Glossary for Hyperkalemia

Medical terms related to Hyperkalemia or mentioned in this section include:

• $18-Hydroxylase deficiency$: A rare genetic, metabolic defect where a deficiency of the enzyme 18-Hydroxylase which results in a reduced amount of aldosterone and salt wasting.
• ACTH Deficiency: A rare endocrine disorder involving a lack of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) and low levels of cortisol and steroid hormones.
• Acid-Base Imbalance: A disruption to the normal acid-base equilibrium in the body. There are four main groups of disorder involving an acid-base imbalance: respiratory acidosis or alkalosis and metabolic acidosis or alkalosis. Obviously the severity of symptoms is determined by the degree of imbalance.
• Acidosis: The accumulation of hydrogen ions or the depletion of the alkaline reserve in the body.
• Acute kidney failure: The sudden and acute loss of kidney function
• Addison's Disease: A rare progressive hormonal disorder characterized by insufficient production of certain hormones called adrenal corticosteroids.
• Adrenal Cortex Diseases: Diseases of the adrenal cortex. Examples includes Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome and adrenal fatigue.
• Adrenal gland hypofunction: Reduced adrenal gland activity due to damage to the adrenal gland or lack of stimulation of the gland. Pituitary hormones stimulate adrenal gland activity.
• Adrenal gland symptoms: Symptoms affecting the adrenal glands
• Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital type 3: A group of disorders that occur when a deficiency of 21-hydroxylase impairs the normal process of making adrenal corticosteroids. The severity of the condition is variable depending on the degree of deficiency.
• Amelo-cerebro-hypohidrotic syndrome: A rare syndrome involving degeneration of the central nervous system, seizures and abnormal tooth development.
• Amiloride - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Amiloride during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Burns: Injury from burns and scalds.
• Bywaters' syndrome: A trauma or accident involving the crushing of soft tissues and associated symptoms. Severe cases can result in death.
• Captopril - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Captopril during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Chemical poisoning - Acetylsalicylic Acid: Acetylsalicylic Acid is also known as aspirin and is primarily used to relieve pain, fever and inflammation. Excessive exposure to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Ammonium Bifluoride: Ammonium Bifluoride is a chemical used wheel cleaners, herbicides and in the manufacture of magnesium. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Pyrimidifen: Pyrimidifen is a chemical used mainly as an insecticide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Tungsten: Tungsten is an element used mainly in light bulb filaments, X-ray tubes, electrodes, superalloys, heating elements and various other high temperature uses. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chronic Kidney Disease: Long-term and generally irreversible disease of the kidneys due to infection, obstruction, congenital diseases or generalised diseases causing failure of the kidneys' normal functions.
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - sodium-wasting form: A group of disorder that occur when a deficiency of 21-hydroxylase impairs the normal process of making adrenal corticosteroids - a severe deficiency of 21-hydroxylase causing salt-wasting which is potentially fatal.
• Cyclosporine toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Dehydration: Loss and reduction in body water levels
• Diabetes: Symptoms similar to those of diabetes
• Diabetes-like symptoms: Symptoms similar to those of diabetes
• Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A metabolic acidosis that results from the accumulation of ketones when diabetes mellitus is poorly controlled
• Diabetic ketoacidosis: A metabolic acidosis that results from the accumulation of ketones when diabetes mellitus is poorly controlled
• Digoxin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Digoxin (a heart drug) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Fasting: The action of not eating or drinking usually whilst awaiting a medical procedure
• Foxglove poisoning: The foxglove is a herb which produces fruit in a capsule and colored, tubular flowers. The leaves, flowers and seeds of the plant contain a very toxic chemical called digitalis glycoside which can cause serious symptoms or even death if eaten. Skin irritation can occur if contact with the skin occurs. NOTE: Patients who are taking certain medications (digoxin, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers) are more susceptible to foxglove poisoning.
• Haemolytic anaemia:
• Hyperkalaemia: Increased concentration of potassium in the blood.
• Hyperkalemia: Abnormally high levels of potassium in the blood
• Hyperkalemic Renal Tubular Acidosis: A condition characterized by the inability of the kidneys to excrete acidic urine as well as an accumulation of potassium in the body
• Hypoadrenalism: Reduced adrenal gland activity.
• Hypoadrenocorticism - hypoparathyroidism - moniliasis: An autoimmune disorder where hormone production by various glands is reduced. The main features of the disorder are Addison disease and/or hypoparathyroidism and/or chronic candidiasis.
• Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism: A rare condition where low levels of renin result in insufficient aldosterone being produced.
• Hypothermia: Low body temperature
• Ibuprofen - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Ibuprofen during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Indomethacin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Indomethacin during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Internal bleeding: The loss of blood internally from the circulation
• Ketoprofen - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Ketoprofen during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Kidney stones: A crystal deposit that is made of urates and phosphates that occurs in the kidneys
• Kohlschutter-Tonz syndrome: A rare syndrome involving degeneration of the central nervous system, seizures and abnormal tooth development.
• Kwashiorkor: A malnutrition state that is produced by severe protein deficiency
• Leukemia: Cancer of the blood cells, usually white blood cells.
• Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia: A rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia where the early phase of adrenal cortisol production is defective which causes mineralocorticoid deficiency. Male pseudohermaphroditism is the main characteristic of this disorder.
• Lupus: Autoimmune disease with numerous effects on various organs and linings.
• Malignant hyperthermia: A very rare genetic disorder where sufferers suffer episodes of adverse reactions when certain anesthetics or muscle relaxants are administered.
• Malnutrition: Any disorder that relates to inadequate intake of nutrients.
• Muscle atrophy: Decrease in size and bulk of muscle.
• Oleander poisoning: The oleander is a flowering shrub or small tree which bears clusters of flowers. The plant originated from Eurasia and is often used as an ornamental plant. The plant contains chemicals (cardiac glycosides: nerioside, oleandroside; saponins) which are very toxic if ingested. The plant is considered highly toxic and can result in death if sufficient quantities are eaten. The toxicity within a species can vary depending on the season. As little as seven leaves have been reported to cause poisoning symptoms. Poisoning can occur from inhaling smoke from burning oleander leaves.
• Plant poisoning - Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea): Ingestion of leaves from the Foxglove plant may cause a reaction.
• Plant poisoning - Oleander (Nerium oleander): Ingestion of leaves from the Oleander plant may cause a reaction.
• Pseudohypoaldosteronism: A group of disorders involving an electrolyte imbalance due to the kidney's inability to respond to aldosterone. The actual level of aldosterone may range from high to low.
• Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1: A rare condition characterized by electrolyte disorders caused by the kidney's inability to respond to aldosterone. Type 1 is differentiated from type II in that it involves sodium wasting.
• Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1, autosomal dominant: A rare condition characterized by electrolyte disorders caused by the kidney's inability to respond to mineralocorticoids. Type 1 is differentiated from type II in that it involves sodium wasting. There are two forms of type 1: an autosomal recessive form which tends to be more severe than the autosomal dominant form. The recessive form tends to persist into adulthood whereas the dominant form is milder and symptoms tend to improve with age.
• Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1, autosomal recessive: A rare condition characterized by electrolyte disorders caused by the kidney's inability to respond to mineralocorticoids. Type 1 is differentiated from type II in that it involves sodium wasting. There are two forms of type 1: an autosomal recessive form which tends to be more severe than the autosomal dominant form. The recessive form tends to persist into adulthood whereas the dominant form is milder and symptoms tend to improve with age.
• Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II: A rare condition characterized by electrolyte disorders caused by the kidney's inability to respond to aldosterone. Type II is differentiated from Type I in that sodium wasting doesn't occur.
• Renal tubular acidosis, distal, type 4: A rare disorder where the kidney tubules fail to remove acids from the blood and into the urine which results in high blood acidity. The disorder is caused by low levels of the aldosterone hormone or the kidneys inability to respond to the hormone.
• Rhabdomyolysis: The destruction of the striated muscle fibres with excretion of myoglobin in the urine
• Sea snake poisoning: The Sea snake is a poisonous snake found in the warmer western parts of the Pacific and Indian Ocean. Sea snakes have scales but not gills or fins so they still need to go to the surface of the water to breathe. Sea snake venom is particularly poisonous but their bite fails to achieve any significant envenomation. The venom is toxic to the nervous system and muscles.
• Severe hyperkalemia: A condition which is characterized be a severe elevation of a persons potassium levels
• Spironolactone - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Spironolactone during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Systemic lupus erythematosus: chronic autoimmune disease that can be fatal, though with recent medical advances, fatalities are becoming increasingly rare.
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, acquired: A rare blood condition where small blood clots form in blood vessels which reduces the number of blood platelets and results in kidney failure, neurological symptoms and anemia. The condition may be familial or acquired - symptoms tend to recur regularly in the familial form.
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, congenital: A rare blood condition where small blood clots form in blood vessels which reduces the number of blood platelets and results in kidney failure, neurological symptoms and anemia.
• Tumor lysis syndrome: Metabolic abnormalities that can occur when chemotherapy drugs rapidly destroy tumor cells.
• White Chameleon poisoning: The white chameleon is a type of thistle found mainly in dry areas of the Mediterranean. The rhizomes contains chemicals which can cause poisoning symptoms if eaten. The plant is often mistaken for a wild artichoke. The root extract is sometimes used in alternative medicine and excessive doses can also result in poisoning.

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