Symptoms » Hypocalcemia » Book Sections

Hypocalcemia

Hypoalbuminemia*
Vitamin D–deficiency states
   Sunlight deficiency
   Dietary deficiency
   Malabsorption (see 5-G)
       Post gastrectomy or intestinal bypass
       Sprue, tropical and nontropical
       Pancreatic insufficiency
       Hepatobiliary disease with bile salt deficiency
       Laxative abuse
   Abnormal metabolism of vitamin D
       Renal failure (acute and chronic)
       Liver failure
       Vitamin D–dependent rickets
       Anticonvulsants, microsomal enzyme inducers
Hypoparathyroidism
   Congenital
   Idiopathic (infantile- and adolescent-onset types)
   Acquired
       Surgical
       Iron overload (e.g., after multiple transfusions)
       Irradiation
       Neoplasm
Pseudohypoparathyroidism (types I and II)
Hyperphosphatemia
   Phosphate administration
       Enemas, laxatives
       Intravenous administration
       Cow's milk in infant formula
   Renal failure (chronic or acute)
   Rhabdomyolysis
   Tumor lysis syndrome
Malignancy
   Osteoblastic metastases (especially carcinoma of prostate, breast)
   Malignancy with increased thyrocalcitonin levels (especially medullary carcinoma of thyroid)
Magnesium depletion (see 1-Q)
Drugs
   Loop diuretics
   Agents causing decreased bone resorption (e.g., actinomycin, calcitonin, mithramycin)
   Calcium-complexing agents (e.g., citrate, ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid)
Massive transfusion, plasma exchange
Acute pancreatitis
Healing phase of rickets, osteitis fibrosa, thyrotoxic osteopathy (“hungry bone syndrome”)
Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, acute
Osteopetrosis
Neonatal tetany

References

1. Popovtzer MM, Knochel JP, Kumar R: Disorders of Calcium, Phosphorus, Vitamin D, and Parathyroid Hormone Activity, p. 241. See Bibliography, 4.

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*Normal serum ionized calcium.

Book Source Details

• Book Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
• Author(s): Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra
• Year of Publication: 1999
• Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Other Book Chapters Related to Hypocalcemia

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Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 2008 Williams & Wilkins.

More About Causes of Hypocalcemia

• Back to symptom: Hypocalcemia: Introduction (review 12 causes)
• Next Book Extract About Hypocalcemia: Calcium imbalance (Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
• All Book Extracts: All Online Book Extracts for Hypocalcemia

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More About This Book: Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis Authors: Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Copyright: 1999 ISBN: 0-78171-943-7

 » Next page: Calcium imbalance (Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

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