Respiratory Failure
Central Nervous System Disorders
Drug intoxication
Sedatives
Tranquilizers
Analgesics
Anesthetics
Vascular disorders, hypoperfusion states
Intracranial infarction or bleeding (especially brainstem)
Shock
Disorders of the central respiratory controller
Primary alveolar hypoventilation
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Trauma
Spinal cord injury
Head injury
Increased intracranial pressure
Infection
Viral encephalitis
Bulbar poliomyelitis
Miscellaneous
Status epilepticus
Myxedema
Neuromuscular Disorders
Peripheral nerve and anterior horn cell disorders
Guillain-Barré syndrome
Poliomyelitis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Myoneural junction disorders
Myasthenia gravis
Tetanus
Curarelike drugs
Anticholinesterase drugs
Muscular disorders
Muscle weakness due to, for example, hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia
Muscle fatigue
Polymyositis, dermatomyositis
Muscular dystrophies
Myotonia
Chest Wall and Pleural Disorders
Kyphoscoliosis
Chest trauma
Flail chest
Multiple rib fractures
Postthoracotomy
Pleural disorders
Large pleural effusions
Tension pneumothorax
Massive fibrosis
Pulmonary Disorders
Airflow limitation, chronic
Pulmonary emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Asthma, especially status asthmaticus
Alveolar disorders
Pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonitis
Pulmonary edema
Elevated microvascular pressure
Normal microvascular pressure (adult respiratory distress syndrome)
Combined or unclear mechanisms
Airway obstruction, acute
Foreign body
Upper airway obstruction
Epiglottitis
Respiratory burns
Noxious gases
Bronchospasm, acute
Interstitial disorders
Fibrosing alveolitis
Interstitial fibrosis and other diffuse disorders
Extensive neoplasm
Vascular disorders
Pulmonary embolus (especially thrombus, fat)
Obliterative vasculitis
Primary pulmonary hypertension
Scleroderma
References
1. Matthay MA, Hopewell PC: Critical Care for Acute Respiratory Failure, pp. 379–396. See Bibliography, 9.
2. Pontoppidan H, Geffin B, Lowenstein E: Acute Respiratory Failure.
N Engl J Med 287:690, 743, 799, 1972.
Book Source Details
- Book Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
- Author(s): Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra
- Year of Publication: 1999
- Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Other Book Chapters Related to Hypoxia
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Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 2008 Williams & Wilkins.
More About Causes of Hypoxia
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Acute respiratory failure in COPD (Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
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