies in severity and may be acute or chronic.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Fecal incontinence, the involuntary passage of feces, follows a loss or an impairment of external anal sphincter control. It can result from many GI, neurologic, and psychological disorders; the effects of drugs; or surgery. In... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Behavioral/Psychiatric Factors
Low-residue diet
Chronic laxative and/or enema abuse
Immobility
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... Acute Diarrhea
Infections
Viral gastroenteritis (adenovirus, Norwalk agent, rotavirus, etc.)
Bacterial
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... Constipation is defined as small, infrequent, or difficult bowel movements. Because normal bowel movements can vary in frequency and from individual to individual, constipation must be determined in relation to the patient... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Diarrhea
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... Usually a chief sign of an intestinal disorder, diarrhea is an increase in the volume of stools compared with the patient’s normal bowel elimination habits. It varies in severity and may be acute or... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Fecal incontinence, the involuntary passage of feces, follows any loss or impairment of external anal sphincter control. It can result from various GI, neurologic, and psychological disorders; the effects of drugs; or... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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Constipation
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... W. Robert Kiser
Approach Constipation, defined as the passage of two or fewer stools per week (1), is the most frequently reported... History ... Physical examination ... Diagnostic testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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Diarrhea
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Francis G. O’Connor
Diarrhea is one of the most common clinical complaints encountered by primary care providers. Although diarrhea infrequently requires a significant diagnostic... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing (5) ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Lifestyle
❑ Drugs
❑ Depression
❑ Irritable bowel syndrome ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
❑ Viral gastroenteritis
❑ Staphylococcal enterotoxin
❑ E. coli ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
Altered Intestinal Motility
❑ Irritable bowel syndrome
❑ Diabetic enteropathy
... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Also known as lazy colon, colonic stasis, colonic inertia, and atonic constipation, chronic constipation may lead to fecal impaction if left untreated. It’s common in... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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Diarrhea
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
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... Usually a chief sign of an intestinal disorder, diarrhea is an increase in the volume of stools compared with the patient’s normal bowel habits. It varies in severity and may be acute or chronic. Acute diarrhea may result from... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Constipation is defined as small, infrequent, or difficult bowel movements. Because normal bowel movements can vary in frequency and from individual to individual, constipation must be determined in... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Usually a chief sign of an intestinal disorder, diarrhea is an increase in the volume of stools compared with the patient’s normal bowel habits. It varies in severity and may be acute or chronic. Acute... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Constipation
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
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... Constipationis difficult passage of hard stools. Clinical problem is not infrequent passageper se, but difficult and painful bowel movements. Common manifestations include crampyabdominal pain, abdominal distension,... Principal Causes of Constipation ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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Diarrhea
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
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... Definedas stools that are more fluid and frequent than normal. Can be acute or chronic (>2–3wks in duration). Acute diarrhea is discussed in first section ofthis chapter, and chronic diarrhea is... Principle Causes of Acute Diarrhea ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Acute Diarrhea ... Diagnostic Approach: Acute Diarrhea ... Principle Causes of Chronic Diarrhea ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Chronic Diarrhea ... Diagnostic Approach: Chronic Diarrhea ... References
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... Definedas fecal soiling beyond 4 yrs of age. Until this age, children arelearning normal bowel control and bowel habits. Primary fecal incontinence exists whenchild has never... Principal Causes of Fecal Incontinence ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... Constipation is defined as small, infrequent, or difficult bowel movements. Because normal bowel movements can vary in frequency and from individual to individual, constipation is relative and must be... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Usually a chief sign of an intestinal disorder, diarrhea is an increase in the volume of stools compared with the patient's normal bowel habits. It varies in severity and may be acute or chronic. Acute diarrhea may result... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Fecal incontinence, the involuntary passage of feces, follows a loss or an impairment of external anal sphincter control. It can result from many GI, neurologic, and... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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The causes of constipation can be recalled on a physiologic basis.
Normal defecation requires feces that are of proper consistency, good
muscular contraction of the... Pictures
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