Glossary for Hypercalcemia

Medical terms related to Hypercalcemia or mentioned in this section include:

• Acute adult T-Cell leukemia: A form of blood cancer affecting the T-cells which make up the body's immune system. The disease is caused by the HTLV-1 virus (human T-cell leukemia virus) which causes the proliferation of abnormal T-cells. The virus can be transmitted sexually and may lay dormant for decades. There are four subtypes: acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering. The acute and lymphoma subtypes have the poorest prognosis. The acute subtype tends to progress rapidly and is the most prevalent form of the condition.
• Adult T-Cell leukemia: A form of blood cancer affecting the T-cells which make up the body's immune system. The disease is caused by the HTLV-1 virus (human T-cell leukemia virus) which causes the proliferation of abnormal T-cells. The virus can be transmitted sexually and may lay dormant for decades. There are four subtypes: acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering. The acute and lymphoma subtypes have the poorest prognosis.
• Adult T-Cell lymphoma: A form of blood cancer affecting the T-cells which make up the body's immune system. The disease is caused by the HTLV-1 virus (human T-cell leukemia virus) which causes the proliferation of abnormal T-cells. The virus can be transmitted sexually and may lay dormant for decades. There are four subtypes: acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering. The acute and lymphoma subtypes have the poorest prognosis. The lymphoma subtype is aggressive and tends to affect the lymph nodes more than the blood.
• Bartter Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder of kidney metabolism characterized by reduced blood acidity and low potassium levels.
• Berylliosis: Beryllium poisoning which causes granulomas and pulmonary fibrosis.
• Bone cancer: Malignancy that occurs in the bone
• Bone symptoms: Symptoms affecting the body's bones
• Brown-Sequard Syndrome: A disorder where spinal cord compression and lesions involve only half of the spinal cord.
• Chronic adult T-Cell leukemia: A form of blood cancer affecting the T-cells which make up the body's immune system. The disease is caused by the HTLV-1 virus (human T-cell leukemia virus) which causes the proliferation of abnormal T-cells. The virus can be transmitted sexually and may lay dormant for decades. There are four subtypes: acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering. The acute and lymphoma subtypes have the poorest prognosis. The acute form tends to progress relatively slowly and generally responds better to treatment than the other subtypes.
• Cushing-like symptoms: Symptoms similar to those of Cushing's disease
• Danazol - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Danazol (used to treat endometriosis) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• High blood calcium: Abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood.
• Hodgkin's Disease: A form of cancer that affects the lymphatic system.
• Hypercalcemia: Raised blood calcium levels
• Hyperparathyroidism: Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid glands.
• Hyperparathyroidism, primary: A rare genetic disorder where excessive activity of the parathyroid gland causes increased blood calcium levels which can cause various problems.
• Hyperthyroidism: The excessive activity of the thyroid gland
• Hypophosphatasia: A rare genetic disorder characterized by short limbs, dwarfism and general lack of bone calcification.
• Infantile hypophosphatasia: An inherited bone disorder due to an inborn error of metabolism characterized by a deficiency of alkaline phosphate. The condition becomes noticeably during infancy and involves a period of normal development (about 6 months) followed by deterioration due to bone demineralization.
• Jansen type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia: A rare genetic disorder characterized by extremely short stature, unusual face and skeletal and joint abnormalities.
• Lithium - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Lithium during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Low blood calcium: Abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood.
• Metastatic cancer: Any cancer that has spread to other parts of the body.
• Milk-Alkali syndrome: Milk-Alkali syndrome is a condition where the body is too alkaline and the blood contains too much calcium which results in impaired kidney function. It can be caused by drinking large quantities of milk or using too many alkaline antacid remedies. High vitamin D intake can make the condition worse. The people most at risk of this condition tend to be older people (especially women) who are taking calcium supplements as well as calcium carbonate containing remedies to treat dyspepsia.
• Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: Rare inherited disease causing tumors in multiple glands
• Multiple myeloma: A rare malignant cancer that occurs in the bone marrow. More common in skull, spine, rib cage, pelvis and legs.
• Myeloma: A primary malignancy of the plasma cells
• Paget's Disease: Breast carcinoma involving nipple and areola.
• Paget's disease of bone: A chronic, slowly progressing bone disorder where the bone is destroyed rapidly and replaced by abnormal bone which is dense and fragile.
• Paraneoplastic syndromes:
• Pseudophosphatasia: A rare condition where infants have all the physical features of infantile hypophosphatasia but alkaline phosphatase activity is normal.
• Rathburn disease: A rare inherited condition involving bone and teeth mineralization abnormalities and reduced phosphatase enzyme activity. The severity of the disorder varies according to the degree of reduction in phosphatase activity.
• Sarcoidosis: Rare autoimmune disease usually affecting the lungs.
• Smoldering adult T-Cell leukemia: A form of blood cancer affecting the T-cells which make up the body's immune system. The disease is caused by the HTLV-1 virus (human T-cell leukemia virus) which causes the proliferation of abnormal T-cells. The virus can be transmitted sexually and may lay dormant for decades. There are four subtypes: acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering. The acute and lymphoma subtypes have the poorest prognosis. The smoldering form tends to progress even slower than the chronic form and responds the best to treatment.
• Tuberculosis: Bacterial infection causing nodules forming, most commonly in the lung.
• Vipoma: A rare disorder caused by an increase in secretion of vasoactive intestinal peptide by the pancreas. The syndrome is often caused by an islet-cell tumor (except for beta cells) in the pancreas.
• Vitamin A overdose: Overdose of Vitamin A usually due to Vitamin A supplement overuse or poisoning.
• Vitamin D overdose: Overdose of vitamin D (usually supplement overdose)
• Williams Syndrome: A syndrome characterised by mental retardation, facial abnormalities and emotional instability

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